Deck 14: Modern Industry and Mass Politics, 1870-1914

Question 1

The Third Republic in France was shaken in 1894 by the "Dreyfus Affair" that saw the rise of _________ in French society.

A)socialism
B)republicanism
C)anti-Semitism
D)Dreyfusardism
E)militarism

Answer 1

anti-Semitism

Question 2

Technological advances in Europe,matched by advances in medicine and agriculture,brought about a period of renewed growth in the nineteenth century known as the:

A)Era of Good Feelings.
B)technological revolution.
C)second industrial revolution.
D)manufacturing revolution.
E)information revolution.

Answer 2

second industrial revolution.

Question 3

Published in 1903 and 1905,The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion:

A)was forged by the Russian secret police and detailed a Jewish plot to dominate the world.
B)demonstrated that Jews and Christians could live together in peace.
C)was written by Alfred Dreyfus.
D)defended the economic interests of the Rothschild banking family.
E)set out the Zionists' proposal to establish a Jewish state.

Answer 3

was forged by the Russian secret police and detailed a Jewish plot to dominate the world.

Question 4

The Kulturkampf of Otto von Bismarck was a campaign waged against the:

A)socialists.
B)Catholics.
C)Lutherans.
D)communists.
E)Volksdeutsche.

Question 5

Bismarck enacted several social reforms including sickness insurance because:

A)the liberals demanded it.
B)his ethical standards were high and he saw legislation as his Christian duty.
C)Germany was experiencing a typhoid epidemic.
D)reports showed that the German population was seriously undernourished.
E)he wanted to win the loyalty of the German working class.

Question 6

David Lloyd George:

A)was a conservative member of the House of Lords.
B)founded the Independent Labor Party in 1901.
C)proposed a controversial budget in 1909 that included a progressive income tax.
D)was responsible for passage of the Second Reform Bill.
E)blocked consideration of the League of Nations at the Paris Peace Conference.

Question 7

Under the Russian Tsar Nicholas II,Russification:

A)extended the language and culture of Greater Russia over all non-Russian subjects.
B)was not accomplished by coercion or physical oppression.
C)was intended to destroy the populist movement.
D)did not involve pogroms.
E)was a program the tsar implemented as part of the process to become a naturalized Russian citizen.

Question 8

European liberal politics of the mid-nineteenth century relied for its power on:

A)the military.
B)the working class.
C)the old aristocracy.
D)the upper class.
E)an enlightened monarchy.

Question 9

Although discovered much earlier,the development of electricity in the late 1800s led to all of the following except:

A)new techniques in the chemical industry.
B)electrification of metropolitan areas.
C)improvements in subway systems.
D)changes in the living habits of ordinary people.
E)a dramatic improvement in air quality.

Question 10

With the rise of the "New Woman," conservative women such as Octavia Hill called upon women to:

A)"Rise up to defend the British empire by keeping the home fires burning."
B)"Actively seek out those who oppose the traditional station of women and defeat them."
C)"Seek their way in the world independently of their husbands."
D)"Temper this wild struggle for place and power."
E)"Secure the franchise and take control of the political system in Britain."

Question 11

Tsar Alexander II:

A)led Russia to victory in the Crimean War.
B)was an enlightened ruler who industrialized Russia.
C)was assassinated in spite of freeing the serfs.
D)was a repressive ruler who reversed all the reforms of his father.
E)was an intellectual who founded the Bolshoi Ballet.

Question 12

By 1914,the largest overseas buyer of food commodities was:

A)the United States.
B)Great Britain.
C)Germany.
D)France.
E)Russia.

Question 13

The first country to admit women to medical schools for training as medical doctors was:

A)Switzerland.
B)Great Britain.
C)France.
D)Russia.
E)Italy.

Question 14

Which political party became the model Marxist party in the late nineteenth century?

A)German Social Democratic Party
B)Independent Labor Party
C)Goths Program
D)International Workingmen's Association
E)National Socialist Workers' Party

Question 15

The revolution of 1905 in Russia was caused by:

A)a conflict between Bolsheviks and Mensheviks.
B)the inflammatory writings of Lenin.
C)the October Manifesto.
D)Russia's defeat in the Russo-Japanese War.
E)a shortage of bread in Saint Petersburg.

Question 16

The Paris Commune obtained its greatest support from the:

A)middle classes.
B)workers of Paris.
C)peasants of Normandy.
D)army officer corps.
E)soldiers of the Paris barracks.

Question 17

By 1884,Germany,France,and Britain had extended voting rights most broadly,but even in those countries,the members of society who continued to be denied the vote as a group were:

A)women.
B)workers.
C)clerics.
D)soldiers.
E)slaves.

Question 18

In general,the syndicalists:

A)made advances in Britain,but not Italy,France,or Spain.
B)like the socialists,had great faith in the political process.
C)demanded that workers share in the ownership and control of the means of production.
D)argued that the associations and the state could work together.
E)became the model for labor organizations in the United States.

Question 19

By the early twentieth century,many European socialists were beginning to doubt some of the core assumptions of Marxist doctrine.In Germany,these "revisionists" were led by:

A)Eduard Bernstein.
B)Friedrich Engels.
C)Elmer Bernstein.
D)Thurston Veblen.
E)Friedrich Nietzsche.

Question 20

The first technological innovation of the second industrial revolution was with:

A)iron.
B)bronze.
C)copper.
D)aluminum.
E)steel.

Question 21

In response to the growing materialism and free thought in the world,Pope Pius IX issued an encyclical entitled:

A)Ecce Homo.
B)Mistakes of the Modern World.
C)Unum Sanctum.
D)Syllabus of Errors.
E)Humanae Vitae.

Question 22

The nineteenth-century political theory of liberalism looked to _________ to confirm its tenets.

A)politics
B)science
C)religion
D)sociology
E)philosophy

Question 23

In his groundbreaking publication of 1859,Charles Darwin dealt with the natural world and developed his theory of evolution by means of natural selection.That book is entitled:

A)Natural Selection and Human Beings.
B)On the Origin of the Species.
C)The Descent of Man.
D)On the Theory of Natural Selection.
E)The Theory of Evolution & Man.

Question 24

Sigmund Freud argued that mental disorders are caused by:

A)mental images created during our dream states.
B)physiological responses to environmental stimuli.
C)chemical imbalances in the brain.
D)a conflict between natural drives and cultural restraints.
E)a lack of environmental restraints of people's actions.

Question 25

Social scientists of the late nineteenth century often reached experimental results that undermined the very scientific method they employed,since those results generally showed that human beings were:

A)rational.
B)the product of their environment.
C)irrational.
D)the product of heredity.
E)a blank slate at birth.

Question 26

Although a few challenges to representational art had occurred earlier,the first significant break emerged in France with the:

A)impressionists.
B)surrealists.
C)dadaists.
D)structuralists.
E)postimpressionists.

Question 27

France's Third Republic of 1815:

A)was formed after a French victory in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870.
B)witnessed the rise of new forms of negative right-wing politics.
C)found its strongest support from French Liberals and Catholics.
D)was allied with strongest support came for the Commune,the workers of Paris.
E)allowed socialists to hold public office.

Question 28

Russia in the 1880 and 1890s launched a program of industrialization that made it the world's ___________ largest economy by the early twentieth century.

A)second
B)third
C)fourth
D)fifth
E)sixth

Question 29

Friedrich Nietzsche believed that human beings must become "supermen" and:

A)control their irrational impulses through artistic expression.
B)master the world through a "will to faith."
C)achieve mastery over all antisocial behavior.
D)reform social,economic,and political organizations.
E)transcend the bounds of cultural conformity.

Question 30

The most transformative event in French history in the second part of the nineteenth century was the:

A)Franco-Prussian War.
B)1848 revolution.
C)Paris Commune.
D)Second Empire.
E)Crimean War.

Question 31

The second half of the nineteenth century saw an increase in literacy in Europe to about:

A)25%.
B)40%.
C)50%.
D)65%.
E)80%.

Question 32

Until the Russo-Japanese War,ordinary Russians continued to believe that the tsar was their "Little Father" and would do what he could to aid them in their lives.This trust was shaken on January 22,1905,a date afterward referred to as:

A)"Black Thursday."
B)"Shrove Tuesday."
C)"Maundy Thursday."
D)"Father Capon Day."
E)"Bloody Sunday."

Question 33

The French painter recognized for his transformation of art into a vehicle for an artist's self-expression was:

A)Pierre-Auguste Renoir.
B)Claude Monet.
C)Vincent van Gogh.
D)Paul Gauguin.
E)Paul Cézanne.

Question 34

Evolutionary theories had existed from the time of the ancient Greeks,but the first modern theory of evolution was developed by:

A)Georg Simmel.
B)Charles Darwin.
C)Jean Lemarck.
D)Herbert Spencer.
E)Alfred Wallace.

Question 35

Marxism came to Russia in two forms: one based on industrial capitalism known as the Social Democratic Party and the other based on the populist appeal to the peasantry known as the:

A)Orthodox Socialist Party.
B)Social Revolutionary Party.
C)Bolsheviks.
D)Marxist Socialist Union.
E)Mensheviks.

Question 36

Conditioning,as developed by Ivan Pavlov,became a part of the psychological school of:

A)analytical realism.
B)reflexology.
C)behaviorism.
D)Cartesian dualism.
E)conditioned response.

Question 37

Limited-liability laws of the nineteenth century:

A)ensured company control of founders and local directors.
B)impeded industrial growth in manufacturing.
C)ensured that stockholders would lose only the value of their shares in the event of bankruptcy.
D)After 1870 were limited to state and railroad bonds.
E)limited the international diversity of corporate investing.

Question 38

After the turn of the twentieth century,futurist artists sought out a response to "end-of-century" malaise by looking:

A)toward the machine age using new techniques and mediums.
B)inward,making art a reflective and personal refuge from a tired world.
C)to the Western classical age,creating a new neoclassical style.
D)to so-called primitive cultures in order to tap their primal energy.
E)outward,to demonstrate that "art" was dead.

Question 39

In the late nineteenth century,in the midst of the continued decline of the Ottoman Empire,a nationalist movement emerged in Turkey under the guidance of a group calling themselves the "Young Turks," who successfully forced the sultan to establish a constitutional government in 1908.In the following year,they deposed the sultan and placed him with his brother:

A)Khalid Hamid IV.
B)Ibn al' Mina V.
C)Assur-dan VI.
D)Mohammed V.
E)Harun al-Rashid.

Question 40

As a result of the 1905 revolution,Tsar Nicholas II issued the October Manifesto,which:

A)provided for open elections for a legislative body,the Dumas,which paved the way for the peaceful transition to a constitutional monarchy in 1907.
B)created the Ocrana,the secret police,which ruthlessly crushed all opposition to the tsar,focusing specifically on the Bolsheviks and the Social Revolutionaries.
C)completed the work begun by the Treaty of Portsmouth,which ended the Russo-Japanese War,which called for the transfer of territory in the East to Japan.
D)guaranteed individual liberties,more liberal franchise for the election of a Dumas,and veto powers for the Dumas-all of which Nicholas repealed over the next two years.
E)freed all the serfs from their ancestral lands.

Question 41

Founder of the Woman's Social and Political Union (WSPU),an organization that adopted tactics of militancy and civil disobedience:

A)Millicent Fawcett.
B)Emmeline Pankhurst.
C)Clara Zetkin.
D)Lily Braun.
E)Emily Davison.

Question 42

Philosopher of the nineteenth century who categorically denied the possibility of knowing truth or reality,because all knowledge comes filtered through linguistics,scientific or artistic systems of representation:

A)Sigmund Freud.
B)Charles Darwin.
C)Friedrich Nietzsche.
D)Ivan Pavlov.
E)Jean Lamark.

Question 43

The second industrial revolution created a strong demand for technical expertise,which meant that university degrees became more important than on-the-job apprenticeships.

Question 44

Lenin regarded revolution as the only answer to Russia's problems.

Question 45

The Third Republic of France was created after the fall of the Second Republic during the French-Iberian War.

Question 46

In Britain,the manufacturing of cheap steel in large quantities allowed it to outstrip German industrialism.

Question 47

Cartels,a form of corporate self-protection,were horizontal alignment of companies in the same industry banded together to fix prices and control competition,if not eliminate it outright.

Question 48

A powerful new tool of a general strike of all industrial workers was proposed by the syndicalists,who argued that it would do more to bring down the state than electoral politics.

Question 49

Between 1875 and 1905,the German Social Democratic Party:

A)passed legislation that was anticommunist.
B)was the largest best organized worker's party in the world.
C)was comprised of a majority of radical revolutionaries.
D)partnered with a cooperative national government.
E)feared the possibility of organized city workers seizing control of the state.

Question 50

All are correct statements except:

A)Darwin originated the theory of evolution.
B)Darwin was influenced by the work of Thomas Malthus.
C)Darwin published On the Origin of Species.
D)the strong survived and the week perished was a Darwinian theory.
E)Darwin developed the theory of organic evolution by natural selection.

Question 51

Results of the Russian victory in the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878),included all except:

A)Bessarabia went to Russia.
B)Greece gained Thessaly.
C)Bosnia and Herzegovina were placed under the Austrian Empire.
D)Prussia gained Albania.
E)Montenegro,Serbia,and Romania became independent states.

Question 52

In his publication The Communist Manifesto,Marx claimed to offer a systematic analysis of how capitalism forces workers to exchange their labor subsistence wages while enabling their employers to amass both wealth and power.

Question 53

Mass consumption was one of the greatest changes in the second industrial revolution as the traditional buying habits of the consumer both within and outside urban areas were quickly changed and society became much less stratified.

Question 54

The "Young Turks":

A)were a group of Ottoman Nationalists who fought in the Russo-Turkish War.
B)in 1809,attempted to overthrow the government of sultan Mohammed V.
C)rejected the introduction of Western Science and political reforms.
D)were a group of educated Turks who in 1908 forced the Turkish sultan to establish a constitutional government.
E)formed an alliance with France to aid in the prevent of future encroachments on its territory.

Question 55

Zionism was based on the hierarchical principles of the Jewish faith and hoped to establish a homeland in which the caste-like system of the ancient twelve tribes could once again organize Jews into a single,organized people.

Question 56

Russia under Tsar Alexander II had made many liberal changes such as the freeing of the serfs.All liberal tendencies in the government came to an end with the assassination of the tsar.

Question 57

In 1903,the Russian Social Democratic Party Leadership:

A)supported the tsar's plan for rapid industrialism.
B)broke into two parties one calling for a strong centralized party of active revolutionaries.
C)advocated reorganization the of the Russian state on a Western model.
D)accepted Lenin as their new revolutionary leader.
E)preferred the creation of a new Russian state of pure Marxist socialism.

Question 58

Which of the nineteenth century authors is mismatched?

A)Tolstoy-War and Peace
B)Zola-Crime and Punishment
C)Dickens-David Copperfield
D)Dostoyevsky-The House of the Dead
E)Hugo-Les Miserables

Question 59

In the years from 1867 to before 1914:

A)British Parliament was dominated by Disraeli (Liberal)and Gladstone (Conservative).
B)suffrage expanded to include one fifth of adult females.
C)trade unions and socialist societies combined to create the Labour Party.
D)in 1909,a flat income tax was introduced to fight inflation.
E)Britain experienced few strikes from iron and coal miners.

Question 60

In spite of all legal hindrances,votes for the Social Democratic Party in Germany quadrupled by 1881,the year Bismarck resigned.

Question 61

What was modernism,and how did it reflect the changes in society during the late nineteenth century?

Question 62

The tragedy of "Bloody Sunday" was in part caused by Russia's defeat in the Russo-Japanese war of 1904-1905.

Question 63

In 1864,Pope Pius IX issued the Syllabus of Folly condemning what he regarded as the principal religious and philosophical errors of the time.

Question 64

What innovations typified the second industrial revolution,and what were the effects on European society?

Question 65

In what ways were traditional Victorian gender roles for women redefined in the latter half of the nineteenth century?

Question 66

Why was Marxism so appealing to both workers and intellectuals across the West?

Question 67

What gains were made by the Russian revolution of 1905? Why were these gains not enough to complete Russia's transition to a modern nation?

Question 68

How were the theories of Darwinism applied to political objectives?

Question 69

Why did the industrial and social changes of the nineteenth century destabilize Russia?

Question 70

What was the impact of the Dreyfus Affair on Europe?

Question 71

What changes did industrialization cause in Europe?

Question 72

In the 1870s and 1880s,British women established their own colleges a Cambridge and Oxford.

Question 73

What factors made Germany particularly receptive to social democracy?