Deck 3: The Civilization of Greece, 1000-400

Question 1

Members of the Greek aristocracy created networks of economic,political,and social influence through the practice of:

A)war.
B)guest friendship.
C)colonization.
D)multinational trade.
E)highly ritualized diplomatic meetings.

Answer 1

guest friendship.

Question 2

Hubris is _________,which was punished by the gods.

A)excessive pride
B)excessive wealth
C)excessive strength
D)excessive wrath
E)excessive beauty

Answer 2

excessive pride

Question 3

Those Greeks who were able to accumulate wealth during the chaotic,isolated period:

A)eventually emerged as the Greek aristocracy.
B)carefully avoided acts of piracy and military confrontation.
C)founded the first religious temples and rejected the "heroic ideal."
D)are known to historians today as "pre-Socratic" philosophers.
E)colonized the islands of the Aegean Sea.

Answer 3

eventually emerged as the Greek aristocracy.

Question 4

The relationship of the Archaic Greeks to their gods was:

A)one of trust and familial loyalty.
B)one of suspicion and appeasement.
C)an impersonal relationship that cultivated independence in the Greek people.
D)a personal relationship with gods who were considered to be positive forces in Greek culture and individual welfare.
E)ambivalent as the Greeks never completely accepted the existence of gods.

Question 5

The growing class of aristocrats at the end of the early age of Greece made their wealth by:

A)heavy taxation of the temples.
B)engaging in trade and commercial enterprises.
C)conquest and colonization.
D)exploiting the discovery of new silver mines in the highlands.
E)piracy and plundering the peasant class.

Question 6

The Iliad and the Odyssey:

A)are epic poems with no foundation in historical events.
B)provide evidence about early and Archaic Greece.
C)were composed in the Classical Period but were based on older,oral sources.
D)are the first examples of epic poetry from the ancient world.
E)are unquestionably based on the historical events of Mycenaean Greece.

Question 7

The Greek poleis were usually organized around the agora,which was the:

A)temple.
B)market.
C)main street.
D)port.
E)religious shrine.

Question 8

After hoplites were introduced in Greece,

A)the chaos of early Greece ended and the Age of Enlightenment began.
B)aristocrats lost their monopoly on military prowess.
C)foot soldiers could not withstand armed men on horses.
D)individual soldiers did not have to keep armor and weapons.
E)democracy became the type of government for all of Greece.

Question 9

The Greeks became literate again during the ninth century b.c.e.by adopting:

A)cuneiform script from the Assyrians.
B)Egyptian hieroglyphics.
C)the Phoenician alphabet.
D)the Hebrew alphabet.
E)the Etruscan alphabet.

Question 10

Although the history of Greece before the rise of the polis is largely undocumented and therefore difficult to study thoroughly,it seems clear that the:

A)population of mainland Greece rose steadily throughout the period.
B)early Greeks had no developed concept of heroic ideals or epic poetry.
C)early Greeks had little interest in religion or the gods.
D)early Greeks were living in a period of cultural isolation and economic stasis.
E)early Greeks traded extensively with the rest of the ancient world.

Question 11

The success of the phalanx in battle depended on:

A)the strength of the soldiers' shields.
B)the skill of their general.
C)the degree to which the soldiers worked together.
D)the bravery of the men at the rear.
E)the loud,terrifying screams of Greek soldiers as they went into battle.

Question 12

Every four years,the Olympic Games were held to honor:

A)Zeus.
B)Hera.
C)Jupiter.
D)Socrates.
E)Apollo.

Question 13

The best men or aristoi of early Greece modeled their behavior on:

A)the Babylonian military class.
B)wealthy Phoenician traders.
C)the heroes of the Iliad and the Odyssey.
D)the heroes of the Epic of Gilgamesh.
E)Persian soldiers.

Question 14

The Archaic Age of Greece begins with the emergence of the polis and the return of writing,but most of what we know of the period comes from the particular perspective of the:

A)Corinthians.
B)Spartans.
C)Thebans.
D)Athenians.
E)Persians.

Question 15

The Athenians used _____ to establish their cultural dominance over other Greeks.

A)architecture
B)farming
C)painting
D)writing
E)fighting

Question 16

The Greek polis was:

A)a collective group organized around an agora.
B)a well-armed militia of all adult men aged 21-60.
C)a central marketplace close to the harbor.
D)a protected area around the temple.
E)the highest fortified ground within a city.

Question 17

Since every polis needed hoplites,

A)production increased dramatically.
B)more athletic contests and public spectacles were required.
C)poleis were forced to grant more political power to them.
D)farmers suffered losses at their expense.
E)taxes needed to increase in order to arm them.

Question 18

By the sixth century b.c.e. ,the Greeks founded numerous colonies around the Mediterranean basin.The most historically significant colonies were located in:

A)France and North Africa.
B)Anatolia and Italy.
C)Syria and the Black Sea.
D)Egypt and Palestine.
E)the Levant and Mesopotamia.

Question 19

Male homosexuality was viewed by the Greeks as:

A)necessary to avoid unwanted pregnancies.
B)deviant behavior.
C)normal and socially beneficial.
D)corrupt and damaging to families.
E)acceptable only among lower-class men.

Question 20

Greeks visited this holy site to seek the advice of the Oracle:

A)The Parthenon.
B)Corinth.
C)Delphi.
D)Thessaloniki.
E)Santorini.

Question 21

The origins of Greek democracy can be identified,in part,in the rule of the Athenian aristocrat:

A)Areopagus.
B)Solon.
C)Drakon.
D)Hectares.
E)Peisistratos.

Question 22

Democracy originated in Greece from the idea of the demos,which literally means:

A)the mob.
B)neighborhood.
C)clan.
D)tribe.
E)family.

Question 23

Aristotle was critical of what would today be viewed as democracy,a government he referred to as:

A)oligarchy.
B)anarchy.
C)idiot rule.
D)mob rule.
E)lesser rule.

Question 24

Each year,in order to maintain order,the Spartans did which of the following?

A)Declared war on the helots
B)Sacrificed the oldest citizens in a religious ritual
C)Invaded a neighboring polis
D)Destroyed their temples
E)Celebrated the cult of Apollo

Question 25

Which sentence best describes the structure of the Spartan government circa 600 b.c.e.?

A)Sparta was organized and led by a core of military generals who were elected annually before the spring campaigns.
B)Sparta was ruled by a citizen assembly,a council of elders,and two kings.
C)Sparta was a democracy modeled after the government of its rival,Athens.
D)Sparta was ruled by a cadre of military officers.
E)Sparta was an oligarchy ruled by a small group of wealthy merchants.

Question 26

Sparta:

A)required all citizens to do manual labor in order to preserve equality between them.
B)depended on the enslaved labor of helots.
C)relied on an elite,professional,mercenary army.
D)relied on its navy for self-defense.
E)devoted itself to the arts and to the preservation of the culture of the past.

Question 27

Homosocial relationships between men of the aristocratic class in Ancient Greece were part of:

A)ritual religious practices.
B)a mentoring process for young men.
C)military bonding rituals.
D)a Greek movement to embrace more liberal sexual practices.
E)a protest to end the Peloponnesian War.

Question 28

Which of the following accurately describes the Spartans' view of diplomacy and trade?

A)They were highly skilled in foreign affairs.
B)They had no interest in commerce for fear that it would distract them from military pursuits.
C)They engaged in trade and diplomacy,but only with other city-states.
D)They were heavily involved in trade but had no talent for diplomacy.
E)They welcomed both trade and diplomacy as a way of increasing their power.

Question 29

Members of the Areopagus served for:

A)one year.
B)five years.
C)ten years.
D)until the age of 40.
E)for life.

Question 30

A Greek aristocrat who seized power and ruled outside the traditional constitutional framework was called a:

A)monarch.
B)demagogue.
C)hoplite.
D)tyrant.
E)philosopher king.

Question 31

The catalyst of the Persian Wars was:

A)the imperial concerns of the Persians.
B)a revolt instigated by the Ionian Greeks against the Persians.
C)the imperial concerns of the Greeks.
D)a dispute between Sparta and Athens that the Persians were asked to resolve.
E)the unprovoked invasion of Euboea by the Persians.

Question 32

A tyrant was often able to seize power because:

A)he was a wealthy aristocrat who was able to raise a private army.
B)he had the support of the aristocratic class.
C)he was a charismatic leader who had the support of the slave population.
D)he manipulated the machinery of government to concentrate power in his hands.
E)the hoplites supported him militarily.

Question 33

Darius believed that a preemptive strike against Athens and Eretria was necessary because:

A)Athens was planning to launch a military campaign against Persia.
B)Eretria,aided by Athens,had instituted a government unfavorable to the Persians.
C)Athens and Eretria had executed Persian citizens who were residing in their poleis.
D)Greek poleis in Asia Minor could always revolt against Persia when they could look for support in this endeavor from Athens,Eretria,and other Greek poleis.
E)Athens,aided by Eretria,had instituted a government unfavorable to the Persians.

Question 34

The decisive Greek military victory over the Persians at Salamis was won by the:

A)Athenian fleet.
B)Spartan phalanx.
C)Greek hoplites.
D)diplomatic efforts of Themistocles.
E)Theban Sacred Band.

Question 35

The Delian League became a policy tool of which Greek polis?

A)Sparta
B)Corinth
C)Athens
D)Miletus
E)Thebes

Question 36

During the Persian invasion of Greece in 480 b.c.e. ,Themistocles persuaded his fellow Athenians to:

A)invade and attack Persian settlements deep within Anatolia.
B)abandon naval defensive schemes and rely on ground-based forces.
C)temporarily suspend democratic government and be ruled by a military dictator.
D)rely on the Spartans for their defense.
E)abandon the city of Athens and let the Persians burn it.

Question 37

Lyrical poetry like that written by Sappho demonstrates:

A)the political principles of Archaic Greece.
B)that individual feelings could differ greatly from the dominant Greek culture.
C)that aristocratic Greek culture was extremely decadent.
D)that love was to be valued above all else in Archaic Greece.
E)the Greeks' concern with social change.

Question 38

Prior to the rule of Solon,many Athenians:

A)served in public office.
B)became slaves because of their debts.
C)were banished because of immoral behavior
D)were wealthy,landowning farmers.
E)served in the military.

Question 39

The Greek historian Herodotus believed:

A)Persia was a very efficient state and deserved to dominate Greece.
B)the Greeks were intellectually superior to the Persians and should have easily conquered Persia.
C)both the Greeks and Persians were great peoples.
D)Miletus would prosper under Persian control.
E)war between the Greeks and Persia would be the downfall of Hellenic civilization.

Question 40

In preparation for war with Persia,Athens financed the:

A)creation of a permanent standing army.
B)manufacture of 10,000 new swords and shields.
C)evacuation of the port city of Marathon.
D)creation of a naval fleet.
E)construction of new,higher walls around Athens.

Question 41

The Olympic Games did little to stop the rivalry between the poleis.

Question 42

Socrates' most important pupil was:

A)Pythagoras.
B)Plato.
C)Aristotle.
D)Isocrates.
E)Zeno.

Question 43

The growth of Athenian democracy,with its emphasis on equality between citizens,led to:

A)greater equality between men and women.
B)greater inequality between men and women.
C)greater social freedoms for women,but no new political rights.
D)greater equality between all individuals by abolishing slavery.
E)distrust of all non-Athenians and isolationism.

Question 44

What form of government did Sparta impose on the defeated Athenians and their allies?

A)Democracy
B)Oligarchy
C)Aristocracy
D)Tyranny
E)Monarchy

Question 45

The greatest of the Athenian comedic playwrights was:

A)Aristotle.
B)Sophocles.
C)Aristophanes.
D)Thucydides.
E)Herodotus.

Question 46

The Phoenicians introduced the Greeks to seafaring as a means of trade.

Question 47

Greek sculpture evolved from the rather stiff likenesses resembling Egyptian statuary to a style labeled as:

A)naturalism.
B)realism.
C)mannerism.
D)objective abstraction.
E)magical realism.

Question 48

The vast majority of Athenian citizens were of the merchant/artisan class.

Question 49

There were five poleis in Greece.

Question 50

Solon was an aristocrat who had made his name and fortune as a hoplite soldier and thus had the respect of every faction in Athenian society.

Question 51

Romans referred to western Anatolia as Magna Graecia because of the large number of Greek settlers there.

Question 52

Tyrannies were long-lasting forms of government in which familial dynasties took root.

Question 53

Why was the Peloponnesian War deadlocked for an extended period of time?

A)The Athenian Plague was used as a form of early "germ warfare" against Sparta.
B)Athens could not defeat Persia on land,and Persia could not defeat Athens at sea.
C)Athens could not defeat Sparta on land,and Sparta could not defeat Athens at sea.
D)The philosophy of the Pythagoreans and the Sophists contradicted each other.
E)The leadership of Pericles throughout the war allowed Athens to hold out against the superior Spartan Army.

Question 54

The Athenian strategos Pericles expanded democracy in Athens by:

A)giving all Athenians,even slaves,the right to vote.
B)eliminating ostracism.
C)giving every Athenian citizen the right to propose legislation.
D)giving the vote to women.
E)passing a law that forbade rule by tyrants.

Question 55

Due to the Persian Wars,the center of Greek philosophical speculation shifted from Ionia to:

A)the Greek colonies surrounding the Black Sea.
B)the Peloponnesus.
C)Athens.
D)the Greek "far west."
E)the Phoenician colony of Carthage.

Question 56

In Sparta,the helots were hereditary monarchs.

Question 57

The role of the chorus in Greek drama was to:

A)narrate the action of the play.
B)provide comic relief.
C)present common Athenian opinion about the themes or action of the play.
D)provide musical interludes.
E)perform during pauses in the play's action for scene and costume changes.

Question 58

Socrates was likely convicted,in part,because of:

A)the testimony of his best students.
B)the political climate following the Peloponnesian War.
C)his refusal to pay taxes.
D)his having taken part in a planned invasion of Sparta.
E)his support of a slave uprising.

Question 59

Spartans had a low birth rate because many of the women were infertile.

Question 60

Greek symposiums excluded all women.

Question 61

The Spartans failed to come to the aid of the Athenians during the battle of Marathon because they were occupied in putting down a helot rebellion.

Question 62

Why were the Sophists considered to be dangerous?

Question 63

How did Ancient Greek culture differ from Mesopotamian and Egyptian culture?

Question 64

The Corinthian League was the first political and religious confederation of independent poleis pledged to support each other in times of need.

Question 65

How can it be said that although Sparta won the Peloponnesian War,they also lost?

Question 66

What were the effects of hoplite warfare on the Greek poleis?

Question 67

What was the effect of rising democracy on the position of women in Athens?

Question 68

What changes occurred in ninth century b.c.e.that contributed to the rise of the polis?

Question 69

What was the role of slaves in Spartan society versus Athenian society?

Question 70

How did democracy develop in ancient Greece?

Question 71

The Peloponnesian War was a response to Athenian oppression,superiority,and aggression.

Question 72

How did the Persian Wars change Greek society?

Question 73

All Greek poleis except Athens and Sparta immediately surrendered to Xerxes' invasion forces.

Question 74

Much of what we know about the Persian Wars comes from the writing of Herodotus.

Question 75

What were the motives for Greek colonization in the eighth and seventh centuries b.c.e. ,and what were the effects of colonization on the ancient world?