Deck 21: Health and Medicine

Question 1

AIDS kills more people in the United States each year than various diseases caused by cigarette smoking.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Genital herpes is a curable sexually transmitted disease.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

From a sociological point of view,societies define "health" so that being healthy is sometimes a matter of having the same diseases as one's neighbors.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Social inequality affects a society's patterns of health.

Question 5

The World Health Organization claims more than half of all humanity suffers from illness caused by poverty.

Question 6

People with more money to spend are more likely to become obese.

Question 7

In much of the world,illness and poverty form a vicious circle,with each increasing the other.

Question 8

Over the course of the last century,an important health trend in the United States has been a rising death rate from infectious diseases.

Question 9

"Type A personalities," which are linked to masculinity,are harmful to human health.

Question 10

Diseases such as heart disease and cancer are the leading killers in low-income nations.

Question 11

As examples of changing conceptions of health and illness,fifty years ago,few people in the United States understood the dangers of cigarette smoking or excessive sun exposure.

Question 12

As a result of cigarette smoking,some 440,000 people in the United States die prematurely every year.

Question 13

Because of so many auto accidents,death rates among young people are much higher than they were a century ago.

Question 14

Social epidemiology is the study of how health and disease are distributed throughout a society's population.

Question 15

Cultural patterns define what is or is not healthy.

Question 16

Eating disorders are related to how our society defines success and attractiveness among women.

Question 17

About 20 percent of U.S.adults are overweight.

Question 18

In the United States,the infant mortality rate among low-income children is about the same as the rate for the children of the wealthy.

Question 19

Industrialization gradually led to dramatic improvements in human health.

Question 20

In the United States,people with higher incomes have a more positive assessment of their personal health than people with low incomes.

Question 21

Heterosexual sex cannot transmit AIDS.

Question 22

Approximately what percentage of U.S.adults is overweight?

A)24 percent
B)44 percent
C)64 percent
D)84 percent

Question 23

The acceptance of the scientific model of medicine in the United States was symbolized by the founding of the American Medical Association in 1847.

Question 24

Gonorrhea and syphilis can be cured with penicillin.

Question 25

Today's advanced medical technology has made the definition of death much clearer.

Question 26

About half of all physicians in the United States are women.

Question 27

Talcott Parsons developed the concept of the "sick role."

Question 28

Social-conflict analysis claims the profit motive enhances the quality of medical care in the United States.

Question 29

The role of government in providing medical care is greater in the United States than in other high-income nations.

Question 30

Holistic medicine seeks to change the focus of medical practice from treating symptoms of disease to preventing disease and promoting health.

Question 31

One criticism of the social-conflict analysis is that it minimizes the improvements in health care brought about by scientific medicine.

Question 32

Applying the sociological perspective,we see that the high rate of obesity in the United States reflects

A)bad personal choices people make about their lives.
B)cultural forces that encourage people to eat large amounts of unhealthy fast food.
C)our long history as a nation of people with poor health.
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 33

Advances in human genetics hold out promise to prevent disease but also raise ethical issues about how this technology should be used.

Question 34

The world region with the highest rate of HIV infection is the Middle East.

Question 35

The U.S.health care system is one example of the model called socialized medicine.

Question 36

About one month after being infected,most people with HIV begin to display symptoms.

Question 37

Active euthanasia refers to using a physician's services to bring about a patient's death.

Question 38

Parsons claimed that,to qualify for the sick role,a person must want to become healthy and act in ways to restore health.

Question 39

AIDS cannot be spread through sneezing.

Question 40

Social definitions have little to do with the reality of health and illness; these are simply medical conditions involving human biology.

Question 41

In poor nations around the world,about how many children die before they reach their first birthday?

A)1 in 20
B)1 in 10
C)1 in 100
D)1 in 50

Question 42

The greatest cause of death among young people in the United States today is which of the following?

A)cancer
B)stroke
C)accidents
D)kidney disease

Question 43

Which of the following is an example of a chronic illness?

A)influenza
B)cancer
C)accidents
D)pneumonia

Question 44

Advancing medical technology has attacked infectious disease in poor countries with what result?

A)Almost nothing: This technology has had little effect.
B)Populations have increased rapidly.
C)Birth rates have dropped to near zero.
D)Most children die earlier in life than ever before.

Question 45

Poor health in low-income nations reflects which of the following factors?

A)limited safe drinking water
B)limited access to medical personnel
C)the lack of a nutritious diet
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 46

Read the following statements about health in the United States.Which of the statements is correct?

A)The children of rich families have the best health in the world.
B)Children in poor families are as vulnerable as children in some low-income nations.
C)High-income people assess their own health more positively than low-income people.
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 47

Social epidemiology is the study of

A)the biological basis of disease.
B)the availability of doctors around the world.
C)the age at which people die.
D)the distribution of health and illness in a population.

Question 48

In Western Europe and North America,scientists began to understand the causes of infectious diseases at about what point in history?

A)1650
B)1750
C)1850
D)1950

Question 49

Ideas about health can serve as a type of social control,as illustrated by the notion that

A)women would risk their health by going to college.
B)a competitive way of life is "healthy."
C)homosexuality is "sick," even though it is biologically natural.
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 50

Society shapes human health because

A)cultural patterns define what is or is not healthy.
B)social inequality affects a population's health.
C)society's technology affects people's health.
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 51

Which of the following statements about gender and health is correct?

A)Women have a higher suicide rate than men.
B)Men have fewer accidents than women.
C)Women generally have better health than men.
D)Women are more likely to be victims of homicide.

Question 52

During the early decades of the Industrial Revolution

A)rapidly growing cities had poor sanitation.
B)factories fouled the air with smoke.
C)workplace accidents were common.
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 53

Which of the following diseases is the biggest killer in today's high-income nations?

A)heart disease
B)influenza
C)pneumonia
D)cholera

Question 54

In the United States,how does life expectancy of white people compare to that of black people?

A)It is about four years longer.
B)It is about the same.
C)It is about two years shorter.
D)It is about four years shorter.

Question 55

Research shows that masculinity is linked to health because

A)our culture's definition of masculinity encourages stress and heart disease.
B)men learn to be strong and avoid illness.
C)men avoid many of the lifestyle dangers common to women.
D)young men are less likely to be victims of homicide.

Question 56

Which of the following categories of the U.S.population has the highest life-expectancy?

A)white men
B)white women
C)African American men
D)African American women

Question 57

If you were to visit a low-income nation to study its high death rates,what would you find to be the most common causes of death?

A)cancer and heart disease
B)infectious diseases
C)accidents
D)old age

Question 58

According to the World Health Organization,about how many of the world's people suffer from serious illness caused by poverty?

A)1 million
B)10 million
C)1 billion
D)10 billion

Question 59

In the world's poorest nations today,life expectancy is as low as about

A)fifty years.
B)sixty years.
C)seventy years.
D)eighty years.

Question 60

Today,more than a century after the onset of the Industrial Revolution,there has been an increase in the share of deaths caused by which of the following?

A)infectious diseases such as influenza and pneumonia
B)chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer
C)infant deaths immediately following birth
D)workplace related accidents

Question 61

In which of the following nations is almost all medical care under the control of government?

A)China
B)Great Britain
C)Japan
D)the United States

Question 62

Scientific medicine typically develops in

A)pastoral societies.
B)agrarian societies.
C)industrial societies.
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 63

Which of the following is a factor contributing to widespread obesity in U.S.society?

A)fewer of today's jobs involve the physical labor common in the past
B)more work around the house is done by machines
C)the typical diet involves both more food and more salty and fatty food
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 64

Which of the following world regions is experiencing the most severe epidemic of AIDS?

A)Latin America
B)sub-Saharan Africa
C)the Middle East
D)eastern Asia

Question 65

Which of the following is considered a behavior placing people at high risk of HIV infection?

A)anal sex
B)sharing needles
C)using drugs that impair judgment
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 66

The rise of scientific medicine in the United States began about when?

A)1960,with advances in computer technology
B)1917,about the time of World War I
C)1890,as the rate immigration increased
D)1847,with the founding of the American Medical Association

Question 67

Upon infection,people with HIV

A)display obvious symptoms.
B)get very sick right away.
C)display no symptoms at all.
D)get mildly sick from time to time.

Question 68

Which of the following categories of people in the United States is especially likely to smoke cigarettes?

A)married people
B)divorced people
C)people with college degrees
D)people in the labor force

Question 69

Which of the following statements about the "right to die" is true?

A)Voters in Oregon approved a physician-assisted suicide law.
B)The U.S.Supreme Court has stated that there is no "right to die."
C)Physician-assisted suicide is legal in the Netherlands.
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 70

The greatest preventable cause of death in the United States is

A)sexually transmitted diseases.
B)automobile accidents.
C)cigarette smoking.
D)drinking alcohol.

Question 71

Which sexually transmitted disease infects 25 million U.S.adults

A)syphilis
B)genital herpes
C)gonorrhea
D)AIDS

Question 72

Research shows that college women believe

A)physical looks are less important than "what's inside."
B)being thin is key to being attractive.
C)they are thinner than men would like them to be.
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 73

The concept of "euthanasia" refers to

A)assisting in the death of a person suffering from a terminal illness.
B)people's legal "right to die."
C)providing medical treatment to seriously ill people.
D)providing medical assistance to those who cannot afford it.

Question 74

Of all high-income nations,which country relies the most on a direct-fee market system to pay for medical treatment?

A)Great Britain
B)Sweden
C)the United States
D)Japan

Question 75

An exception to the general decline of infectious diseases in the United States is the increase in ______ after 1960.

A)cancer
B)obesity
C)flu
D)sexually transmitted diseases

Question 76

What is the death toll in the United States each year caused by diseases related to being overweight?

A)1,200 people
B)12,000 people
C)112,000 people
D)12 million people

Question 77

Holistic medicine asserts that

A)the most important task is treating symptoms of disease.
B)patients should rely on themselves-not just physicians-to ensure their health.
C)treatment of patients should be impersonal.
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 78

In which region of the United States is the problem of obesity most widespread?

A)the West Coast
B)the Southwest
C)the South
D)the Northern Plains

Question 79

In the United States,the most widespread health problem related to eating is which of the following?

A)anorexia
B)bulimia
C)obesity
D)malnutrition

Question 80

It is correct to say that the medical establishment in the United States is oriented towards which of the following?

A)holistic treatment
B)herbal healing
C)traditional healing arts
D)scientific medicine