Deck 15: The First World War

Question 1

The social changes that were forged during the war were recorded in one of the most famous autobiographies of the period,Testament of Youth,by:

A)Vera Brittain.
B)Marie Stopes.
C)Margaret Sanger.
D)Emmeline Pankhurst.
E)Millicent Fawcett.

Answer 1

Vera Brittain.

Question 2

Great Britain fought against the Ottoman Empire in the Middle East where the most crucial advantage in its victory over the Turks was:

A)that the Turks were forced to rely on mercenaries to fight since they had no standing army.
B)the British superiority in arms: a new repeating rifle that the Turks did not possess.
C)the ability to read coded Turkish messages after the British cracked the Turkish military code in 1915.
D)the Turkish inability to fight on Saturdays,their holy day when no violent acts could be committed.
E)the support of various Arab peoples seeking independence from the Turks.

Answer 2

the support of various Arab peoples seeking independence from the Turks.

Question 3

On June 28,1914:

A)Austria issued an ultimatum to the Serbian government.
B)Serbia rejected the Austrian ultimatum.
C)Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated in Sarajevo.
D)Russia fully mobilized its armed forces to aid "brother Slavs" in Serbia.
E)Germany issued Austria a "blank check" to mobilize against Russia.

Answer 3

Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated in Sarajevo.

Question 4

What was the public motive for Britain's declaration of war in 1914?

A)The Austro-Hungarian attack on Serbia.
B)The threat posed by German submarines to the world's shipping lanes.
C)The German declaration of war on France;that activated the Anglo-French alliance.
D)The German invasion of neutral Belgium.
E)The Russian declaration of war on Germany,which required Britain to declare war by treaty.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the British action at Gallipoli?

A)A naval victory that cleared the Mediterranean Sea of Turkish and German ships.
B)An effort to defeat the Ottoman Empire from the rear,moving up the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
C)An attempt to shore up the defense of Serbia through securing a supply line by sea.
D)A botched amphibious landing in Turkey that failed to "force" the sea route to Russia.
E)A campaign plagued by miscalculation and missed opportunities but ultimately allowing the British to capture Istanbul.

Question 6

How did the Balfour Declaration affect the postwar policies of the Middle East?

A)It scuttled the efforts to secure Egyptian independence from British rule.
B)It staked claims for British interests in the region that excluded France.
C)It guaranteed continued British control of Egypt and Trans-Jordan.
D)It proposed the terms for dividing up the defeated Ottoman Empire.
E)It gave British approval to a national home for European Jews in Palestine.

Question 7

World War I saw the first use of many new weapons.One of these,poison gas,was particularly devastating due to its:

A)short- and long-term effects;having recovered,most victims had recurring bouts of sickness.
B)effects on both those at whom it was directed and those who used it.
C)physical and psychological effects.
D)effect on the civilian population close to the front.
E)effects on the surrounding environment.

Question 8

With so much of the male population of European countries in uniform during the war,women increasingly filled industrial positions from which they had heretofore been excluded.In Britain,these women were collectively dubbed:

A)Rosie the Riveter.
B)Sophie the Armourer.
C)Munitionettes.
D)Rockettes.
E)Angels of the Factories.

Question 9

Although every country fighting in World War I suffered food shortages at various times during the war,Great Britain was the last to institute control by rationing bread in 1917 primarily because:

A)of a poor wheat harvest in Australia.
B)English bakers were on strike.
C)the entire bread supply went to the army.
D)the English people voluntarily had limited their consumption.
E)of German submarine success in sinking Allied shipping.

Question 10

Many social changes occurred in Europe as a result of World War I.Among them was the emergence of the "New Woman," an occurrence that was greeted:

A)with universal praise since it signaled the end of the division of labor by sex.
B)by all women as a good thing and by every man as a true evil.
C)by a resounding indifference on the part of most people since it affected so few.
D)with mixed reviews;many celebrated it while many grumbled about the change.
E)with welcome by most people,the notable exception being the clergy.

Question 11

The German "Schlieffen Plan" envisioned a:

A)sweeping attack through Belgium to defeat the French outside Paris.
B)naval blockade of the British Isles.
C)joint attack with Austria-Hungary to punish Serbia.
D)sudden attack on Russia through what is now Poland.
E)joint attack with Italy against France.

Question 12

In the five months of the First Battle of the Somme,the casualties totaled approximately:

A)1,750,000.
B)1,000,000.
C)750,000.
D)500,000.
E)250,000.

Question 13

In the 1890s Germany had developed a plan to fight a two-front war called the:

A)von Hindenburg Plan.
B)Schlieffen Plan.
C)Gotha Plan.
D)Teutonic Plan.
E)Valkyre Plan.

Question 14

Although the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary had ethnic problems within many of its provinces,the most volatile of all proved to be within the province of:

A)Slovenia.
B)Bosnia.
C)Croatia.
D)Serbia.
E)Herzegovina.

Question 15

The German army,in the early days of the war,won a stunning victory over the Russians at the battle of:

A)Verdun.
B)the Masurian Lakes.
C)the Ice at Lake Peipus.
D)Lutsk.
E)Brest-Litovsk.

Question 16

The nations of Europe,following the assassination at Sarajevo,embarked on five weeks of what has since been characterized as:

A)"a tragedy of miscalculation."
B)"a premeditated drive to war."
C)"an example of astute diplomacy."
D)"a comedy of errors."
E)"a blind,blundering mess."

Question 17

The bloodiest battles of World War I occurred during 1916-1917,with the first of these being fought at:

A)Ypres.
B)Ardennes.
C)Somme.
D)Verdun.
E)Tannenberg.

Question 18

What event galvanized the cause of Irish nationalism during World War I?

A)The British government's blunt refusal to consider "Home Rule" until after the war.
B)The execution of the leaders of the Easter Rebellion in 1916.
C)The founding of the Sinn Fein political party.
D)The appalling losses among Irish soldiers during the Somme offensive.
E)The outspoken support for Irish independence by the prince of Wales.

Question 19

Which of the following was a consequence of the Hindenburg Plan?

A)The collapse of efforts to negotiate an early end to the war on the Western Front.
B)Negotiating a political settlement to create a German republic after the Kaiser's abdication.
C)Placing individual industrialists in charge of pricing and profits in Germany's war economy.
D)The near defeat of British and French forces by a surprise German offensive in March 1918.
E)The peace accord reached with the Bolshevik government of Russia in 1918.

Question 20

Military planners preparing for war in 1914 believed that the war would be short,limited,and decisive,basing their success on the twin ideas of:

A)careful planning and improvisation.
B)size and speed.
C)size and careful planning.
D)improvisation and speed.
E)careful planning and speed.

Question 21

Who appeared at the Versailles Conference to advocate the rights of colonial peoples?

A)Ho Chi Minh
B)John Maynard Keynes
C)Albert Schweitzer
D)Woodrow Wilson
E)Kim Jong-Il

Question 22

Opposed to Lenin and his plan for a takeover of the Russian government was another part of the Social Democratic Party:

A)the Left Social Revolutionaries.
B)the Bolsheviks.
C)the Mensheviks.
D)the Pushkinites.
E)the Right Social Revolutionaries.

Question 23

The initial expectations of the Schlieffen plan of World War I were reversed by:

A)the French victory at the Marne and the German victory at Tannenberg.
B)the Russian victory at Lemberg and French victory at the Marne.
C)the British victory at Verdun and the German victory at Tannenberg.
D)the French victory at the Somne and the German victory at Tannenberg.
E)the British victory at Verdun and the French victory at the Somne.

Question 24

The Ottoman Empire's involvement in World War I altered the dynamics of the war by threatening Russia's supply lines and:

A)blocking allied entry to the Dardanelles.
B)disallowing a combined striking force of French and British on the Eastern front.
C)the safety of the British-French fleet in the Aegean sea.
D)endangering Britain's control of the Suez Canal.
E)the fortified Greek city of Athens.

Question 25

Which of the following was NOT a major element in the German collapse of November 1918?

A)A naval mutiny against the disastrous plan to attack the combined American and British navies.
B)The sudden death of Kaiser Wilhelm's heir.
C)The declaration of a republic in Bavaria and socialist revolts elsewhere in the country.
D)Scarce food supplies that left some Germans on the verge of starvation.
E)The surrender of Austria on November 3,1918.

Question 26

The entry of the United States into World War I on the side of the Allies was due to several factors;among them were the resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare by the Germans and the:

A)genocide attempted by the Germans on the Eastern Front against the Slavs.
B)enormous debt owed U.S.banks by the Allies that needed to be protected.
C)discovery of a widespread and powerful German "fifth rank" in the United States.
D)victory of the Bolsheviks in Russia and the movement of German troops to the Western Front.
E)interception of the "Zimmerman telegram" sent by Germany's foreign minister to Mexico.

Question 27

Many in Europe recognized that the end of the war had brought about "a new and unfamiliar world," but no one knew the form this new world was going to take.As Tomas Masaryk stated,"Postwar Europe was a(n):

A)brave new world with such wondrous creatures in it."
B)experimental laboratory from which great things were to come."
C)graveyard with little immediate future."
D)laboratory atop a graveyard."
E)wasteland we would now call peace."

Question 28

World War I was finally ended by the:

A)Treaty of Paris.
B)London Peace Accords.
C)Treaty of Locarno.
D)Treaty of Versailles.
E)Treaty of Westphalia.

Question 29

To what does the term total war refer?

A)A commitment to defeating one's enemies and occupying their land,thus dissolving their right to nationhood.
B)The willingness to starve out military opponents through the use of blockades.
C)The willingness to use all military means to secure victory,regardless of the Geneva Convention.
D)The intense commitment of a nation's whole human and material resources to fighting.
E)Synonymously with genocide,the desire to not only defeat an enemy,but to kill every man,woman,and child.

Question 30

At the Paris Peace Conference beginning in 1919,each of the so-called Big Four was represented by their political leaders,with Italy being represented by:

A)Giuseppe Garibaldi.
B)Victor Emmanuel.
C)Vittorio Orlando.
D)Enrico Caruso.
E)Giuseppe Mazzini.

Question 31

Which Bolshevik leader made the most notable contribution to Lenin's efforts during the fall of 1917?

A)Bukharin
B)Kornilov
C)Trotsky
D)Stalin
E)Zemstov

Question 32

What or who were the soviets?

A)Local councils of workers and soldiers throughout Russia.
B)Special committees of the Duma (Russia's parliament).
C)Field officers of the Bolshevik movement who directed revolutionary forces during 1917.
D)Non-Russian territories controlled from Moscow during the Russian Revolution.
E)Terrorists who eventually overthrew the tsarist government of Nicholas II.

Question 33

Russia had been stunned by early setbacks in 1914,due primarily to problems of equipment,supply,and training.By the end of 1916,it had been brought to the verge of total collapse by:

A)the inability of the government to bring production up to the levels needed to pursue the war with Germany.
B)a combination of political ineptitude and military defeat.
C)the ever-growing political threat posed by the Bolsheviks.
D)the sudden death of Tsar Nicholas II.
E)failed harvests throughout Russia and the ensuing mass starvation,which also contributed to a reduction in industrial capacity.

Question 34

The abdication of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia in February 1917 was caused by:

A)the concerted effort of a small group of revolutionaries led by V.I.Lenin who seized the centers of governmental power in Petrograd.
B)a widespread conspiracy headed by Grigorii Rasputin that included many members of the royal family.
C)poor health exacerbated by the harsh conditions he experienced at the front lines where he was personally commanding the Russian army.
D)a loosely organized march of women demanding food,fuel,and political reform that quickly spiraled into a mass strike which the army joined.
E)Russia's unconditional surrender to Germany following the loss of over 1 million men at the battle of Tannenberg.

Question 35

The Bolsheviks were able to ultimately triumph in October 1917 under the leadership of the young,dedicated revolutionary:

A)Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov.
B)Alexander Alexandravich Kerensky.
C)Lev Denisovich Bronnstein.
D)Nicholas Alexandravich Romanov.
E)Iosep Ilyich Jughashvili.

Question 36

Although Germany was subjected to many crippling provisions of the Treaty of Versailles,the most dangerous were the punitive reparations,according to the eminent British economist:

A)John Stuart Mill.
B)Bertrand,Lord Russell.
C)David Lloyd George.
D)John Maynard Keynes.
E)Alan Richard Greenspan.

Question 37

During August 1918,the war changed momentum on the Western Front due to several factors,the most important of which was:

A)an increase in the morale of Allied front-line troops.
B)new tactics,which were first used by the French.
C)the Allies' material advantage finally coming to bear on the Germans.
D)the arrival of fresh American troops at the front in the region of the Somme.
E)the near collapse of the German army after a failed attack along the entire front.

Question 38

What was the single greatest U.S.contribution to the defeat of German forces on the battlefield in 1918?

A)The number and resilience of U.S.conscripts sent into battle alongside the Allies.
B)The role of U.S.commanders,notably John Pershing,in devising a new strategy for defeating trench warfare.
C)The large number of U.S.warships to the blockade of Germany.
D)Massive U.S.production of ships,tanks,and planes for the Allied war effort.
E)The financial support the country was able to give to the Allies both before its formal entry into the war and afterward.

Question 39

One of the long-lasting results of World War I was the increasingly sour and suspicious relationship that developed between:

A)France and Great Britain.
B)Russia and Western Europe.
C)Western Europe and the United States.
D)Italy and France.
E)the United States and Great Britain.

Question 40

All of the following prompted the Russian people to revolt against their tsar in 1917 except:

A)the horrendous loss of life in World War I.
B)living conditions that had grossly deteriorated.
C)lack of food in most areas of the country.
D)a complete loss of faith in the government.
E)the mistreatment by the tsar's family of the revered holy man,Grigorii Rasputin.

Question 41

President of the United States during World War I was:

A)Warren Harding.
B)William Taft.
C)Woodrow Wilson.
D)William McKinley.
E)Grover Cleveland.

Question 42

The Russian army was not only the largest in Europe,it was the best supplied due to the innovative reforms of Tsar Nicholas.

Question 43

Italy sided with Germany and Austria before the war and was held to this alliance despite its sympathies with the French and British cause.

Question 44

The initial German offensive was slowed by the inability of its soldiers and supply trains to keep up with the expected speed of the operation and by the resistance of the Belgians and the intervention of Britain.

Question 45

In 1914,the military leaders of Europe were confident that the European war,escalated by a scramble for colonies and an arms race between the two systems of alliance,would be quick due to their advanced technologies and large armies.

Question 46

The Treaty that officially announced Russia's withdrawal from World War I was:

A)Paris Peace Treaty.
B)Treaty of Hesse-Darmstadt.
C)Treaty of Portsmouth.
D)Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
E)Treaty of Utrecht.

Question 47

Bankers and financiers were great supporters of the war as they hoped to profit from wartime production and capture colonial markets.

Question 48

The October Revolution of 1917:

A)was responsible for the failed treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
B)failed to unite the industrial workers with the Social Democrats.
C)merged Russian tradition of revolutionary zeal with Western Marxism.
D)failed due to the weak organization of the Bolshevik party.
E)resulted in the creation of a constitutional government controlled by Mensheviks.

Question 49

The Allied powers' extensive borrowing of funds from the British resulted in the hobbling of France as a financial power and the rise of the United Kingdom as a financial power within Europe after the war.

Question 50

During the War in the Middle East in 1917:

A)Britain encouraged Arab nationalism.
B)allied forces lost a series of battles and failed to secure Baghdad.
C)Britain supported the Balfour Declaration.
D)the British multinational commander as Edmund Allenby.
E)the seeds for a future Arab-Israeli conflict were planted.

Question 51

Although the German naval blockade of Britain destroyed more tonnage,the British blockade against Germany was far more devastating as it put increased demands on the German national economy.

Question 52

All of the following events lead to the fall of the central powers in 1917 except:

A)Croat and Serb proposed creation of Yugoslavia.
B)the Bolshevik takeover of the Russian Government.
C)Czech and Polish pressuring for Independence.
D)success of Louis d'Esperey and Greek forces in taking Bulgaria out of war.
E)the United States entrance into the war on the Allies side.

Question 53

The 1905 revolution in Russia was led by the well-known Socialist:

A)Vladimir Lenin.
B)Mikhail Bakunin.
C)Joseph Stalin.
D)Grigorii Rasputin.
E)Leon Trotsky.

Question 54

Russia in the Eastern Front in 1915:

A)held Galicia despite the aggressive push of combined Austrian and German forces.
B)regained Moldavia for the Ottoman Turks.
C)lost prewar territory including much of Poland and Lithuania.
D)was dependent on Britain for necessary war munitions.
E)sustained minimal causalities.

Question 55

All of the below statements of the British invasion of Gallipoli on April of 1915 are correct except:

A)the battle resulted in breaking the deadlock on the Western front.
B)the ensuing battle was fought with allied forces from French,Britain,Australia and New Zealand.
C)after seven months of intense fighting the allied commanders admitted defeat in December 1915.
D)the defeat cost the Allies 200,000 soldiers.
E)the Turkish government became suspicious of their Armenian subjects.

Question 56

The Bolsheviks avoided open civil war in Russia by granting land to the peasants and compensating the former landowners for their losses.However,the landowners largely inflated the loss of land and made profits on the redistribution of lands.

Question 57

Verdun was of little strategic importance but was a symbol of France's strength and morale.

Question 58

The aims of the Bolsheviks included an end to the war,improvement in working and living conditions for the workers,and a redistribution of aristocratic land to the peasants.

Question 59

Which of the following was the correct sequence of military engagements during World War I was?

A)Marne,Verdun,Gallipoli,Somme,Aqaba
B)Marne,Gallipoli,Verdun,Somme,Aqaba
C)Marne,Verdun,Somme,Gallipoli,Aqaba
D)Marne,Somne,Aqaba,Gallipoli,Verdun
E)Marne,Gallipoli,Verdun,Aqaba,Somme

Question 60

All below statements concerning The "Fourteen Points" are correct except:

A)were proposed after World War I to ensure global peace.
B)called for an end to secret diplomacy.
C)concerns by calling for a system of adjusting colonial claims.
D)called for the removal of international tariffs.
E)reduction of national armaments to the lowest pint consistent with safety.

Question 61

What was the effect of the war on the minorities of Europe?

Question 62

What factors combined to bring about Germany's defeat?

Question 63

What was meant by the term total war?

Question 64

Government propaganda,while part of a larger effort to sustain both soldier and civilian morale,was also
important to the recruitment effort.

Question 65

How did trench warfare differ from traditional means of warfare?

Question 66

What was the effect of the Gallipoli disaster on the war and society?

Question 67

The American journalist John Reed described the Russian Revolution as "ten days that shook the world." What was the impact of the revolution on the rest of Europe?

Question 68

What was the role of Europe's colonies in World War I?

Question 69

On May 7,1915,a German submarine without warning torpedoed and sank the Lusitania a passenger liner that was secretly carrying war supplies.

Question 70

The diplomatic maneuvers during the five weeks after the assassination in Sarajevo on June 1914 have been called a "tragedy of miscalculation."

Question 71

Development of new technologies as tanks and air power accomplished much to aid the allies in their push to victory.

Question 72

The violation of Germans marching in to Belgium brought the United States into World War I on the
Allied side.

Question 73

How did the war change women's lives in Europe?

Question 74

What were the penalties to be paid by the Germans according to the Treaty of Versailles,and why were they so harsh?

Question 75

Why was Bosnia so critically important to the outbreak of the First World War?