Deck 5: Verbal Messages

Question 1

All of the following are disconfirming behaviors EXCEPT

A) making no nonverbal contact.
B) jumping to interpretation or evaluation.
C) asking questions.
D) interrupting.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of polarization?

A) "This room is either burning up or freezing each day when we arrive."
B) "Which of the amendments are you voting for?"
C) "The patient's temperature was rising and falling dramatically."
D) "This class is wonderful."

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a theory of how gender differences develop?

A) Gender differences are due to inequalities in social power.
B) Gender differences are due to innate biological differences.
C) Gender differences are due to different patterns of socialization.
D) All of the above are theories of how gender differences develop.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of how "messages are packaged?"

A) saying "I love you" while grimacing
B) shaking your head while you say "no"
C) posting a photo and a comment on Facebook
D) all of the above are examples

Question 5

In expressing praise, keep all the following in mind EXCEPT

A) use I-messages.
B) use abstract terms.
C) take culture into consideration.
D) name the behavior you're praising.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of indiscrimination?

A) "Bill Jonsen is just like the rest of them: lazy and uneducated."
B) "I don't want Barbara Jones on the city council."
C) "I don't like Bill Jonsen because of the way he treated my father."
D) "Barbara Jones and Bill Jonsen are lazy and uneducated."

Question 7

"White", "Native American" and "Woman" are examples of

A) cultural identifiers.
B) reference groups.
C) ethnicities.
D) polarizing language.

Question 8

Each of us wants to be viewed positively. This is known as maintaining ____________

A) negative face.
B) positive face.
C) politeness.
D) self-enhancement.

Question 9

The objective description of a word, on which most people would agree, is known as a word's _____________________.

A) connotation
B) denotation
C) definition
D) dictionary entry

Question 10

Intensional orientation is the tendency to

A) describe the world in terms of extremes or polar opposites.
B) view the world in the way it is talked about or labeled.
C) describe the world in terms that deny constant change.
D) group unique individuals or items because they are covered by the same term or phrase.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT an example of metacommunication?

A) Adding a smiley at the end of a text message.
B) Saying, "We need to talk about how we've been arguing so much lately."
C) Winking to show you aren't really serious when you say something that sounds serious.
D) Asking questions to show you are listening to the other person.

Question 12

A communication pattern in which you ignore a person's presence and his or her communication is _____________________

A) confirmation.
B) rejection.
C) disconfirmation.
D) indiscrimination.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT true about criticism and praise?

A) Phrase criticism more ambiguously; it will hurt less.
B) Use "I messages" to own your thoughts and feelings.
C) Try to state criticism positively, if at all possible.
D) Take culture into consideration when criticizing.

Question 14

Which of the following is FALSE?

A) "Gay" is the preferred term to refer to a man who has an affectional preference for another man.
B) "Lesbian" is the preferred term for a woman who has an affectional preference for another woman.
C) "Lesbian woman" is redundant.
D) The term "sexual preference" is preferable to "sexual orientation."

Question 15

Static evaluation is the tendency to

A) describe the world in terms of extremes or polar opposites.
B) view the world in the way it is talked about or labeled.
C) describe the world in terms that deny constant change.
D) group unique individuals or items because they are covered by the same labels.

Question 16

_____________________ is a verbal or mental subscript that identifies each individual in a group as an individual, even though all members of the group may be covered by the same label.

A) Allness
B) Index
C) Et cetera
D) Dating

Question 17

A reminder that every statement is inevitably incomplete should be marked with

A) index.
B) "et cetera."
C) a date.
D) an evaluation.

Question 18

Which of the following is FALSE?

A) "Inuk" is preferred to "Eskimo."
B) "American Indian" or "Native American" is preferred to "Indian."
C) "Hispanic" is used to refer to anyone who identifies himself or herself as belonging to a Spanish-speaking culture.
D) "Chicana" and "Chicano" are preferred over "Mexican American."

Question 19

Which of the following are "purr words?"

A) "You are the greatest!"
B) "She's such a loser."
C) "He's a pig."
D) "They are such idiots!"

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE?

A) "Lady" is positively evaluated by many because it connotes the stereotype of the prim and proper woman.
B) Ma'am is understood as a term of respect regardless of culture.
C) "Elder" or "senior citizen" is preferred to "older person."
D) "Hispanic" refers to anyone who identifies as belonging to a Spanish-speaking culture.

Question 21

Cultural identifiers are static and well understood by all; you can use them without fear of offending anyone.

Question 22

Saying, "That is a very interesting haircut" instead of saying you don't like it is an example of what kind of lie?

A) equivocation
B) exaggeration
C) substitution
D) omission

Question 23

Studies on politeness have shown all of the following EXCEPT

A) women's speech is more polite than men's speech.
B) men use more indirect statements when making requests than women do.
C) cultures differ in how they define politeness.
D) indirect statements can be viewed positively or negatively.

Question 24

All of the following are examples of disconfirming terms EXCEPT

A) "firefighter."
B) "little old man."
C) "woman doctor."
D) "male nurse."

Question 25

Saying you were at the library when you were really at a bar is a lie in the form of minimization.

Question 26

Which type of lie is meant to protect yourself?

A) pro-social
B) self-enhancement
C) selfish
D) anti-social

Question 27

Which of the following is true about meaning?

A) Meaning is inherent in the materials that make up the world.
B) Words mean the same thing to everyone; that's how we can communicate.
C) You construct meaning from the world.
D) Meanings are not dependent on context.

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT true in regard to lying?

A) When one person lies, the likelihood of the other person lying increases.
B) People like people who tell the truth more than people who lie.
C) Many people view lying as common across communication contexts.
D) Lying can be intentional or unintentional.

Question 29

Which of the following messages is most direct?

A) I'd like to go to the movies. Do you want to go?
B) I'm so bored; I have nothing to do tonight.
C) Do you feel like eating pizza tonight?
D) You wouldn't want to go bowling, would you?

Question 30

"Policeman" and "fireman" are words that demonstrate

A) allness.
B) ethnocentrism.
C) polarization.
D) sexist language.

Question 31

Intensional orientation is the tendency to intentionally orient a person to your way of thinking and seeing the world.

Question 32

Which of the following is the least inclusive?

A) "religious scriptures"
B) "marriage"
C) "place of worship"
D) "couples therapy"

Question 33

All of the following are rules of netiquette EXCEPT

A) enter discussions immediately so you're contributing to the website.
B) avoid shouting, or TYPING IN ALL CAPS.
C) avoid flaming, or personally attacking other users.
D) keep from spamming, or sending unsolicited advertisements.

Question 34

Which of the following is an example of a pro-social deception?

A) Saying you make more money than you really do.
B) Lying about the fact you were fired from your last job.
C) Telling your friend she "looks fine" when you really think she doesn't.
D) Spreading a false rumor about a colleague in order to get him fired.

Question 35

Extensional orientation is the tendency to be guided by what we see happening rather than by the label for what is happening.

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the use of politeness?

A) Direct messages are more polite.
B) We have a desire to be viewed positively.
C) We have the desire to be autonomous.
D) It is influenced by personality and gender.

Question 37

If we assume that we know everything there is to know about something or someone, we fall into the pattern of misevaluation called allness.

Question 38

The _____________________ of a word is its subjective or emotional meaning.

A) connotation
B) formation
C) identification
D) denotation

Question 39

Which of the following is an example of ageism?

A) using words such as "old fogey" and "little old lady"
B) oversimplying your language when talking to an older person
C) avoiding direct eye contact with older people
D) all of the above are examples

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT true about politeness?

A) Politeness is a desirable trait across most cultures.
B) Cultures are similar in how they define politeness.
C) There are large gender differences in the expression of politeness.
D) Professional training influences politeness.

Question 41

Meanings are in words and gestures.

Question 42

Disconfirmation is the same as disagreeing with someone.

Question 43

Snarl words are received negatively regardless of context or culture.

Question 44

Using the word "church" is more inclusive than the phrase "place of worship."

Question 45

Discuss the four types of lies and give examples of each.

Question 46

At the campus learning center, Pat helped a student substitute for the following words in a paper: "lady," "sexual preference," "nonwhite," "Chicano," "Orientals," "senior citizen," and "Jews." What words might Pat have suggested?

Question 47

Verbal messages act independently of nonverbal messages.

Question 48

Snarl and purr words are denotative in meaning.

Question 49

Liars tend to speak faster and give more elaborate details than do people who are telling the truth.

Question 50

How can sexist language be avoided in conversation and in writing? Give two specific examples.

Question 51

It is accurate to say that we "receive meaning" from others.

Question 52

A useful antidote to indiscrimination is the index.

Question 53

Inferential statements are based on observations and your own conclusions.

Question 54

It is always preferable to use concrete language over abstract language.

Question 55

When praising someone, it is important to avoid "I statements."

Question 56

Polarization is often referred to as the fallacy of "either/or"; it is the tendency to look at the world and describe it in terms of extremes.

Question 57

Liars tend to have a higher vocal pitch and greater pupil dilation.

Question 58

What are five netiquette guidelines? Give a brief explanation for each.

Question 59

Discuss a word you hear often in terms of its denotative and connotative meaning. What are some other possible connotative meanings of the same word?

Question 60

Polarization is a relatively fixed mental picture of some group that is applied to each individual of the group without regard for his or her unique qualities.

Question 61

Bryan told his girlfriend that "he just wants to be friends now," meaning he doesn't want to see her anymore. She, however, assumed he meant that they would still hang out, but just as friends. Based on the principles of verbal messages in Chapter 5, explain how this misunderstanding could have taken place.