Deck 3: Perception and the Self in Interpersonal Communication

Question 1

Daydreaming in a class and not hearing what the teacher is saying until your name is called is an example of

A) selective attention.
B) selective exposure.
C) perceptual accentuation.
D) halo effect.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

All of the following are self-affirmations EXCEPT

A) I'm a worthy person but there's plenty of room for improvement.
B) I'm generally responsible and can be depended upon.
C) My sister is so much smarter than I will ever be.
D) I will do well on this test.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT an influence on the self-concept?

A) others' image of you
B) social comparisons
C) your own interpretations and evaluations
D) your genetic make-up

Answer 3

D

Question 4

H. Cooley's concept of the looking-glass self says that

A) you compare yourself to persons in groups you are with and see how you measure up.
B) significant others learn their self-concepts from your verbal and nonverbal messages.
C) you interpret and evaluate your own behavior.
D) your self-concept develops through looking at the image of yourself that others reveal to you.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT true in regard to self-esteem?

A) Seeking out nourishing people will enhance your self-esteem.
B) When you feel good about yourself you will perform better.
C) Setting high standards in all areas will enhance your self-esteem.
D) Selecting projects that will result in success will boost your self-esteem.

Question 6

Which one of the four selves represents truths about yourself that neither you nor others know?

A) hidden self
B) blind self
C) open self
D) unknown self

Question 7

Veronique mistook Callie's friendly attitude and politeness for genuine liking and friendship, perhaps because she was looking for a friend at that time. When you see what you want to see, this is called

A) perceptual accentuation.
B) overattribution.
C) the fundamental attribution error.
D) the self-serving bias.

Question 8

Kelvin is very open about his political views and discusses them with anyone who will listen. This is an example of information in his ______________________ self.

A) open
B) blind
C) hidden
D) assertive

Question 9

Which one of the four selves represents information you know about yourself but others do not.

A) hidden self
B) blind self
C) open self
D) unknown self

Question 10

You see a group of people physically close together and conclude they are friends or coworkers. This is the principle of _____________________

A) proximity.
B) similarity.
C) selective attention.
D) selective exposure.

Question 11

The perceptual process in which you're more influenced by what you sense first or last is ______________________

A) proximity and consensus.
B) Primacy-recency.
C) consensus and resemblance.
D) consistency and distinctiveness.

Question 12

To improve communication, work first on enlarging which of the following?

A) hidden self
B) blind self
C) open self
D) unknown self

Question 13

In _____________________ stage of the perceptual process, you create "cognitive tags."

A) organization
B) memory
C) recall
D) stimulation

Question 14

Reggie is well-dressed, friendly and on-time to his job interview. Therefore, the interviewer also assumes he is intelligent and capable. This is an example of the _____________________

A) self-serving bias.
B) self-fulfilling prophecy.
C) halo effect.
D) reverse halo effect.

Question 15

Which of the following about perception is FALSE?

A) Everyone relies on shortcuts.
B) We interpret the appropriateness of another person's actions based on our scripts.
C) What you remember is never objective.
D) Memory of ambiguous information is most reliable.

Question 16

Rubbing your nose when you get angry, having a peculiar body odor, fight strategies, and repressed experiences are all examples of the

A) hidden self.
B) blind self.
C) open self.
D) unknown self.

Question 17

Noxious people

A) criticize and find fault.
B) are positive and make you feel good about yourself.
C) employ constructive criticism.
D) praise and compliment.

Question 18

The extent to which you know yourself accurately is referred to as (the)

A) self.
B) self-concept.
C) self-esteem.
D) self-awareness.

Question 19

If you believe you're going to score an "A" on a test, you may start studying more, which in turn may lead to that high grade. This would exemplify the _____________________

A) pygmalion effect.
B) pollyanna effect.
C) implicit personality theory.
D) self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 20

Buying a car and then noticing numerous advertisements for the car is an example of

A) selective attention.
B) selective exposure.
C) proximity.
D) resemblance.

Question 21

In the _____________________, you take credit for the positive and deny responsibility for the negative.

A) self-serving bias
B) self-fulfilling prophecy
C) Pollyanna effect
D) Pygmalion effect

Question 22

"I know why she was late. That's just the kind of person she is" is an example of _____________________

A) a self-fulfilling prophecy.
B) the fundamental attribution error.
C) overattribution.
D) consistency.

Question 23

Which would NOT fit, using consistency theory?

A) I expect my friend to like my friend.
B) I expect my friend to dislike my enemy.
C) I expect my enemy to dislike my friend.
D) I expect my enemy to dislike my enemy.

Question 24

Expressions such as "I can understand why you're so angry," "It's okay to talk about fear," and asking if your phone call comes at a good time are all examples of _____________________

A) other-orientation.
B) overattribution.
C) the self-serving bias.
D) perception checking.

Question 25

Self-awareness is the extent to which you accurately know yourself.

Question 26

Which of the following affect impression management?

A) our nonverbal communication
B) our verbal communication
C) people we associate with
D) all of the above

Question 27

Your friend, Pat, was born into a wealthy family. Every time he succeeds in life, people claim it's due to his family's money. This would be an example of

A) a fundamental attribution error.
B) perceptual accentuation.
C) consistency.
D) overattribution.

Question 28

If the cause of a person's behavior is a personality trait of that person, then the cause is

A) external.
B) internal.
C) motivational.
D) environmental.

Question 29

Andre assumed Rachel worked at the hospital because she was dressed in scrubs. This is an example of the rule of

A) contrast.
B) similarity.
C) stereotyping.
D) proximity.

Question 30

A stereotype is a(n)

A) organized body of information about some action, event, or procedure.
B) type of schema.
C)
C) fixed impression of a group of people.
D) both b and

Question 31

The process of perceptual accentuation causes us to see what we want or expect to see.

Question 32

All of the following are suggestions about how to increase accuracy in interpersonal perception EXCEPT

A) increase cultural sensitivity.
B) check perceptions.
C) accept uncertainty.
D) analyze impressions.

Question 33

Self-handicapping strategies serve the purpose of

A) excusing failure.
B) confirming self-image.
C) securing help.
D) hiding faults.

Question 34

Laura was often late to work and didn't get along well with her supervisor. When the cash register came up 100.00 short, Laura was blamed. The _____________________ could be the reason she was accused.

A) halo effect
B) self-serving bias
C) reverse halo effect
D) fundamental attribution error.

Question 35

The self-concept, unlike other communication constructs, is rather independent of cultural influence.

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT an element of credibility?

A) competence
B) character
C) comprehension
D) charisma

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT true about the perception process?

A) It is a passive process.
B) It affects our communication choices.
C) It is the process by which we become aware of objects, events, and people through the senses.
D) It is an active process.

Question 38

It is unhealthy to use social comparisons to form your self-concept.

Question 39

In order, the stages of the perceptual process are

A) receiving, understanding, remembering, evaluating, and responding.
B) stimulation, interpretation-evaluation, organization, memory, and recall.
C) stimulation, organization, interpretation-evaluation, memory, and recall.
D) receiving, evaluating, understanding, remembering, and responding.

Question 40

The Johari window represents the four major components of self-awareness.

Question 41

Stereotyping includes phrases like "All women are. . ." or "All Baptists are. . ."

Question 42

Chris, while managing at Pizza Bob's, has recently become very depressed, and is interested in increasing his self-awareness. Briefly give Chris some suggestions.

Question 43

Picturing yourself scoring in a basketball game will make you less likely to score; you'll focus more on the picture and less on your performance.

Question 44

The tendency to infer that a person has many positive attributes based on the belief that he or she has some positive qualities is called the pygmalion effect.

Question 45

One rule of perception is that of proximity, or physical closeness. According to this theory, things that are physically close constitute a unit.

Question 46

After overcoming some initial anxiety, Pat is enjoying an intercultural exchange trip, but having trouble getting to know Mei, the host. Share some uncertainty reduction strategies with Pat.

Question 47

The unknown self represents information about you that is known to others, but not to you.

Question 48

The tendency to maintain balance among perceptions or attitudes is called congruency.

Question 49

The primacy-recency effect tends to heighten the accuracy of perception.

Question 50

To what extent do you subscribe to the self-destructive beliefs mentioned in the text? What can you do to reverse them?

Question 51

Research on the primacy-recency effect confirms the belief that first impressions don't really matter.

Question 52

Politeness in interpersonal communication refers to behavior that allows others to maintain both positive and negative face.

Question 53

You just learned about the Johari window, and your psychology teacher wants you to explain it to the class. Explain the window and give examples.

Question 54

The process of perception occurs in three continuous stages that blend into one another.

Question 55

A measure of how valuable you think you are is self-esteem.

Question 56

The self-serving bias leads us to take credit for the positive and to deny responsibility for the negative.

Question 57

We are more likely to remember information if it is consistent with our schema.

Question 58

Schemata are mental templates that are different for every individual.

Question 59

Define a self-fulfilling prophecy. In what ways might a self-fulfilling prophecy be positive or negative? How might you use the concept to your benefit?

Question 60

When Ron goes to eat dinner, he expects a server to bring a menu, take his drink order, take his dinner order, and then later bring the check. This is an example of a stereotype.

Question 61

We tend to use seven strategies to shape our image and put forth a good impression. Choose three of the seven and describe how you have used them in interpersonal communication.