Deck 15: Psychological Therapies

Question 1

In areas where terrible earthquakes or other natural disasters have occurred, there is often an increase in reported cases of ________. Some researchers are finding that virtual reality exposure therapy has helped with the treatment of these problems.

A) posttraumatic stress disorder
B) major depression
C) schizophrenia
D) panic disorder
Chapter 15 - Quick Quiz 2

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Carl Rogers's person-centered approach is considered ________ because the client actually does all the real work, with the therapist merely acting as a sounding board.

A) directive
B) nondirective
C) behavioral
D) cognitive

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Rational emotive therapy is a type of ________ therapy.

A) insight
B) cognitive-behavioral
C) psychoanalytic
D) humanistic

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is a barrier to effective therapy when the cultural backgrounds of the client and therapist are different?

A) language
B) gender
C) age
D) clothing

Question 5

According to Sigmund Freud, the ________ of the dream refers to the client's memory of the things, people, and events in the dream.

A) manifest content
B) free association
C) latent content
D) resistance

Question 6

Gestalt therapy is considered ________ because the therapist leads the client through a number of planned exercises as well as confronts the client's statements.

A) directive
B) nondirective
C) behavioral
D) cognitive

Question 7

Allen, who has a drug addiction problem, is MOST likely to be successfully treated by ________.

A) psychoanalysis
B) family therapy
C) behavior therapy
D) Gestalt therapy

Question 8

Bilateral anterior cingulotomy has been performed in cases of ________ that have not responded to other therapy techniques.

A) antisocial personality disorder
B) major depression
C) schizophrenia
D) panic disorder
Chapter 15 - Quick Quiz 1

Question 9

Therapy that depends on identifying and changing distorted thinking and unrealistic beliefs is ________ therapy.

A) cognitive
B) psychoanalytic
C) behavior
D) person-centered

Question 10

A goal of family therapy is to ________.

A) change the needs of individual family members
B) improve family communication and interaction
C) identify and treat the person in the family who is the source of the majority of the family's problems
D) teach family members to remain neutral on sensitive issues

Question 11

The process of learning through the observation and imitation of others is called ________.

A) modeling
B) free association
C) voyeurism
D) flooding

Question 12

________ therapies have had considerable success in treating many types of disorders, including depression, stress disorders, eating disorders, anxiety disorders, and even some types schizophrenia.

A) Humanistic
B) Psychoanalytic
C) Biomedical
D) Cognitive and cognitive-behavioral

Question 13

The most important aspect of successful psychotherapy is the ________ between client and therapist.

A) therapeutic alliance
B) transference
C) mindfulness
D) authenticity

Question 14

Lulu sees a professional once a month to manage the medication she is taking to help alleviate the symptoms of her anxiety disorder. The type of therapy Lulu is undergoing is called ________.

A) psychotherapy
B) psychopharmacology
C) physical therapy
D) electroconvulsive shock therapy

Question 15

Modern psychoanalysts differ from traditional Freudian psychoanalysts in that they focus on the ________ as a motivating force of behavior, and they favor ________ their patients.

A) id; face-to-face discussions with
B) ego; face-to-face discussions with
C) id; sitting behind and passively listening to
D) ego; sitting behind and passively listening to

Question 16

Eye-movement desensitization reprocessing is primarily used for treatment of ________.

A) schizophrenia
B) post-traumatic stress disorder
C) depression
D) bipolar disorder

Question 17

Therapies aimed mainly at understanding one's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are referred to as ________.

A) action therapies
B) insight therapies
C) biomedical therapies
D) relationship therapies

Question 18

An advantage to group therapy is that groups ________.

A) are a source of social and emotional support
B) allow countertransference to occur
C) bestow unconditional approval on group members
D) allow an extremely shy person to feel more comfortable speaking up

Question 19

Gary takes antipsychotic drugs to control the symptoms of schizophrenia. After taking the drug for some time, he begins exhibiting repetitive, involuntary jerks and movements of his face, lips, and legs. Gary is showing signs of ________.

A) savant syndrome
B) tardive dyskinesia
C) a clozapine overdose
D) neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Question 20

The use of learning techniques to modify or change undesirable behavior and increase desirable behaviors is called________.

A) behavior modification
B) empty chair technique
C) reflection
D) selective thinking

Question 21

Lulu sees a professional once a month to manage the medication she is taking to help alleviate the symptoms of her anxiety disorder. The type of therapy Lulu is undergoing is called ________.

A) psychotherapy Incorrect. Psychotherapy involves talking things out with a professional.
B) biomedical therapy Correct. Biomedical therapy uses medical procedures and medications.
C) physical therapy
D) electroconvulsive shock therapy TOPIC: Treatment of Psychological Disorders: Past to Present

Question 22

You are a contestant on Jeopardy! and it's your turn. You say, "I'll take 'History of Therapies' for $100." The answer is, "He began the movement for humane treatment of the mentally ill." The smile on your face reveals the confidence you have as you say ________.

A) "Who was Sigmund Freud?" Incorrect. Freud was the founder of psychoanalysis; he did not found the movement for humane treatment for the mentally ill.
B) "Who was Carl Rogers?"
C) "Who was Philippe Pinel?" Correct. In France, Pinel began the movement of humane treatment of the mentally ill in 1793.
D) "Who was Abraham Maslow?" TOPIC: Treatment of Psychological Disorders: Past to Present

Question 23

William is interested in helping his client change his maladaptive behavior. He is most likely to be a(n) ________ therapist.

A) action Correct. Action therapy emphasizes changing behavior.
B) insight Incorrect. Insight therapy emphasizes understanding one's motives and actions.
C) biomedical
D) relationship TOPIC: Treatment of Psychological Disorders: Past to Present

Question 24

Therapies aimed mainly at understanding one's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are referred to as ________.

A) action therapies Incorrect. Action therapy emphasizes changing behavior.
B) insight therapies Correct. Insight therapy emphasizes understanding one's motives and actions.
C) biomedical therapies
D) relationship therapies TOPIC: Treatment of Psychological Disorders: Past to Present

Question 25

A client lies on a couch with the therapist sitting out of sight behind the client. The therapist gets to know the client's problems through free association, resistance, and transference. This is an example of ________ therapy.

A) psychoanalytic Correct. Psychoanalysis utilizes free association and transference.
B) behavior
C) person-centered Incorrect. Person-centered therapy does not utilize free association or transference.
D) rational emotive TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 26

________ is a type of insight-oriented therapy.

A) Cognitive-behavioral treatment
B) Psychopharmacology
C) Transference Incorrect. The analysis of transference is a technique of psychoanalysis, not its own type of therapy.
D) Psychoanalysis Correct. The goal of psychoanalysis is to gain insight into the conflicts in one's own unconscious.
TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 27

Emily is a psychologist who believes that many psychological difficulties are the result of unconscious conflicts of which a client is unaware. Emily most likely endorses which type of therapy?

A) cognitive-behavior
B) cognitive
C) psychoanalysis Correct. Assessing conflicts that exist between the different parts of our personality would be a goal of psychoanalytic psychotherapy.
D) person-centered Incorrect. The person-centered therapy of Carl Rogers would not concern itself with things like the id, ego, and superego.
TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 28

The kind of therapy that uses biological treatments such as medication, surgical methods, and electrical shock treatments to bring about changes in the person's disordered behavior is called ________.

A) psychotherapy Incorrect. Psychotherapy involves talking things out with a professional.
B) biomedical therapy Correct. Biomedical therapy uses medical procedures and medications.
C) physical therapy
D) electroconvulsive shock therapy TOPIC: Treatment of Psychological Disorders: Past to Present

Question 29

A therapist is interested in helping her client get a clearer understanding of his motives and actions. This therapist is most likely to be a(n) ________ therapist.

A) action Incorrect. Action therapy emphasizes changing behavior.
B) insight Correct. Insight therapy emphasizes understanding one's motives and actions.
C) biomedical
D) relationship TOPIC: Treatment of Psychological Disorders: Past to Present

Question 30

Lulu sees a therapist once a week. During her therapy sessions, she discusses issues and events that have impacted her life. Her therapist helps her to understand how these events and issues have affected her. The type of therapy Lulu is seeking is called ________.

A) psychotherapy Correct. Psychotherapy involves talking things out with a professional.
B) biomedical therapy Incorrect. Biomedical therapy uses medical procedures and medications.
C) physical therapy
D) electroconvulsive shock therapy TOPIC: Treatment of Psychological Disorders: Past to Present

Question 31

Shedrika uses a form of therapy that emphasizes revealing his clients' unconscious conflicts, urges, and desires, which he believes are the cause of his clients' disordered emotions and behavior. This therapist is most likely using ________.

A) behavior therapy Incorrect. Behavior therapy emphasizes changing learned behavior, not revealing unconscious issues.
B) psychoanalysis Correct. Psychoanalysis emphasizes unconscious conflicts, urges, and desires.
C) Gestalt therapy
D) systematic desensitization TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 32

________ formed a large part of Freud's psychoanalytic method.

A) Reflection
B) Empathy
C) Dream interpretation Correct. Freud believed repressed material surfaced in dreams.
D) Unconditional positive regard Incorrect. Unconditional positive regard is an attribute of Carl Rogers's theory, not Freud's.
TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 33

The first truly organized effort to house mentally ill persons began in England in the sixteenth century and took place at ________.

A) the Bicetre Asylum Incorrect. This was an asylum in Paris in the late 1700s.
B) Bethlehem Hospital Correct. The Bethlehem Hospital was the first to house mentally ill patients.
C) the Pinel Asylum
D) London General Hospital TOPIC: Treatment of Psychological Disorders: Past to Present

Question 34

Willamina is interested in helping her client get a clearer understanding of his motives and actions. She is most likely to be a(n) ________ therapist.

A) action Incorrect. Action therapy emphasizes changing behavior.
B) insight therapist Correct. Insight therapy emphasizes understanding one's motives and actions.
C) biomedical
D) relationship TOPIC: Treatment of Psychological Disorders: Past to Present

Question 35

The kind of therapy that involves talking things out with a professional is called ________.

A) psychotherapy Correct. Psychotherapy involves talking things out with a professional.
B) biomedical therapy Incorrect. Biomedical therapy uses medical procedures and medications.
C) physical therapy
D) electroconvulsive shock therapy TOPIC: Treatment of Psychological Disorders: Past to Present

Question 36

Psychoanalysis was a therapy technique designed by ________.

A) Alfred Adler
B) Carl Rogers Incorrect. Rogers developed person-centered therapy.
C) Fritz Perls
D) Sigmund Freud Correct. Freud was the founder of the therapy technique of psychoanalysis.
TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 37

Omar is currently undergoing psychoanalysis. His therapist asks him to keep a journal by his bed and write down his dreams immediately upon awakening. Omar brings his journal to therapy and discusses his dreams with his therapist. Omar's therapist is attempting to do which of the following?

A) uncover repressed material Correct. Freud believed repressed material surfaced in dreams.
B) facilitate positive transference Incorrect. Positive transference refers to the client's transfer of positive feelings about his or her parents onto the therapist.
C) create resistance within the client
D) facilitate unconditional positive regard TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 38

Which of the following is a key component of Freud's theory of psychoanalysis?

A) cognition
B) empathy
C) dream interpretation Correct. Freud believed repressed material surfaced in dreams.
D) unconditional positive regard Incorrect. Unconditional positive regard is an attribute of Carl Rogers's theory, not Freud's.
TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 39

The major goal of insight therapies is to give people ________.

A) feedback from their biologically controlled responses
B) help in understanding perceptual processes Incorrect. Insight therapies emphasize understanding one's motives and actions.
C) basic training in observational learning and practice
D) a clearer understanding of their feelings, motivations, and actions Correct. Insight therapies emphasize understanding one's motives and actions.
TOPIC: Treatment of Psychological Disorders: Past to Present

Question 40

Therapies directed at directly changing disordered or inappropriate behavior are referred to as ________ therapies.

A) action Correct. Action therapy emphasizes changing behavior.
B) insight Incorrect. Insight therapy emphasizes understanding one's motives and actions.
C) biomedical
D) relationship TOPIC: Treatment of Psychological Disorders: Past to Present

Question 41

Person-centered therapy is a type of ________ therapy.

A) insight Correct. Person-centered therapy is an insight therapy.
B) behavior
C) cognitive Incorrect. Person-centered therapy is an insight therapy.
D) reality TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 42

Psychodynamic and person-centered therapies are very different therapeutic approaches. Which of the following is a major difference between the two therapies?

A) Psychodynamic focuses on revealing unconscious conflicts and desires, while person-centered focuses on potential to change behavior. Correct. Psychodynamic focuses on revealing unconscious conflicts and desires, while person-centered focuses on potential to change behavior.
B) Psychodynamic is based on Rogers's work, while person-centered is based on Freud's work.
C) Psychodynamic uses empathy, while person-centered uses interpretation. Incorrect. This is a backwards statement, because person-centered therapy uses empathy while psychodynamic therapy uses interpretation.
D) Psychodynamic is short-term therapy, while person-centered is long-term therapy. TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 43

The psychoanalytic patient who lets his or her thoughts flow without interruption or fear of negative criticism from her therapist is using ________.

A) dream interpretation
B) positive transference Incorrect. Positive transference refers to the client's transfer of positive feelings about his or her parents onto the therapist.
C) regression
D) free association Correct. Free association occurs when the client talks freely about anything that comes to mind.
TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 44

Levi's therapist is using interpersonal therapy. What would be the goal of Levi's therapy sessions?

A) to help Levi understand how his moods and behaviors are impacted by his relationships Correct. The goal of IPT is to understand the relationship between one's moods, behaviors, and relationships.
B) to uncover Levi's unconscious anxiety and motives Incorrect. This statement would be applicable to psychoanalysis or psychodynamic therapy.
C) to assist Levi in the process of self-actualization
D) to address the bad thoughts that Levi is experiencing and replace them with good thoughts TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 45

According to Freud, the ________ of the dream refers to the hidden, symbolic meaning of the dream, which, if correctly interpreted, reveals the unconscious conflicts that created the nervous disorder.

A) manifest content Incorrect. Manifest content refers to the client's memory of the things, people, and events in the dream, not the hidden meaning of the dream.
B) free association
C) latent content Correct. Latent content refers to the underlying meaning of the dream.
D) resistance TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 46

Which of the following individuals would be considered a good candidate for psychoanalysis?

A) Mary, who is extremely withdrawn
B) Kaleem, who suffers from a severe psychotic disorder Incorrect. People with severe psychotic disorders are less apt to benefit from psychoanalysis.
C) Pasha, who is unable to verbally express her thoughts and feelings
D) Lou, who suffers from anxiety Correct. People who have anxiety disorders often benefit from psychoanalysis.
TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 47

Modern psychoanalysts differ from traditional Freudian psychoanalysts in that they focus on the ________ as a motivating force of behavior, and they favor ________ their patients.

A) id; face-to-face discussions with Incorrect. Modern psychoanalysts focus on the ego.
B) ego; face-to-face discussions with Correct. Modern psychoanalysts focus on the ego and prefer face-to-face discussions.
C) id; sitting behind and passively listening to
D) ego; sitting behind and passively listening to TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 48

Although this type of psychotherapy has its origins in the psychodynamic school of thought, it is NOT considered a true psychodynamic therapy because it combines humanistic and cognitive-behavioral interventions.

A) Wolpian therapy Incorrect. Joseph Wolpe developed the behavioral intervention of systematic desensitization, but it is not called Wolpian therapy.
B) Gestalt therapy
C) interpersonal therapy Correct. IPT is considered a truly eclectic therapy but is not thought of as a psychodynamic approach.
D) rational emotive therapy TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 49

In interpreting a dream, a psychoanalyst would attempt to discover the dream's ________ content.

A) latent Correct. Latent content refers to the underlying meaning of the dream.
B) manifest Incorrect. Manifest content refers to the client's memory of the things, people, and events in the dream, not the hidden meaning of the dream.
C) symbolic
D) psychological TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 50

________ is credited with developing person-centered therapy.

A) Sigmund Freud
B) Carl Rogers Correct. Rogers designed person-centered therapy, which is sometimes called client-centered therapy.
C) Albert Ellis Incorrect. Ellis designed rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT).
D) Aaron Beck TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 51

Which of the following individuals would be LEAST likely to benefit from psychoanalysis?

A) Mary, who has a somatoform disorder
B) Kaleem, who suffers from a severe psychotic disorder Correct. People with severe psychotic disorders are less likely to benefit from psychoanalysis than are people who suffer from somatoform or anxiety disorders.
C) Pasha, who has panic attacks
D) Lou, who suffers from anxiety Incorrect. People who have anxiety disorders often benefit from psychoanalysis.
TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 52

According to Sigmund Freud, when you awaken in the morning and remember a dream, you recall the dream's ________.

A) latent content Incorrect. Latent content refers to the underlying or hidden meaning of the dream, not the actual content of the dream.
B) deep meaning
C) surface meaning
D) manifest content Correct. Manifest content refers to the client's memory of the things, people, and events in the dream.
TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 53

Edward starts to worry about telling his therapist about his drinking. He is afraid that the therapist will get mad at him as his mother used to. Edward has started relating to his therapist as he related to his mother. Edward is experiencing ________.

A) transference Correct. Transference refers to the patient's important relationships in their life being "transferred" onto the therapist.
B) countertransference
C) catharsis
D) resistance Incorrect. Resistance refers to active efforts by a patient to block the forward movement of the psychotherapy.
TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 54

Free association is a technique used in ________ therapy.

A) psychoanalytic Correct. Free association is a technique used in psychoanalysis.
B) rational emotive
C) person-centered Incorrect. Free association is a technique used in psychoanalysis, not in person-centered therapy.
D) Gestalt TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 55

As Celine begins to reveal more and more of her innermost thoughts and feelings to her psychodynamic therapist, she begins to feel good about him, as well as accepted by him. She develops a sense of trust, particularly because he does not criticize her. What process is occurring?

A) unconditional positive regard Incorrect. Unconditional positive regard is a concept from Rogers's client centered therapy, not Freud's psychoanalysis.
B) insight
C) rationalization
D) transference Correct. Transference refers to the patient's important relationships in their life being "transferred" onto the therapist.
TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 56

After many sessions of psychodynamic therapy, Dan at some point becomes reluctant to talk about a certain topic, by either changing the subject or becoming silent. Dan is experiencing ________.

A) resistance Correct. Freud called it resistance when a client started to block the forward movement of the therapy.
B) a Freudian slip Incorrect. This is not a correct definition of a Freudian slip, which is when we say things that we did not consciously intend to say.
C) a Freudian trip
D) interpretation TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 57

Steve is 21 years old and has never gone on a date. His parents are concerned and take him to see a therapist. The therapist tells Steve to lie down on the couch and relax. The therapist sits behind Steve and asks him to say whatever comes into his head. Steve eventually talks about his fear of women, which leads him to think about his early experiences with women: his mother, her friends, his teachers, and so on. Steve is using ________.

A) counterconditioning Incorrect. Steve is using free association, where he is encouraged to talk about anything that comes to mind; counterconditioning is a technique used to replace an old conditioned response with a new one.
B) pole-shifting
C) free association Correct. Free association occurs when the patient talks freely about anything that comes to mind.
D) the empty chair technique TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 58

Joe has been undergoing psychoanalysis for several months. Over the past few weeks, he has become unwilling to talk about his relationship with his father and becomes uncomfortable when thoughts of him enter his mind during therapy. What process would the therapist say is occurring?

A) insight
B) reactance
C) resistance Correct. Psychoanalysts believe that when the topic of the conversation gets uncomfortably close to disturbing repressed material, the patient may become less willing to talk, in a phenomenon called resistance.
D) transference Incorrect. In transference, patients displace their feelings about their parents onto the therapist.
TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 59

According to Sigmund Freud, the ________ of the dream refers to the actual dream and its events.

A) manifest content Correct. Manifest content refers to the client's memory of the things, people, and events in the dream.
B) free association
C) latent content Incorrect. Latent content refers to the underlying meaning of the dream.
D) resistance TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 60

During free association, a patient may become unwilling to talk about certain topics. What term would a psychoanalyst use to describe this change in the patient's willingness to verbalize?

A) insight
B) reactance
C) resistance Correct. Psychoanalysts believe that when the topic of the conversation gets uncomfortably close to disturbing repressed material, the patient may become less willing to talk, in a phenomenon called resistance.
D) transference Incorrect. In transference, patients displace their feelings about their parents onto the therapist.
TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 61

What is a primary goal of the therapist in person-centered therapy?

A) to facilitate transference
B) to eliminate the client's undesirable behaviors
C) to provide unconditional positive regard Correct. The primary goal of the therapist in person-centered therapy is to provide unconditional positive regard.
D) to help the client become more aware of his or her own feelings Incorrect. Helping clients become more aware of their feelings is the primary goal of Gestalt therapists, not person
Centered therapists.
TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 62

Expressing empathy, developing discrepancy between a client's present behaviors and values, rolling with resistance, and supporting a client's self-efficacy were the four original pillars of ________.

A) motivational interviewing Correct. These are the major foundations of motivational interviewing.
B) rational emotive therapy Incorrect. These are the major foundations of motivational interviewing.
C) person-centered therapy
D) contingency contracting TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 63

Gestalt therapy is considered ________, often confronting clients about the statements they have made. Instead of simply reflecting back clients' statements, a Gestalt therapist uses a number of planned experiences to help clients become more aware of their own feelings.

A) directive Correct. The Gestalt therapist is directive by confronting the client and leading the client through planned exercises.
B) nondirective Incorrect. The Gestalt therapist is directive by confronting the client and leading the client through planned exercises.
C) behavioral
D) cognitive TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 64

Which type of therapy emphasizes the importance of an authentic and empathetic therapist?

A) psychoanalytic Incorrect. These are the main emphases of person-centered therapy.
B) person-centered Correct. These are the major emphases of person-centered therapy.
C) cognitive-behavior
D) cognitive TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 65

What did Carl Rogers view as a cause of most personal difficulties?

A) reinforcement of maladaptive behavior patterns
B) unrealistic modes of thought employed by many people
C) mismatch between an individual's ideal self and real self Correct. Rogers believed the closer the match between a person's ideal and real selves, the happier the person.
D) unresolved unconscious conflicts occurring between the id and superego Incorrect. Freud, not Rogers, viewed unresolved unconscious conflicts between the id and superego as the cause of
Personal problems.
TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 66

According to Carl Rogers, the ________ is how people think they should be.

A) ideal self Correct. Ideal self is Rogers's term for the person someone thinks he or she should be.
B) real self Incorrect. Real self is Rogers's term for the person someone thinks he or she actually is.
C) ego
D) id TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 67

According to Carl Rogers, the ________ is how people see their actual traits and abilities.

A) ideal self Incorrect. Ideal self is Rogers's term for the person someone thinks he or she should be.
B) real self Correct. Real self is Rogers's term for the person someone thinks he or she actually is.
C) ego
D) id TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 68

The therapist's feeling of respect and affection for the client that exists without any strings attached, no matter what the client may say or do, is called ________.

A) conditions of worth
B) empathy Incorrect. Empathy is defined as acknowledging and understanding clients' feelings.
C) catharsis
D) unconditional positive regard Correct. Unconditional positive regard is defined as having respect and affection for the client regardless of what the client may say or do.
TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 69

Judy's therapist listens to her without interruption and judgment. She creates a warm, accepting, and uncritical atmosphere. Her therapist is demonstrating ________.

A) reflection
B) genuineness Incorrect. Genuineness is honesty and authenticity.
C) unconditional positive regard Correct. Warmth and respect without conditions attached are key components of unconditional positive regard.
D) nondirective countertransference TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 70

The person-centered therapist must show a genuine, open, and honest response to the client. This is called ________.

A) empathy
B) resistance
C) authenticity Correct. Showing a genuine, open, and honest response to the client is referred to as authenticity.
D) unconditional positive regard Incorrect. Unconditional positive regard is defined as having respect and affection for the client regardless of what the client may say or do.
TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 71

Gestalt therapy was developed based on the work of ________.

A) Lazarus
B) Wolpe
C) Rogers Incorrect. Rogers is the founder of person-centered therapy. Fritz Perls founded Gestalt.
D) Perls Correct. Fritz Perls is the founder of Gestalt therapy.
TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 72

Graham listens to Maria's statements and then restates what he feels is Maria's message and describes her emotions. What type of therapy is Dr. Graham practicing?

A) behavior
B) cognitive
C) psychoanalytic Incorrect. Reflection, or restating what the client says, is not an approach typically used by psychoanalysts.
D) person-centered Correct. Person-centered therapists restate what their clients say.
TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 73

Imagine if Sigmund Freud were to go to Carl Rogers for therapy. Freud's major complaint is depression due to distress over the lack of positive response to his theories. What is Rogers most likely to say during their session?

A) "You seem troubled by the reaction to your work." Correct. In restating Freud's complaint rather than interpreting the statement, Rogers uses his technique called reflection that involves repeating whatever the client says using slightly different words.
B) "Let's focus on your relationship with your father."
C) "Why do you think that everyone must appreciate your work?" Incorrect. Asking someone to analyze their own thought process is an approach a cognitive therapist would use, not
One that Rogers would use.
D) "Say the first thing that comes to your mind; don't censor anything because I want to know what is truly on your mind." TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 74

Which of the following is a key component of Rogers's person-centered therapy?

A) cognition
B) resistance
C) dream interpretation Incorrect. Dream interpretation is a key component of Freud's therapy, not Rogers's.
D) unconditional positive regard Correct. Unconditional positive regard is a key component of Carl Rogers's perspective.
TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 75

Which of the following does humanistic therapy emphasize?
A) errant thought processes Incorrect. Errant thought processes would be a focus of cognitive therapy.

A) the unconscious
B) individual choices Correct. Humanistic therapy emphasizes the importance of the choices made by individuals and the potential to change one's behavior.
D) the empty-chair technique TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 76

Your friend tells you that he sees a Gestalt therapist. You ask him to describe what might happen in one of his therapy sessions. Which of the following is his most likely answer?

A) "I am asked by the therapist to relax and meditate."
B) "During the session, I sometimes talk to an empty chair." Correct. Gestalt therapists sometimes ask clients to talk to an empty chair as a way of finishing unfinished business.
C) "The therapist asks me to describe the details of the dreams I have had recently." Incorrect. Psychoanalysts, not Gestalt therapists, focus on dreams.
D) "The therapist evaluates the factual basis of my statements to identify logical inconsistencies." TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 77

Carl Rogers's person-centered approach is considered ________ because the client actually does all the real work with the therapist merely acting as a sounding board.

A) directive Incorrect. The person-centered approach is nondirective in that the therapist allows the client to direct the conversation.
B) nondirective Correct. The therapist acts primarily as a sounding board, while the client directs the conversation.
C) behavioral
D) cognitive TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 78

What is a major goal of the Gestalt therapist?

A) to facilitate transference
B) to eliminate the client's undesirable behaviors
C) to provide unconditional positive regard Incorrect. Providing unconditional positive regard is the primary goal of person-centered therapy, not Gestalt.
D) to help clients become more aware of their own feelings Correct. A major goal of Gestalt therapists is to help clients become more aware of their feelings.
TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 79

________ therapies have been used not only to treat mental disorders but also to help people make career choices, deal with workplace problems, and counsel married couples.

A) Humanistic Correct. Humanistic therapies have been used in a wide variety of ways, including career and marriage counseling.
B) Psychoanalytic Incorrect. Psychoanalytic therapies are primarily used to treat nonpsychotic adjustment disorders, not for career or marriage counseling.
C) Biomedical
D) Biological TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches

Question 80

The person-centered therapist has to be able to acknowledge and understand what the client is feeling and experiencing. This process is referred to as ________.

A) conditions of worth
B) empathy Correct. Empathy is defined as acknowledging and understanding the client's feelings and experiences.
C) catharsis
D) unconditional positive regard Incorrect. Unconditional positive regard is defined as having respect and affection for the client regardless of what the client may say or do.
TOPIC: Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches