Deck 13: Imperialism and Colonialism, 1870-1914

Question 1

The Treaty of Nanking:

A)gave the British Hong Kong "in perpetuity."
B)ended British missionary activity in China.
C)gave the lucrative opium trade to the Dutch.
D)ended British claims to trade with China.
E)established the foreign enclaves in Beijing.

Answer 1

gave the British Hong Kong "in perpetuity."

Question 2

The Boxer Rebellion resulted in:

A)China being forced to make new trade concessions to foreigners.
B)the occupation of the major Chinese cities by Westerners until 1920.
C)the end of the monarchy and establishment of a democratic state.
D)China being divided into occupation zones by the Western powers.
E)China becoming a client state of Japan.

Answer 2

China being forced to make new trade concessions to foreigners.

Question 3

The greatest problem faced by the French in their African colonies was:

A)financing.
B)transportation.
C)a lack of natural resources to exploit.
D)labor.
E)their colonial officers.

Answer 3

labor.

Question 4

The Boxer Rebellion:

A)was caused by French expansion into Vietnam.
B)serves as an example of an anti-imperialist movement.
C)was not serious enough to necessitate a response from the Great Powers.
D)demonstrated the invincibility of European imperial power.
E)led to the expulsion of foreign powers from China.

Question 5

The British were especially interested in controlling the Suez Canal because it:

A)guaranteed their control of Egypt.
B)allowed them to control their mandate of Palestine.
C)demonstrated their superiority over the French.
D)cut the travel time to their colony of India in half.
E)allowed them to complete the "Cape-to-Cairo" railroad.

Question 6

The Berlin Conference of 1884:

A)did not involve either Britain or France.
B)gave mining rights in the Congo to Portugal.
C)established the ground rules for a new phase of European expansion.
D)established the rights of citizens living in the Congo.
E)limited British naval tonnage.

Question 7

Rudyard Kipling's phrase "the white man's burden" referred to the:

A)cultural disability of a Europe grown old and weary.
B)onerous demands placed on colonial peoples by Europeans.
C)European and North American civilizing mission.
D)sense of collective guilt felt by Europeans about the brutality of colonial rule.
E)chronic excess of colonial imports into Europe relative to manufactured exports.

Question 8

Prior to the Great Mutiny of 1857,all Indian trade was held as a monopoly by the British:

A)East India Company.
B)Hudson Bay Company.
C)Prime Minister's office.
D)Royal Indian Trade Corporation.
E)Foreign Office under the direction of Queen Victoria.

Question 9

Throughout nineteenth-century Europe,"imperial policy" was usually a matter of:

A)long-range planning by the central governments.
B)policies developed in the boardrooms of the companies involved.
C)a series of quick responses,often improvised,to particular situations.
D)policies coordinated through London as Queen Victoria was the matriarch of European royalty.
E)haphazard decisions made by politicians with no direct interest in the consequences.

Question 10

Most historians today would agree that late nineteenth-century European imperialism:

A)was driven by European capitalist development.
B)was the product of an often clashing mix of economic,political,and strategic interests.
C)was a completely new phenomenon on the European historical stage.
D)served mostly as a means to quiet class conflict at home.
E)was guided primarily by European banking and financial interests.

Question 11

The Taiping Rebellion was a conflict between:

A)Britain and China.
B)the emperors of China and Japan.
C)Chinese farmers and industrial workers.
D)the Japanese peasantry and the Shogunate.
E)radical Christian rebels who challenged the authority of the emperors.

Question 12

British cultural policy toward its colonies always:

A)focused on indirect rule.
B)focused on direct rule.
C)remained open as they could never agree on a single policy.
D)was indifferent: the British simply had no interest in a colony's culture.
E)focused on religious matters over other concerns.

Question 13

Giving voice to the supposed "civilizing" aspect of the "new imperialism," Rudyard Kipling urged both the British and the Americans to:

A)engage in joint colonization efforts,primarily in the Far East.
B)take up the "White Man's Burden" of empire.
C)form a "Cultural Union of the West" to help educate the backward peoples of the world.
D)endeavor to make English the language of all the world's countries.
E)send missionaries and entrepreneurs rather than the military to foreign countries.

Question 14

One result of the Sino-Japanese War was to secure the independence of:

A)Cambodia.
B)Korea.
C)Laos.
D)Manchuria.
E)Vietnam.

Question 15

The Opium Wars began when:

A)most European nations prohibited the smoking of opium.
B)the United States intensified its expansion into Asia.
C)opium prices rose due to a series of bad harvests.
D)the Chinese banned opium imports.
E)the British decriminalized the use of opium,thus driving prices down.

Question 16

The "civilizing mission" of the French:

A)demonstrated the alleged greatness of the nation to all French people.
B)played no real role in creating a French identity.
C)was embraced by French workers only.
D)had no support from French popular opinion.
E)defined the French character following Napoleon.

Question 17

Lord Curzon,a prominent nineteenth-century British conservative politician and proponent of empire,believed that the premier colony in the British Empire was:

A)Canada.
B)Hong Kong.
C)South Africa.
D)Australia.
E)India.

Question 18

In what way was nineteenth-century Russian imperialism different from that of other European countries?

A)Russia colonized territories for only a brief time before granting the colonies independence.
B)Russia added no territory to its rule at all during the nineteenth century.
C)In the nineteenth century,Russia's only colonies were in North America.
D)Russia championed a policy of only annexing lands bordering itself;it had no overseas colonies.
E)Russia focused its imperial policy on acquiring land in Eastern Europe by conquest beginning with the Crimean War.

Question 19

The "new imperialism" of the late nineteenth century was distinctive in that:

A)the technology possessed by Europeans allowed them to conquer vast territories and to dictate terms to colonized peoples.
B)it was carried out by increasingly democratic nation-states,thereby simplifying the task of justifying imperial conquest and colonial rule.
C)it was motivated by a new spirit of adventure.
D)it was concerned with campaigns for moral and social improvement rather than with economic development.
E)Europeans assumed that their commerce,science,and technology would bring progress to the rest of the world.

Question 20

One military solution the British used to end the Sepoy Mutiny was to:

A)disband the native Indian military units and send the men home.
B)convene a military tribunal to protect the rights of the accused mutineers.
C)ship all the mutineers back to England to serve their life imprisonment.
D)do nothing with the enlisted men but provide long prison terms for the leaders.
E)have the surviving mutineers immediately tried and executed.

Question 21

Why did Bismarck bring Germany into the "scramble for Africa?"

A)To gain national prestige and make Germany a great power.
B)To satisfy public opinion,which was in favor of extensive territorial expansion.
C)To add to the kaiser's personal gain and position.
D)To find cheaper sources of labor as well as raw materials.
E)To distract the German people from the severe economic depression.

Question 22

By the end of the nineteenth century,the sole major independent kingdom in Africa was:

A)Libya.
B)The Congo Free State.
C)Egypt.
D)Ethiopia.
E)Sudan.

Question 23

The early colonial success Italy realized with Eritrea and parts of Somalia encouraged it to invade:

A)Egypt.
B)Sudan.
C)Uganda.
D)Ethiopia.
E)Libya.

Question 24

After World War I had come to an end,the Great Powers:

A)were more confident of human progress than they had been in the previous century.
B)recognized the principle of self-determination for all people.
C)resumed their imperialist endeavors.
D)abandoned any hope of maintaining the partition of Africa.
E)found it impossible to reimpose the conditions of late nineteenth-century imperialism.

Question 25

French interest in Africa was focused on:

A)colonizing the northern part of the continent across the Mediterranean from France.
B)pursuing colonies from the north to the south of Africa.
C)acquiring colonies from the west to the east of the continent.
D)its colony in the west,French Equatorial Africa.
E)seizing the British colony of South Africa for its mineral riches.

Question 26

The theory that human beings were composed of three races,the "black," "yellow," and "white," with the "white" being the superior race,was proposed in The Inequality of the Races by:

A)Adolf Hitler.
B)Houston Stewart Chamberlain.
C)Francis Galton.
D)Charles Darwin.
E)Arthur de Gobineau.

Question 27

The Afrikaners,or Boers,were European settlers from:

A)Sweden.
B)the Netherlands.
C)Germany.
D)England.
E)Denmark.

Question 28

The correct chronological sequence of Great Britain's grant of self-government was:

A)Canada,Australia,New Zealand,Egypt,India.
B)Canada,New Zealand,Australia,Egypt,India.
C)Australia,Canada,New Zealand,India,Egypt.
D)Canada,Australia,New Zealand,India,Egypt.
E)Australia,Canada,New Zealand,Egypt,India.

Question 29

Concentration camps were first used by the British during the:

A)Boer War.
B)Boxer Rebellion.
C)Opium Wars.
D)Sepoy Rebellion.
E)Crimean War.

Question 30

The crises of Western empires that developed by the turn of the twentieth century created tensions:

A)within the various European colonies.
B)between the European nations themselves.
C)between the colonies of the different European nations.
D)between individual European nations and their colonies.
E)that would not be resolved until after World War I.

Question 31

The most strenuous opposition to the operations of the International Association for the Exploration and Civilization of the Congo came from:

A)Germany
B)France
C)Portugal
D)Italy
E)Britain

Question 32

One cause for much concern by Europeans and colonial authorities dealt with:

A)the tension between preserving national traditions and identity in the face of a constantly changing,hybrid colonial culture.
B)the surprisingly successful creation of a well-disciplined work force and complete Europeanization of cities in western and southern Africa.
C)the inability of the European countries to change the societies they had colonized;it proved very difficult to establish schools and financial institutions.
D)the continued rejection of all contact with Europeans by the newly colonized peoples of Africa and Asia;Europeans failed in their effort to fully integrate with the native populations.
E)the failure of people in the mother countries to allow any emigration by colonials to Europe and the continued suspicion of those who had served overseas.

Question 33

The abuses of the Congo Free State were publicized by European writers such as Joseph Conrad in his book:

A)Out of Africa.
B)The Heart of Darkness.
C)Darkness at Noon.
D)Black Athena.
E)The Wretched of the Earth.

Question 34

The Great Mutiny of 1857 that began near Delhi resulted in all except:

A)Indian sepoys no longer maintained a privileged position in the British infantry.
B)civic service reform offered opportunity to the Indian upper class.
C)Queen Victoria became empress of India.
D)missionary activity was no longer encouraged.
E)the East India Company was abolished.

Question 35

Who coined the term eugenics to describe the science of improving racial qualities?

A)Houston Stewart Chamberlain
B)Charles Darwin
C)Francis Galton
D)Herbert Spencer
E)Cecil Rhodes

Question 36

Criticism of French colonial administrators for their indifference to the condition of Muslim women in their domains was leveled by:

A)Madeleine de Scudery.
B)Toussaint L'Ouverture.
C)Hubertine Auclert.
D)Olympe de Gouges.
E)Aurore Dupin Dudevant.

Question 37

The acquisition of the Philippines by the United States reflected the weakening imperial grip of:

A)Japan.
B)Spain.
C)Russia.
D)Britain.
E)France.

Question 38

In 1898,under the leadership of General Horatio Kitchener,the British avenged the death of Charles Gordon and secured the Sudan at the battle of:

A)Adowa.
B)Omdurman.
C)Mafking.
D)Zama.
E)Khartoum.

Question 39

The International Association for the Exploration and Civilization of the Congo:

A)was created by Henry Stanley to privately fund his exploration of the Congo river valley.
B)was a front organization for the commercial companies set up by Leopold of Holland.
C)resulted in imperialistic rivalry and confrontations between Britain and Holland.
D)allowed for the continuance of a slave in the Congo region.
E)opened the Congo river basin to commercial exploitation including the expectation of diamonds.

Question 40

Nineteen century French business concerns in Algeria included the commodities below except:

A)cotton.
B)cork.
C)copper.
D)lead.
E)iron.

Question 41

David Livingstone's famous phrase "the white man's burden" referred to the European mission to civilize the globe.

Question 42

Mohandas Gandhi was representative of a large number of Indians who left India to serve as indentured servants or work as professionals in other areas of the British Empire.

Question 43

"Imperialism" is the process of extending one state's control over another.

Question 44

The London Pan-African Conference of 1900:

A)was called as a response to the Boer War.
B)was a strong advocate for European imperialism.
C)called for the end of slavery as a tactic of imperialism.
D)drew a large international audience.
E)the Britain government embraced the goals of the conference.

Question 45

During the Boer War:

A)the British were well prepared when war broke out in 1899.
B)the Dutch Afrikaners had the initial advantage of local territorial knowledge.
C)using Guerrilla tactics the war was quickly won by the Afrikaners.
D)hospital camps were set up to assist the local civilians.
E)the Afrikaners received continued support from local civilians.

Question 46

Russian expansion in the nineteenth century included acquisition of Georga,Bessarabia,Armenia,and Manchuria.

Question 47

British success in India came primarily from the imposition of a single cultural society that forced English culture upon the Indians,sometimes by force.

Question 48

The Suez Canal linked the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf.

Question 49

Private investors,such as Cecil Rhodes,played just as large a part in the partitioning of Africa as did individual countries.

Question 50

The "Scramble for Africa" included the actions of European powers except:

A)Italy moved into territories along the Red Sea.
B)Germany seized colonies in strategic Cameroon and Tanzania.
C)Belgium took direct control of the Congo.
D)Portugal controlled the port towns of Tunisia.
E)Britain held the independent kingdom of Ethiopia.

Question 51

The Treaty of Nanking in1842 between the Chinese and the British set a precedent for other countries to demand similar rights and economic opportunities.

Question 52

The sati was the Indian rite in which a wife immolated herself on her husband's funeral pyre.

Question 53

European trade with China focused on luxuries except:

A)silk.
B)lapis.
C)porcelain.
D)art objects.
E)tea.

Question 54

The Boxer Rebellion of 1900:

A)was an armed rebellion against the British in Hong Kong.
B)was a successful plot to overthrow the Chinese government.
C)was an insurgent action between Japan and Britain to monopolize the opium trade.
D)was one of the anti-imperialist movements of the nineteenth century.
E)did not include participation from the United States.

Question 55

Which scientist is incorrectly matched?

A)Spencer-Inequalities of wealth or ability may be explained as a result of "natural selection."
B)Chamberlain-The human "races" evolved over time.
C)Gobineau-"Blood" was only one of the determining factor in human history.
D)Galton-Improving a populations racial characteristics by selective breeding of "superior types."
E)Darwin-The most fit of a species adopts to their ever changing environment thru a process of "natural selection."

Question 56

The Ottoman general of Albanian origin who had been involved in the Ottoman force that expelled Napoleon's armies for Egypt in 1801 was:

A)Muhammad Ali.
B)Menelik.
C)Suleiman II.
D)Saladin.
E)Jamal ad Din.

Question 57

By the late nineteenth century,Berlin had replaced London as the banker of the world.

Question 58

Although the slave trade was outlawed in British and French colonies,new systems of forced labor cropped up to take their place.

Question 59

Although Britain traded with China for luxury goods such as opium,silk,porcelain,and art objects,it was the tea trade that heightened conflicts between the two nations in the early nineteenth century.

Question 60

The opium market:

A)was a monopoly held by the East India Company.
B)profits supported the industrialization of China.
C)was globally popular as it was used medicinally and for pleasure throughout the world.
D)was a key to a triangular British-Indian-Chinese economic relationship.
E)production and export rose in the early nineteenth century due to the support by the Chinese Emperor.

Question 61

How was imperialism reflected in the popular culture of Europe?

Question 62

What was the role of the East India Company in British control of India?

Question 63

How did the "civilizing missions" of France differ from other attempts at colonialism?

Question 64

In what ways did the early nineteenth-century European empires differ from those established in the second half of the century?

Question 65

How do formal and informal imperialism differ?

Question 66

What were the causes and effects of the Opium Wars in China?

Question 67

What was the impact of the Suez Canal on Britain and the West?

Question 68

What were the causes of the Great Rebellion of 1857?

Question 69

What were the causes of new imperialism?

Question 70

The year 1895 saw the establishment of a Federation of French North Africa,a loosely organized administration that governed an area nine times the size of France.

Question 71

How did ideas of race serve as justification for imperial conquest in the nineteenth century?

Question 72

Muslim groups from central Asia had periodically migrated westward cross the steppe bring them into frequent interactions with northern Europeans.