Deck 18: Families

Question 1

Structural-functional theory points out how family perpetuates social inequality.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Another name for the extended family is the conjugal family.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Bilateral descent is found in societies that have a relatively high level of gender equality.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

A larger share of children in the United States are born to unmarried parents than in Sweden.

Question 5

Parents and children form what sociologists call the extended family.

Question 6

Research indicates that a majority of U.S.married males are unfaithful to their partners at some point in their marriage.

Question 7

Most adults in the United States say they want at least three children,although most do not go on to have this many.

Question 8

In most African nations,the law permits a man to have more than one wife.

Question 9

In traditional societies,parents may arrange the marriages of their very young children.

Question 10

Social class affects what women expect in a husband.

Question 11

Polyandry unites in marriage one female with two or more males in marriage.

Question 12

Around the world,most marriages have been polygamous.

Question 13

In 2012,a majority of people in the United States say that they oppose dating between black and white people.

Question 14

Feminist theory links the operation of the family to patriarchy.

Question 15

Endogamy refers to the pattern of people marrying partners from the same social category.

Question 16

Exogamy means that parents of similar social position pass on their standing to their children.

Question 17

The dominant residential form in the United States is neolocality.

Question 18

Kinship is based on common ancestry,marriage,or adoption.

Question 19

Grandmothers have an especially important role in African American families.

Question 20

Romantic love is the basis of marriage in preindustrial societies.

Question 21

Before they reach the age of eighteen,almost half of U.S.children live with only one parent for some period of time.

Question 22

The trend in the United States is toward more racially mixed marriages.

Question 23

ThChapter -opening story of Rosa Yniguez,who came from Mexico to live and raise her three children in California,makes the point that

A)family patterns often change among immigrants to this country.
B)Hispanic women avoid forming families.
C)today's Latinas are having more and more children.
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 24

Jessie Bernard claimed that women would be happier in marriage if men did not expect them to do almost all the housework.

Question 25

A family that includes parents,children and other kin is called

A)a nuclear family.
B)an extended family.
C)a family of affinity.
D)a conjugal family.

Question 26

Most research suggests that growing up in a one-parent family disadvantages children.

Question 27

African Americans and Asian Americans show significant differences in typical family form.

Question 28

One reason for today's high divorce rate in the United States is that women are more economically dependent on men.

Question 29

Most cohabiting parents continue to live together with their children until the children reach adulthood.

Question 30

In vitro fertilization refers to conception by an unmarried couple.

Question 31

Singlehood is gaining popularity among young people in the United States.

Question 32

In recent years,same-sex marriage has become legal in all states within the United States.

Question 33

People in the United States today are more accepting of divorce than they were a century ago.

Question 34

The U.S.Census Bureau defines the "family" as

A)people who live together.
B)people who engage in economic cooperation.
C)people living together who are linked by birth,marriage,or adoption.
D)people who consider themselves to be a family.

Question 35

The family is a social institution that is found in

A)most,but not all,societies.
B)about half of human societies in the world today.
C)high-income nations,but not in most low-income nations.
D)every society.

Question 36

More than half of people in the United States who divorce remarry,most within four years.

Question 37

Men are more likely to be killed by a spouse,partner,or ex-partner than women.

Question 38

Which of the following are typically traits of marriage?

A)a legal relationship
B)sexual activity and childbearing
C)economic cooperation
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 39

People include as "kin" others to whom they are linked by

A)ancestry.
B)marriage.
C)adoption.
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 40

A family composed of one or two parents and their children is called

A)a nuclear family.
B)an extended family.
C)a family of affinity.
D)a consanguine family.

Question 41

Typically,industrial societies make use of which of the following systems to trace ancestry?

A)bilateral descent
B)matrilineal descent
C)patrilineal descent
D)neolocality

Question 42

Celebrity couples that we see in the mass media illustrate the fact that

A)nuclear families have changed little in recent decades.
B)most people live in extended families.
C)families take many,diverse forms.
D)fewer and fewer people want to live in families.

Question 43

Matrilineal descent is typically found in which type of societies?

A)hunting and gathering,where women gather vegetation
B)horticultural,where women are the main food producers
C)industrial,where women enter the workplace
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 44

A social-exchange analysis of family life is likely to consider

A)how families keep society as a whole operating.
B)how families perpetuate social inequality.
C)how individuals select partners who offer about as much as they do to the relationship.
D)how families regulate sexual activity.

Question 45

In the United States,romantic love

A)is the reason most people expect to marry.
B)is not a very stable foundation for marriage.
C)may contribute to a high divorce rate.
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 46

In traditional regions of many lower-income countries,such as Sri Lanka,marriage

A)has little to do with romantic love.
B)is unknown.
C)is delayed until the people reach their thirties.
D)almost always ends in divorce.

Question 47

The incest taboo

A)exists only in industrial societies.
B)is found in all societies.
C)is found among all living species.
D)is defined the same way in all societies.

Question 48

David Popenoe's research suggests that the weakest families on Earth may be found in

A)the United States.
B)Japan.
C)Sweden.
D)Great Britain.

Question 49

The concept "patrilocality" refers to

A)rule of men over women.
B)a residential pattern by which a married couple lives near the husband's family.
C)a system of tracing descent through males.
D)a family composed of only males.

Question 50

To which region of the world would you travel if you wanted to visit many countries where the law permits polygamy?

A)Africa
B)North America
C)South America
D)Scandinavia

Question 51

The concept "endogamy" refers to marriage between

A)people of the same sex.
B)people of different social categories.
C)people of the same social category.
D)people related by birth.

Question 52

A system of marriage that unites one woman with two or more men is called

A)polygyny.
B)polygamy.
C)polyandry.
D)monogamy.

Question 53

A system of marriage that unites only two partners is called

A)polygyny.
B)polygamy.
C)polyandry.
D)monogamy.

Question 54

The concept "homogamy" means that

A)people marry because they benefit from being married.
B)women usually marry older men.
C)people marry others who are socially like themselves.
D)most marriages are based on romantic love.

Question 55

Social conflict and feminist theories explain that families perpetuate social inequality in U.S.society through

A)inheritance of private property.
B)encouraging patriarchy.
C)passing on racial and ethnic inequality.
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 56

Following structural-functional theory,the family

A)operates to perpetuate social inequality.
B)is important enough to be called the backbone of society.
C)encourages patriarchy.
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 57

Assume you were visiting a society in which people traced family ties only through women.This society would correctly be called

A)patrilocal.
B)matrilineal.
C)matrilocal.
D)polygynous.

Question 58

In today's high-income nations,children are

A)an economic asset.
B)an economic liability.
C)able to earn more than what parents spend to raise them.
D)leaving home to go to work earlier in life than ever before.

Question 59

According to the structural-functional approach,which of the following is counted among the tasks of the family?

A)socialization of the young
B)regulation of sexual activity
C)social placement
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 60

What is the effect of industrialization on the number of children in a typical family?

A)Families have more children.
B)Families have the same number of children.
C)Families have fewer children.
D)Families no longer care about how many children they have.

Question 61

Most people in the United States who divorce

A)remain single.
B)experience a rising standard of living.
C)remarry within five years.
D)have experienced family violence.

Question 62

The term "empty nest" refers to

A)families whose children have grown and left home.
B)women who choose to remain single.
C)women who marry,but choose to remain childless.
D)couples who are unable to have a child.

Question 63

Based on the text,which of the following categories of people are at greatest risk for divorce?

A)young people who marry after a short courtship
B)a couple facing a wanted and expected pregnancy
C)a couple whose parents never experienced divorce
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 64

Almost all adults who abuse children typically have what in common?

A)They are middle class.
B)They are women.
C)They were abused themselves as children.
D)They were married at a very young age.

Question 65

Compared to what it was a century ago,the U.S.divorce rate is now

A)about the same.
B)half what it was.
C)twice as high.
D)about three times higher.

Question 66

An important consideration leading many parents to limit the number of children they have is

A)the fear of an "empty nest" later on.
B)the high cost of raising children.
C)the approval of extended family members.
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 67

Which of the following are reasons for the rise in divorce rates in the United States?

A)rising individualism
B)romantic love often fades.
C)more women are less economically dependent on men
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 68

Describing the lives of working-class women,Lillian Rubin reported that the typical woman said she wanted a husband who

A)would confide in her.
B)was handsome.
C)had a steady job and was not violent.
D)was rich.

Question 69

Among American Indians who migrate from reservations to cities,a common pattern is

A)strong extended kinship.
B)a fluid,or changing,household.
C)starting to use kin terms for unrelated people who live together.
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 70

In the United States,family violence is

A)considered a private,family matter.
B)a serious,often criminal problem.
C)no longer considered a serious issue the way it was in past decades.
D)mostly harmful to men.

Question 71

Regardless of race,families headed by single women are

A)at high risk for poverty.
B)much larger than other family types.
C)much smaller than other family types.
D)likely to experience greater upward social mobility.

Question 72

Research shows that growing up in a single-parent family

A)is beneficial to children.
B)has no effect on children.
C)can disadvantage children.
D)is beneficial to boys,but harmful to girls.

Question 73

The most difficult transition in married life is typically

A)the birth of a first child.
B)the death of a spouse.
C)the last child leaving home.
D)retirement.

Question 74

Today's baby boomers are often called the "sandwich generation" because

A)of their love of fast food.
B)they do not easily mix family and work responsibilities.
C)their families rarely eat meals together.
D)they spend time caring for both children and aging parents.

Question 75

Patterns that describe many Latino families include

A)strong extended kinship.
B)rather conventional gender roles.
C)parental control over children's courtship.
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 76

In the United States,a recent trend involving parenting is that

A)women are having more children.
B)women are marrying earlier in life.
C)more adults are delaying having children or choosing to remain childless.
D)most men are now marrying before age twenty.

Question 77

The recent trend in racially mixed marriages has been

A)upward-the numbers are increasing.
B)stable-the numbers are holding steady.
C)downward-the numbers are falling.
D)rising in good economic times,and falling in bad economic times.

Question 78

Which of the following categories of the U.S.population has the greatest share of female-headed households?

A)Hispanics
B)African Americans
C)Asian Americans
D)white,non-Hispanics

Question 79

Jessie Bernard claimed that marriage

A)benefits women more than men.
B)benefits both women and men equally.
C)benefits men more than women.
D)is harmful to both women and men.

Question 80

In the United States,the average

A)four.
B)three.
C)two.
D)one.