Deck 7: Water and Atmospheric Moisture

Question 1

In winter,freezing water can break pipes and even crack engine blocks.Why does this happen?

A)Water expands in volume as it freezes.
B)Ice is denser than water.
C)Water contracts as it cools and freezes.
D)It occurs because of the latent heat of fusion.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Water movement through the soil and water held in a cylindrical tube result from a common phenomenon.What is this phenomenon?

A)Barometric pressure.
B)Surface tension.
C)Capillary action.
D)Vacuum suction.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

When water freezes,what happens to its density?

A)It increases.
B)It decreases.
C)It remains the same as in the liquid state.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following phase changes of water is correctly matched?

A)Deposition: gas to liquid.
B)Vaporization: solid to gas.
C)Melting: solid to gas.
D)Condensation: gas to liquid.

Question 5

When water freezes,what happens to its volume?

A)It increases.
B)It decreases.
C)It remains the same as in the liquid state.

Question 6

Surface tension and capillarity are the result of which of the following?

A)Hydrogen bonding.
B)Gravitational attraction.
C)Magnetic bonding.
D)Molecular hold.

Question 7

Consider water cooling from room temperature to 4°C.Which of the following correctly pairs what happens to its volume and its density?

A)Contracts; increases.
B)Contracts; decreases.
C)Expands; increases.
D)Expands; decreases.

Question 8

Water molecules bind tightly to one another.This is a result of which of the following?

A)Hydrogen bonding.
B)Covalent bonding.
C)Atomic friction.
D)Molecular hold.

Question 9

The term deposition refers to which of the following?

A)Water freezing to ice.
B)Ice melting to water.
C)Vapour condensing into liquid.
D)Water vapour freezing to ice.

Question 10

Some insects can walk on water.This is possible because of which of the following?

A)Specific heat.
B)Kinetic energy.
C)Surface tension.
D)Capillarity.

Question 11

The movement of water throughout the atmosphere,hydrosphere,lithosphere,and biosphere is known as which of the following?

A)Biogeochemical cycle.
B)Hydroflux.
C)Capillary movement.
D)Hydrologic cycle.

Question 12

Which of the following phase changes decreases the temperature of the air?

A)Water to ice.
B)Ice to water.
C)Steam to water.
D)Steam to ice.

Question 13

What is the heat energy involved in the change of state,or phase,in water?

A)Mechanical heat.
B)Sensible heat.
C)Fusion heat.
D)Latent heat.

Question 14

The process of deposition in the atmosphere produces which of the following?

A)Rain.
B)Water vapour.
C)Frost.
D)Ice.

Question 15

Which of the following phase changes of water is correctly matched?

A)Sublimation-energy released.
B)Deposition-energy released.
C)Evaporation-energy released.
D)Melting-energy released.

Question 16

The latent heat of melting and the latent heat of freezing involve the absorption or release of how many calories per gram of water changing state?

A)80.
B)100.
C)540.
D)585.

Question 17

The ability of water to "climb" in a cylinder tube is an example of which of the following?

A)Barometric pressure.
B)Surface tension.
C)Capillary action.
D)Vacuum suction.

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the evaporation of water?

A)The phase change involves the latent heat of sublimation.
B)The phase change involves the latent heat of evaporation.
C)The phase change involves the latent heat of deposition.
D)The phase change involves the latent heat of condensation.

Question 19

The hydrogen bonding in water creates a cohesive force that enables one to slightly overfill a glass with water or allows denser objects,such as a lengthwise steel needle,to float on water.What is this known as?

A)Capillary action.
B)Surface tension.
C)Heat exchange.
D)Friction.

Question 20

Out of all the water present in Earth systems,which defines the amount that is stored in the atmosphere?

A)Less than 0.03%.
B)Approximately 2%.
C)A variable amount,but averaging 50%.
D)15%.

Question 21

The capacity of air for water vapour is primarily a function of which of the following for both the air and water vapour?

A)Density.
B)Volume.
C)Pressure.
D)Temperature.

Question 22

The phase changes water and other substances undergo are based on which of the following?

A)Gravitational energy stored within the electron orbitals of atoms.
B)The amount of motion of molecules and the strength of the bonds between them.
C)Nuclear fusion processes between atoms of a substance.
D)Nuclear fission processes between atoms of a substance.

Question 23

Which of the following occurs when the relative humidity is 100%?

A)Saturation.
B)Evaporation.
C)Sublimation.
D)Deposition.

Question 24

Which of the following best describes the density of pure ice?

A)It is greater than that of water.
B)It is less than that of water.
C)It is the same as water.
D)It is highly variable.

Question 25

Which of the following is water vapour in the atmosphere?

A)Water.
B)Deposition.
C)Sublimation.
D)Humidity.

Question 26

Which of the following defines relative humidity?

A)The amount of water vapour in the air compared to the normal amount.
B)The amount of moisture in the air relative to your own sensible feelings.
C)The amount of water vapour in the air relative to the water vapour capacity of the air.
D)A basically unused concept when it comes to weather topics.

Question 27

A mass of air always becomes saturated when it reaches which of the following?

A)Highest temperature of the day.
B)Lowest temperature of the day.
C)Specific humidity point.
D)Dew-point temperature.

Question 28

Most of the precipitation and evaporation on Earth takes place over which of the following?

A)Land masses.
B)Oceans.
C)Poles of the planet.
D)Ice caps and glaciers combined.

Question 29

In which of the following months would the relative humidity likely be the highest (assuming a Northern Hemisphere station)?

A)January.
B)March.
C)July.
D)September.

Question 30

The portion of air pressure exerted by water vapour is which of the following?

A)Vapour pressure.
B)Absolute humidity.
C)Psychrometer.
D)Dew-point.

Question 31

Which of the following best explains why water is a good solvent?

A)It expands when it freezes.
B)It has an asymmetrical charge distribution (one end is positive and the other negative).
C)It undergoes phase changes over a relatively narrow range of temperatures.
D)It is transparent.

Question 32

Which of the following best describes the cause for hydrogen bonding?

A)The hydrogen end of a water molecule is positively charged and the oxygen end is negatively charged.
B)The oxygen end of a water molecule is positively charged and the hydrogen end is negatively charged.
C)Nuclear fusion occurs between the ends of water molecules.
D)Water molecules experience a strong gravitational attraction to one another.

Question 33

Which of the following describes what happens to water and the air surrounding it when water condenses?

A)Water absorbs heat; air cools.
B)Water absorbs heat; air heats.
C)Water releases heat; air cools.
D)Water releases heat; air heats.

Question 34

Which describes the saturation vapour pressure as temperature increases?

A)It increases.
B)It decreases.
C)It remains constant.

Question 35

At saturation,the further addition of water vapour or a decrease in temperature results in which of the following?

A)Condensation.
B)Evaporation.
C)Freezing.
D)Sublimation.

Question 36

On a typical day,which of the following is associated with the point of highest relative humidity?

A)The time of the highest temperature.
B)The time of the lowest temperature.
C)Solar noon.
D)Dusk.

Question 37

When temperatures are below freezing,the temperature at which air becomes saturated leading to the formation of frost is which of the following?

A)Dew-point.
B)Frost point.
C)Absolute humidity.
D)Relative humidity.

Question 38

Which of the following phase changes decreases the temperature of the air?

A)Water to ice.
B)Ice to water.
C)Steam to water.
D)Steam to ice.

Question 39

As temperature increases,which of the following describes what happens to the amount of energy available for evaporation?

A)It increases.
B)It decreases.
C)It remains constant.

Question 40

If the amount of water vapour in the air remained constant,but the air temperature increased throughout the day,which of the following describes what would happen to relative humidity?

A)It would increase.
B)It would decrease.
C)It would remain constant.

Question 41

Which of the following normally would be true of the humidity above the hot,moist,tropical rain forests of the world?

A)The specific humidity would be low.
B)The relative humidity would be high.
C)The saturation vapour pressure would be low.
D)The evaporation rate would be high.

Question 42

If a kilogram of air at 20°C has a specific humidity of 7.5 g • kg-1,the relative humidity is which of the following?

A)25%.
B)50%.
C)75%.
D)100%.

Question 43

Which is a parcel of air,with less than 100% relative humidity,that is rising because of heat energy derived from the surface?

A)Stable.
B)Unstable.
C)Conditionally unstable.

Question 44

A large difference in temperature between a wet bulb and a dry bulb on a sling psychrometer indicates which of the following?

A)That the air is cooling by adiabatic expansion.
B)That the relative humidity is high.
C)That substantial evaporation is occurring from the wet bulb.
D)That substantial condensation is occurring on the wick.

Question 45

Which is the dry adiabatic rate (DAR)?

A)6 C° per 1000 m.
B)The rate used for a saturated parcel of air.
C)A term that refers to the temperature decrease in the still,calm air that surrounds a moving air parcel.
D)10 C° per 1000 m.

Question 46

The point where saturation begins in a rising air parcel is which of the following?

A)The dry adiabatic rate.
B)The moist adiabatic rate.
C)The lifting condensation level.
D)Cloud condensation nuclei.

Question 47

Which of the following is a humidity measure that remains constant as temperature and pressure change,and which is expressed as a mass of water vapour per mass (g • kg-1)of air?

A)Specific humidity.
B)Vapour pressure.
C)Relative humidity.
D)The dew-point.

Question 48

Which of the following would be true of the humidity above the hot,dry,subtropical deserts of the world during the daytime?

A)The specific humidity would be very low.
B)The relative humidity would always be high.
C)The saturation vapour pressure would be low.
D)The evaporation rate would be low.

Question 49

Assuming the amount of water vapour remains constant,which of the following describes how specific humidity is affected by a temperature increase?

A)It will increase.
B)It will decrease.
C)It will have no effect on.
D)It will increase until the dew-point is met,then decrease.

Question 50

Which of the following is indicated if the saturation vapour pressure increases while the amount of water vapour in the air remains constant?

A)The temperature had increased.
B)The temperature had decreased as a result of the loss of heat energy.
C)The air was cooling by expansion.
D)The air was stagnant.

Question 51

Which of the following would cause the evaporation rate to decrease?

A)Increased water availability.
B)Increased relative humidity.
C)Increased temperature.
D)Increased wind speed.

Question 52

Which of the following describes the condition of the air when the environmental lapse rate is between the dry and moist adiabatic lapse rates?

A)Adiabatically stable.
B)Stability.
C)Conditionally unstable.
D)Unstable.

Question 53

As the temperature difference between the wet bulb and dry bulb on a sling psychrometer decreases,which of the following describes the resulting change of moisture content of the air and the relationship between dew-point and air temperature respectively?

A)Drier; further the air temperature is from dew-point.
B)Drier; closer the air temperature is to dew-point.
C)Wetter; further the air temperature is from dew-point.
D)Wetter; closer the air temperature is to dew-point.

Question 54

Which of the following is used to measure relative humidity?

A)Aneroid barometers.
B)Hair hygrometers.
C)Anemometer.
D)Weather vane.

Question 55

Which of the following lists the two opposing forces determining the vertical position of a parcel of air?

A)Buoyant force and gravitational force.
B)Centrifugal force and coriolis force.
C)Coriolis force and buoyant force.
D)Gravitational force and pressure gradient force.

Question 56

When stable air is forced to lift as it passes over a mountain range,the air may become saturated and condensation may occur.In this case,which of the following is the air?

A)Stable.
B)Unstable.
C)Conditionally unstable.

Question 57

Air that is not saturated will cool or heat at which rate as it rises or descends?

A)10 C° per 1000 m.
B)6 C° per 1000 m.
C)6)4 C° per 1000 m.
D)4)5 C° per 100 km.

Question 58

Which of the following is the general term that refers to the tendency of a parcel of air to either remain in place or change its initial position?

A)Adiabatic.
B)Stability.
C)Conditional instability.
D)Stasis.

Question 59

As the temperature difference between the wet bulb and dry bulb on a sling psychrometer increases,which of the following describes the resulting change of moisture content of the air and the change in the relative humidity respectively?

A)Drier; higher.
B)Drier; lower.
C)Wetter; higher.
D)Wetter; lower.

Question 60

Which of the following describes an air parcel that is considered unstable?

A)It either remains as it is,or changes its initial position.
B)It continues to rise until it reaches an altitude at which the surrounding air has a similar temperature.
C)It resists displacement upward.
D)It descends at the dry adiabatic rate until it reaches the lifting condensation level.

Question 61

Condensation nuclei over the ocean consist primarily of which of the following?

A)Pieces of coral.
B)Minute fragments of sea shells.
C)Salt particles.
D)Clay particles.

Question 62

Which cloud type can indicate an oncoming storm,especially if they thicken and lower in elevation?

A)Fog.
B)Cumulus.
C)Stratocumulus.
D)Cirrus.

Question 63

Which of the following are clouds that have vertical development and produce thunderstorms?

A)Stratocumulus.
B)Cumulonimbus.
C)Nimbostratus.
D)Cumulus.

Question 64

How does the change in the wet adiabatic rate compare to the change in dry adiabatic rate and why does this occur?

A)Wet changes faster because condensation heats the air.
B)Wet changes faster because condensation cools the air.
C)Wet changes more slowly because condensation heats the air.
D)Wet changes more slowly because condensation cools the air.

Question 65

Which of the following is true regarding condensation nuclei?

A)Maritime air masses generally possess more nuclei per cubic meter than continental air masses.
B)Condensation nuclei is rare in urban environments.
C)Continental air masses average about a billion nuclei per cubic meter.
D)Continental air masses contain more than 10 times the condensation nuclei of maritime air masses.

Question 66

Cooling of a surface overnight that chills the air layer directly above that surface may form which of the following?

A)Advection fog.
B)Upslope fog.
C)Evaporation fog.
D)Radiation fog.

Question 67

Which of the following are the class of clouds composed of flat and puffy clouds with horizontal development?

A)Cumuliform.
B)Cirroform.
C)Stratiform.
D)Altoform

Question 68

Which of the following are the class of clouds composed of vertically developed puffy and globular clouds?

A)Cumuliform.
B)Cirroform.
C)Stratiform.
D)Altoform.

Question 69

If you visited Mount Marvel City (elevation 900 m)and found the outside air temperature to be 27°C,what would be the air temperature at the summit of Mount Marvel (elevation 4200 m)at that moment-assuming that the temperature conditions with altitude change at an average,or normal,lapse rate?

A)2°C.
B)48°C.
C)5)9°C.
D)10°C.

Question 70

Which of the following are correctly matched?

A)Flat or layered clouds - cumulus.
B)Puffy or globular clouds - cirroform.
C)Puffy or globular clouds - cumuliform.
D)Wispy clouds - water droplets.

Question 71

Which of the following is correctly matched?

A)Normal lapse rate-3.5°C • 1000 m-1.
B)Environmental lapse rate-6.4 C° • 1000 m-1.
C)Dry adiabatic rate-10 C° • 1000 m-1.
D)Moist adiabatic lapse late-15 C° • 1000 m-1.

Question 72

Which of the following are the class of clouds composed of high altitude wispy clouds made of ice crystals?

A)Cumuliform.
B)Cirroform.
C)Stratiform.
D)Altoform.

Question 73

Which of the following is true regarding cirrostratus clouds?

A)They are uniform,featureless,and grey like high fog.
B)The Sun's outline is just visible through these clouds.
C)They form a veil of ice crystals that creates a halo around the Moon or Sun.
D)They are sharply outlined,and billowy.

Question 74

Consider areas between 25° to 35° latitude in regions where the air is sinking.Which of the following names the area and explains the heat exchange?

A)Deserts because the sinking air is cooled by expansion.
B)Deserts because the sinking air is heated by compression.
C)Rain forests because the sinking air is cooled by expansion.
D)Rain forests because the sinking air is heated by compression.

Question 75

Which of the following is a middle-level cloud type?

A)Cirrostratus.
B)Stratocumulus.
C)Cumulonimbus.
D)Altostratus.

Question 76

A thunderstorm is associated with which type of clouds?

A)Cirrostratus.
B)Stratocumulus.
C)Cumulonimbus.
D)Altostratus.

Question 77

Which defines the prefix nimbo- and the suffix -nimbus?

A)Clouds that are generally forming.
B)Clouds that occur in the middle altitudes (2000-6000 m).
C)Clouds that are generally dissipating.
D)Clouds that are producing precipitation.

Question 78

Which of the following results in the difference between the dry adiabatic rate and the moist adiabatic rate?

A)The latent heat of condensation.
B)Less atmospheric pressure.
C)Altitudinal temperature differences.
D)The specific heat of water.

Question 79

Which of the following best describes a cloud?

A)Suspended raindrops that have not yet fallen under the force of gravity.
B)Aggregated condensation nuclei.
C)A visible aggregation of tiny moisture droplets and ice crystals suspended in the air.
D)Uniform featureless smoke lighter than the force of gravity.

Question 80

Assume a warm air parcel,at sea level,has a temperature of 21°C and begins to rise upward.Assume it becomes saturated at 1000 m altitude,and continues to rise to 2000 m altitude.What would the approximate temperature of the parcel be at an elevation of 2000 m?

A)1°C.
B)5°C.
C)8)2°C.
D)9°C.