Deck 4: World Economies

Question 1

The World Trade Organization (WTO) has given clear definitions for "developed" and "developing" countries.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

In some industries in the UAE, it is mandatory for companies outside the free-trade zone to have an Emirati sponsor or partner.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Companies from emerging markets should play an important role in the process of transition to the global emerging market, as they have a great deal of experience operating in conditions of non-developed economies.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

If a country has a large black, or underground, market for transactions, it will not be included in the official GDP.

Question 5

The economies of developing countries usually rely heavily on one or more key industries, often related to commodities like oil, minerals mining, or agriculture.

Question 6

The differences between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the wealthy industrialized countries are generally much smaller than those for the developing nations.

Question 7

A single language and a homogeneous cultural identity in Africa make it easier for advertisement companies to reach a wider audience with their ads.

Question 8

Africa serves as an attractive destination for investors because of its low trade tariffs and the untapped spending power of the African population.

Question 9

The German law guarantees free unregulated private enterprise.

Question 10

The total size of the economy is a better indicator of the strength of the local economy and the market opportunity for a new consumer product than the income per person.

Question 11

Developing countries enjoy benefits in some WTO Agreements such as longer transition periods before they are required to fully implement the agreement.

Question 12

Developed countries tend to have high human development index (HDI) rankings.

Question 13

The GDP per person adjusted for purchasing power helps professionals to evaluate what consumers in the local market can afford.

Question 14

In a country, if the per capita GDP adjusted for purchasing power is lower than the nominal per capita GDP, it implies that local consumers can afford more with their incomes.

Question 15

If a WTO member announces itself as a developing country it automatically means that it will benefit from the unilateral preference schemes of some of the developed country members.

Question 16

The greater the gender disparity in basic capabilities, the lower a country's GDI compared with its HDI.

Question 17

Companies selling expensive goods and services are more interested in economies with low per capita GDP.

Question 18

One of the peculiar features of the UAE is that expatriates outnumber the local citizens, or nationals.

Question 19

The per capita GDP can be misleading because actual costs in each country differ.

Question 20

In the WTO, it is the preference giving country, which decides the list of developing countries that will benefit from schemes such as the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP).

Question 21

_____ examines the extent to which women and men are able to actively participate in economic and political life and take part in decision-making.

A)Gross domestic product (GDP)
B)Gender-related development index (GDI)
C)Gender empowerment measure (GEM)
D)Human poverty index (HPI)
E)Purchasing power parity(PPP)

Question 22

Gender empowerment measure (GEM) refers to the index that:

A)takes note of inequality in achievement between women and men.
B)uses indicators of the most basic dimensions of deprivation, i.e.a short life, lack of basic education, and lack of access to public and private resources.
C)evaluates the progress in advancing women's standing in political and economic forums.
D)measures the economic value of the total number of man hours spent by women in doing household chores.
E)makes an estimate of the number of women per thousand men living in a country at a particular point of time.

Question 23

The United States imports about 30 percent of its oil, despite its own massive reserves because:

A)Americans consume more than what they can produce.
B)Americans reroute their imported oil to other nations at a higher cost.
C)the quality of oil produced in their reserves is substandard.
D)the quantity of oil produced in their reserves is negligible.
E)it is cheaper to export import oil than to extract it from the oil reserves.

Question 24

Gross domestic product per person refers to:

A)the total GDP divided by the population of the country.
B)the nominal per capita GDP of a country in a particular year.
C)the value of the GDP adjusted for purchasing power.
D)an economic theory that adjusts the exchange rate between countries to ensure that a good is purchased for the same price in the same currency.
E)the measurement of a country's average achievements in health, knowledge, and a decent standard of living.

Question 25

Chinese economic statistics are often regarded with a degree of skepticism, as it is unclear as to where the numbers have originated from or how they have been derived.

Question 26

A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates refers to:

A)the value of the GDP divided by the population of the country.
B)the value of all the goods and services produced by a country in a single year.
C)the value of the GDP adjusted for purchasing power.
D)a country's average achievements in health, knowledge, and standard of living.
E)the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States.

Question 27

Human development index refers to:

A)the value of the GDP divided by the population of the country.
B)the value of all the goods and services produced by a country in a single year.
C)the value of the GDP adjusted for purchasing power.
D)the index that adjusts the exchange rate between countries to ensure that a good is purchased for the same price in the same currency.
E)the measurement of a country's average achievements in health, knowledge, and a decent standard of living.

Question 28

In 1979 China instituted economic reforms, which benefitted only the urban centers and relegated the local provinces to further poverty and neglect.

Question 29

India has become the global hub for outsourcing in the computer-programming industry with its skilled, relatively cheap, and English-speaking professional workforce.

Question 30

_____ refers to giant corporate holding companies in Japan, which were dismantled after World War II.

A)Sokaiya
B)Nemawashi
C)Keiretsu
D)Chaebol
E)Zaibatsu

Question 31

One of the primary purposes of the EU was:

A)to establish a common financial denomination for the whole world.
B)to bar non-European countries from trading with the European countries.
C)to transform Europe and Asia into a single political and administrative unit.
D)to create a single market for business and workers accompanied by a single currency, the euro.
E)to use it as a platform to further Europe's military and political goals.

Question 32

Per capita gross domestic product refers to:

A)the value of the GDP divided by the population of the country.
B)the value of all the goods and services produced by a country in a single year.
C)the value of the GDP adjusted for purchasing power.
D)an economic theory that adjusts the exchange rate between countries to ensure that a good is purchased for the same price in the same currency.
E)the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States.

Question 33

Human poverty index (HPI) refers to the index that:

A)makes an estimate of the number of rural poor as compared to the urban poor.
B)uses indicators of the most basic dimensions of deprivation, i.e.a short life, lack of basic education, and lack of access to public and private resources.
C)evaluates the progress in advancing women's standing in political and economic forums.
D)measures the economic value of the total number of man hours spent by women in doing household chores.
E)makes an estimate of the number of women per thousand men living in a country at a particular point of time.

Question 34

Political unrest, poverty, and corruption remain persistent challenges to sustained and consistent economic growth in the African continent.

Question 35

_____ refers to a market in which prices steadily drop, in a downward cycle.

A)Currency market
B)Bull market
C)Labor market
D)Commodity market
E)Bear market

Question 36

Gender-related development index (GDI) refers to the index that:

A)measures achievement in the same basic capabilities as the HDI does but takes note of inequality in achievement between women and men.
B)uses indicators of the most basic dimensions of deprivation, i.e.a short life, lack of basic education, and lack of access to public and private resources.
C)evaluates the progress of women in political and economic forums.
D)measures the economic value of the total number of hours spent by women in doing household chores.
E)measures the number of women per thousand men living in a country at a particular point of time.

Question 37

_____ refers to a market in which prices rise for a prolonged period of time.

A)Currency market
B)Bull market
C)Labor market
D)Commodity market
E)Bear market

Question 38

Purchasing power parity refers to:

A)the value of the GDP divided by the population of the country.
B)the value of all the goods and services produced by a country in a single year.
C)the value of the GDP adjusted for purchasing power.
D)an economic theory that adjusts the exchange rate between countries to ensure that a good is bought for the same price in the same currency.
E)the measurement of a country's average achievements in health, knowledge, and a decent standard of living.

Question 39

_____ refers to the value of all the goods and services produced by a country in a single year.

A)Gross domestic product per person
B)Human development index
C)Purchasing power parity
D)Gross domestic product
E)Per capita gross domestic product

Question 40

The early 1980s saw the gradual transition of the Chinese economy from a centrally planned economy toward a market-driven economy.

Question 41

"Fourth World" was a term coined after World War II which referred to:

A)the unknown nations (cultural entities) of indigenous peoples living within or across national state boundaries.
B)the states that aligned with neither the democratic-industrial countries nor with the communist-socialist states.
C)the Eastern bloc of the communist-socialist states.
D)the bloc of democratic-industrial countries within the American influence sphere.
E)the bloc of nations that had been colonial powers and wielded a great deal of economic and political power.

Question 42

Glasnost refers to the:

A)Soviet Union's policy of openness and candor.
B)Soviet Union's restructuring of the economy and political system.
C)Soviet Union's efforts to preserve the positive elements of socialism.
D)Soviet Union's policy of establishing trade blocs with Communist countries.
E)Soviet Union's policy of nationalizing the private banks.

Question 43

_____ refers to a group of companies in Japan with interlocking financial and nonfinancial relationships.

A)Sokaiya
B)Nemawashi
C)Keiretsu
D)Chaebol
E)Zaibatsu

Question 44

_____ refers to people who have acquired substantial wealth in one generation (i.e., new money).

A)De nouveaux fond
B)Nouvelle robe
C)Nouveau riche
D)Nouvelle maison
E)Nouvelle économie

Question 45

_____ refers to the fund bank started by Antoine van Agtmael wherein funds were to be used to invest in the shares of the developing countries.

A)Strategic Climate Fund
B)Third-World Equity Fund
C)Combined Services Third World Fund
D)International Monetary Fund
E)World Bank

Question 46

Perestroika refers to the:

A)Soviet policy of disallowing trade in consumer durables with multinational companies based in the United States.
B)establishment of trade blocs in Europe and according the MFN status to the members of the Soviet Union.
C)takeover of the Soviet economic and financial system by the European Union.
D)recommendations of the American financial experts in the Soviet Union's political as well as economic sphere.
E)restructuring of the economy and political system of the Soviet Union that preserved some of the more positive elements of socialism.

Question 47

Nigeria pulled out of the IMF program in 2002 because:

A)the economic and political elite of Nigeria wanted an independent economy unregulated by the whims and fancies of the IMF.
B)the developed countries of the world pressed for its ouster on charges of massive violation of human rights by the Nigerian military dictatorship.
C)it failed to meet the economic reform requirements, specifically failing to meet spending and exchange rate targets.
D)it refused to accord the MFN status to the rest of the members of the IMF as it did to South Africa which was a violation of IMF statutes.
E)it insisted on additional loans from the IMF even though it was defaulting on the repayment of the earlier loans.

Question 48

CIVETS refers to:

A)the group of newly emerging economies which proposes to set up a rival economic organization as an answer to the WTO.
B)the group of newly emerging economies which has replaced the United States of America as the largest economy in the world.
C)the group of newly emerging economies which will replace the BRIC countries of the last decade.
D)the group of newly emerging economies which is working towards establishing Asian supremacy in organizations such as the IMF.
E)the group of newly emerging economies whose economic growth is driven largely by oil and zero tariff tax havens.

Question 49

Which of the following countries has the largest agricultural base in the world?

A)China
B)Brazil
C)India
D)United States of America
E)Japan

Question 50

"Second World" was a term coined after World War II which referred to:

A)the unknown nations (cultural entities) of indigenous peoples living within or across national state boundaries.
B)the states that aligned with neither the democratic-industrial countries nor with the communist-socialist states.
C)the Eastern bloc of the communist-socialist states.
D)the bloc of democratic-industrial countries within the American influence sphere.
E)the bloc of nations that had been colonial powers and wielded a great deal of economic and political power.

Question 51

Which of the following is true for Japan?

A)Japan has the largest agricultural base in the world.
B)Japanese business is difficult to penetrate due to its keiretsu nature.
C)Japan is the world's largest single country economy.
D)Japan has abundant mineral and energy resources.
E)Japan relies heavily on imports of rice, which is its main staple.

Question 52

_____ refers to the benefit that a company gains by entering into a market first or introducing a new product or service before its competitors.

A)Search retargeting
B)Lead indicators
C)First-mover advantage
D)Holding Power
E)Global start-up benefit

Question 53

The Soziale Marktwirtschaft refers to Germany's:

A)constitutional law.
B)EU membership status.
C)trade partnerships.
D)economic system.
E)right to free enterprise.

Question 54

_____ drive(s) the German economy, representing 72.3 percent (in 2009) of the total GDP.

A)Manufacturing
B)Services
C)Agriculture
D)Mining
E)Retail trade

Question 55

The _____ refers to the Basic Law of Germany, which guarantees private enterprise and private property.

A)Gesetz
B)Grundgesetz
C)Marktwirtschaft
D)Steuer
E)Schutzmann

Question 56

"First World" was a term coined after World War II which referred to:

A)the unknown nations (cultural entities) of indigenous peoples living within or across national state boundaries.
B)the states that aligned with neither the democratic-industrial countries nor with the communist-socialist states.
C)the Eastern bloc of the communist-socialist states.
D)the bloc of democratic-industrial countries within the American influence sphere.
E)the bloc of nations that had been colonial powers and wielded significant economic and political power.

Question 57

Which of the following is true of the Apartheid system?

A)It refers to an official policy of economic isolation of the countries ruled by dictators by the United Nations.
B)It refers to an official policy of racial segregation that was practiced in South Africa against anyone who was not white.
C)It refers to an official policy of ostracization of the socially disadvantaged groups in the United States of America.
D)It refers to an official policy of economic isolation of the countries averse to economic reforms by the World Trade Organization.
E)It refers to an official policy of economic exploitation of the developing countries by the International Monetary Fund.

Question 58

The _____ is responsible for establishing, coordinating, and regulating specific industry policies and targets in Japan.

A)Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism
B)Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare
C)Ministry of Finance
D)Ministry of International Trade and Industry
E)Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications

Question 59

"Third World" was a term coined after World War II which referred to:

A)the unknown nations (cultural entities) of indigenous peoples living within or across national state boundaries.
B)the states aligned with neither the democratic-industrial countries nor with the communist-socialist states.
C)the Eastern bloc of the communist-socialist states.
D)the bloc of democratic-industrial countries within the American influence sphere.
E)the bloc of nations that had been colonial powers and wielded a great deal of economic and political power.

Question 60

The "Iron Triangle" in Japan refers to the tight relationship among:

A)Japanese politicians, bureaucrats, and big business leaders.
B)Japanese farmers, bureaucrats and big business leaders.
C)Japanese politicians, bureaucrats, and the legal system.
D)Japanese politicians, legal system, and farmers.
E)Japanese legal system, bureaucrats, and big business leaders.

Question 61

What role did the zaibatsu play that led to the emergence of Japan as one of the strongest economies of the world?

Question 62

What is referred to as the "the lost decade" of Brazil?

Question 63

The "License Raj" in India refers to:

A)an intricate system of financial control through currency devaluation and reduction in the cash reserve ratio.
B)an intricate system of economic governance through increasing privatization and economic decentralization.
C)an intricate system of economic development through low taxes and zero custom duties.
D)an intricate system of government economic control through permits and quotas.
E)an intricate system of economic development through high exports and limited imports.

Question 64

Which of the following was true of the Real Plan implemented by Brazil in 1994?

A)It emphasized the need for a strong currency, strict limits on government spending, and an opening up of the economy.
B)It led to a period of high inflation and plunging growth rates, which forced the government to declare economic bankruptcy.
C)It tried to boost the economy by encouraging unrestricted imports and banning exports.
D)It tried to boost the economy by allowing the takeover of the coffee and sugar plantations by European multinational companies.
E)It emphasized the need for undervalued interest rates and heavy government spending on public infrastructural projects.

Question 65

The "lost decade" refers to that period in Brazil in the 1980s when:

A)it plunged into chaos and civil war, which pushed back its economic growth by a decade.
B)it plunged into a period of runaway inflation and negative growth rates.
C)it plunged into a period of economic ruin when it was denied the benefits of globalization due to an economic boycott.
D)it plunged into a period economic mayhem when unbridled capitalism ruined its agrarian economy.
E)it plunged into a period of economic disaster in the form of an ill-planned attempt at establishing a centrally controlled economy.

Question 66

Jim O'Neill coined the term _____, which refers to the group of four countries that are presently considered the hubs of economic and financial growth.

A)NAFTA
B)BRIC
C)CIVETS
D)NATO
E)OPEC

Question 67

UAE has one of the most culturally diverse workforces in the world.Comment.

Question 68

General Secretary _____ was the first leader of the Soviet Union to end repressive political controls control on the media and the Russian culture in his efforts to implement a policy of glasnost.

A)Eduard Shevardnadze
B)Mikhail Gorbachev
C)Boris Yelstin
D)Leonid Brezhnev
E)Yuri Andropov

Question 69

Economic reforms in the 1990s privatized most industry in Russia, with notable exception in the _____ sector.

A)textiles
B)media
C)defense
D)agriculture
E)education

Question 70

The _____ focused on improving farming techniques, increasing mechanization, and irrigating as well as introducing high-yielding seeds in India.

A)White Revolution
B)Blue Revolution
C)Green Revolution
D)Yellow Revolution
E)Orange Revolution

Question 71

What was the effect of the apartheid system on the South African economy?

Question 72

What are the areas where emerging economies share common features?

Question 73

Why does HDI provide a more comprehensive view of a country's development compared to the GDP?

Question 74

What was the Real Plan that was launched by the Brazilian government in 1994?

Question 75

What are the observable changes in the South African business sector in the post-apartheid era?

Question 76

The much criticized _____ initiated by the Russian government as part of the economic reforms in the 1990s, turned over major state-owned firms to politically connected 'oligarchs.'

A)economic assistance scheme
B)pyramid selling scheme
C)loans-for-shares scheme
D)cap and trade scheme
E)advance fee scheme

Question 77

An economic model where the market forces work in conjunction with state ownership and intervention is commonly referred to as:

A)"a socialist market economy with Venezuelan characteristics."
B)"a socialist market economy with Russian characteristics."
C)"a socialist market economy with Cuban characteristics."
D)"a socialist market economy with Indian characteristics."
E)"a socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics."

Question 78

What economic measures were taken by the Indian government to ward off the ignominy of defaulting on its foreign debt?

Question 79

"Poverty is not a measure of income alone." Elaborate.

Question 80

The economic turbulence of the post-Gorbachev period led to the Yeltsin government instituting a series of economic measures.One of them was to galvanize the economy by:

A)scrapping military expenditure and diverting money to fund economic reforms.
B)encouraging unrestricted imports and banning exports.
C)allowing the takeover of the Russian industries by the western multinational companies.
D)reducing state interference in the private sector.
E)reducing barriers to free trade.