Deck 9: The French Revolution

Question 1

The event that marked the beginning of the French Revolution was the:

A)September Massacre.
B)passage of the Constitution of 1791.
C)Oath of the Tennis Court.
D)drafting of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen.
E)execution of Louis XVI.

Answer 1

Oath of the Tennis Court.

Question 2

For many people,the event that is the epitome of the French Revolution,which occurred on July 14,1789,was:

A)the storming of the Bastille.
B)the expulsion of all foreign armies from French soil.
C)the Declaration of the Rights of Man.
D)the abdication of Louis XVI.
E)the execution of Louis XVI.

Answer 2

the storming of the Bastille.

Question 3

The lists of grievances drawn up by the delegates of the three Estates were called the:

A)Cahiers de Doléances.
B)Enrages.
C)Assignats.
D)Levée en masse.
E)Sans-culottes.

Answer 3

Cahiers de Doléances.

Question 4

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen:

A)was never accepted by Louis XVI and thus never went into effect.
B)was renounced two years later in favor of the Constitution of 1791.
C)gave equal political and social rights to all men and women.
D)was a moral document specifying the natural rights of human beings.
E)was written by Jean-Jacques Rousseau and formed the basis for the French Revolution.

Question 5

The French financial system was brought to the brink of collapse because of Louis XVI's support of:

A)his many mistresses and their large,extended families.
B)a free market economy urged by his finance minister and based on Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations.
C)the English colonists in North America in their war of independence from Great Britain.
D)the parlements in their struggle for power against the central,national government.
E)Genevan financiers.

Question 6

A declaration by some European states in 1791 that restoring the rights of the French monarchy was a matter of "common interest to all sovereigns of Europe" led to the:

A)National Assembly's declaration of war against Austria and Prussia.
B)September Massacres.
C)Continental System.
D)creation of the Committee of Public Safety.
E)declaration of war against France by all the countries of Europe.

Question 7

Peasants in prerevolutionary France paid a disproportionate share of the taxes,such as the corvée and the tithe to the Church,but the most onerous of these was the tax on:

A)wine.
B)wheat.
C)salt.
D)truffles.
E)meat.

Question 8

Louis XVI wanted to better the lot of the French people by enacting reforms.Unfortunately,his plans were not completely successful.The improvements that he failed to enact included all of the following except:

A)abolishing torture.
B)revamping the administrative system.
C)shifting the tax burden from the poor to the rich.
D)restructuring the tax system.
E)strengthening the system of regional parlements.

Question 9

The Fall of the Bastille,the "Great Fear," and the "October Days" were all important because they:

A)precipitated war with various European nations,but primarily Austria.
B)signaled the shift from the moderate stage of the revolution to the radical.
C)were all popular uprisings initiated by the Jacobins during the summer of 1789.
D)reflected the depth of discontent on the part of the French people in 1789.
E)led directly to the declaration of the French Republic.

Question 10

French society in the eighteenth century was influenced by a new,emerging group composed of:

A)the aristocracy and merchants.
B)clergy,merchants,and the aristocracy.
C)officeholders,merchants,philosophes,and the clergy.
D)officeholders,professionals,merchants,and the aristocracy.
E)the aristocracy,merchants,and professionals.

Question 11

The most notable action of the "October Days" in 1789 was the:

A)march on Versailles by the women of Paris.
B)revolt of the army,which caused the king to abdicate.
C)seizure of power by Napoleon Bonaparte.
D)publication of the French National Constitution.
E)abdication of the king in favor of his son.

Question 12

Of the "Terror," it can be stated that:

A)all of those executed were convicted before a revolutionary tribunal and a jury of their peers.
B)more than 500,000 people were executed.
C)the majority of its victims were peasants and laborers.
D)only members of the royal family were executed during the "Terror."
E)it was mostly the creation of the enemies of the revolution as fewer than 1000 people died.

Question 13

In the book Reflections on the Revolution in France,the English author _________ reversed his position on revolutions,after having supported the American revolutionaries the decade before.

A)William Pitt
B)Frederick,Lord North
C)Edmund Burke
D)Arthur Wellesley
E)William Godwin

Question 14

In 1789,Louis XVI called a meeting of the Estates-General,which had not met since 1614,because:

A)Marie Antoinette wanted to throw a ball for the entire country to attend.
B)France faced severe economic hardship and financial chaos.
C)he decided to democratize France and believed a popular legislature was needed.
D)a surplus in the country's treasury needed to be disbursed equitably.
E)he needed a vote of the assembly to authorize supporting the United States in its revolution.

Question 15

When the Third Estate renamed itself the National Assembly and was locked out of the Estates-General meeting hall at Versailles,it and sympathetic members of the First and Second Estates met at another site at Versailles and swore what was known as the _________ not to separate until a constitution for France had been drafted.

A)Hippocratic Oath
B)Oath of the Stables
C)Oath of Versailles
D)Oath of the Gardens
E)Oath of the Tennis Court

Question 16

"French Revolution" refers to:

A)a complex series of events from 1789 to 1799.
B)the series of French upheavals between 1789 and 1871.
C)the events that took place from 1789 to 1815.
D)the radical changes Napoleon made in the French legal system after 1800.
E)the three stages of rebellion in France in 1789,1830,and 1848.

Question 17

Who was a member of the French Committee of Public Safety?

A)Thomas Paine
B)Charlotte Corday
C)Samuel Adams
D)Georges Danton
E)Paul La Fayette

Question 18

The summer of 1792 was when:

A)the Paris Commune was abolished by the National Assembly.
B)the French Revolution entered the radical stage of its history.
C)Louis XVI was executed by the National Assembly as a common criminal.
D)French forces defeated the allied armies of Prussia and Austria.
E)the Directory seized control of France and ended the "Terror."

Question 19

The wars Napoleon waged to build his empire may be viewed:

A)as textbook examples of how to win wars with very little loss of life.
B)as a patchwork of defeats from which Napoleon managed to ultimately emerge victorious.
C)as an example of the idea of "total war."
D)in a manner similar to how Americans viewed their own Revolutionary War.
E)as a senseless waste of life since Napoleon continually lost his battles.

Question 20

On August 4,1789,the French National Assembly:

A)broke with the past completely by abolishing the last remnants of feudalism.
B)abolished the monarchy and declared France a republic.
C)urged the people of Paris to march on the king at Versailles.
D)declared the French Revolution to be successfully completed.
E)outlawed slavery throughout French lands.

Question 21

The Haitian Revolution was important because it:

A)served as a training ground for Napoleon's armies.
B)showed that Napoleon had a liberal/philosophical side and a military side.
C)anticipated the more moderate stage of the French Revolution to come.
D)carried on the French monarchy in its fight against the revolution.
E)was the only successful slave revolt in history.

Question 22

The economic system created by Napoleon Bonaparte to starve British trade was known as the:

A)Napoleonic System.
B)Continental System.
C)Anti-English Union.
D)European System.
E)French System.

Question 23

Although the French government had been ruled by one committee or another since the revolution began in 1789,this came to an end in 1799 when Napoleon Bonaparte assumed the title of:

A)caesar.
B)temporary consul.
C)emperor.
D)kaiser.
E)first consul.

Question 24

At the Battle of the Nations,fought near Leipzig:

A)Russia surrendered to Napoleon's armies.
B)Napoleon won his greatest victory against the Fourth Coalition.
C)Napoleon surrendered and was sent to Waterloo in exile.
D)Britain defeated the French army.
E)the allies dealt the French a resounding defeat.

Question 25

In the second stage of the French Revolution,the Terror,the vast majority of those executed were members of the:

A)aristocracy.
B)clergy.
C)peasantry.
D)foreign diplomatic corps.
E)bourgeoisie.

Question 26

When the Committee of Public Safety fell from power in 1794,it was replaced by a more moderate group known as the:

A)Commissariat.
B)Jacobins.
C)Mountain.
D)Directory.
E)Girondins.

Question 27

In 1798,the French under Napoleon Bonaparte's command attempted to defeat the British by attacking:

A)its Egyptian and Near Eastern colonies.
B)its North American colonies.
C)the British Isles.
D)its Indian colonies.
E)its Chinese colony of Hong Kong.

Question 28

The Concordat of 1801:

A)returned authority over all matters concerning the Catholic Church to the pope.
B)was an intensification of principles established by the Civil Constitution of the Clergy.
C)renewed the hostilities between the French state and the Catholic Church.
D)returned all Church lands appropriated by the revolution.
E)did not revoke the principle of religious freedom established by the revolution.

Question 29

Napoleon Bonaparte ordered the establishment of _________ in every major town to train government officials.

A)enrages
B)lycées
C)assignats
D)academies
E)collèges

Question 30

The radical stage of the French Revolution was destructive for many reasons;among these reasons was the weakening of all of the following traditional institutions except the:

A)Church.
B)guild.
C)parish.
D)family.
E)army.

Question 31

The naval battle in 1805 between the French and British naval forces was won by:

A)Admiral Francisco Goya.
B)Viscount Arthur Wellesley.
C)Admiral Horatio Nelson.
D)Comte de Mirabeau.
E)Vice Admiral Maximilien Robespierre.

Question 32

Napoleon Bonaparte was defeated for the last time in Belgium at the battle of:

A)Waterloo.
B)Arnheim.
C)Liège.
D)Leipzig.
E)Amiens.

Question 33

The changes Napoleon made in French society gave rise to a new elite composed of all of the following except:

A)bankers.
B)merchants.
C)landowners.
D)businessmen.
E)affluent artisans.

Question 34

Louis VVI:

A)Sought to increase the tax burden on the poor.
B)Was not interested in changing the tax exempt status of the wealthy.
C)Fought to defend the tax exempt status of the wealthy.
D)Pressed for new taxes to be paid by the wealthy.
E)Allowed his wife a free hand in choosing economic ministers,which led to disaster.

Question 35

The leader of the Haitian Revolution,who did not live to see independence,was:

A)Toussaint L'Ouverture.
B)Jean-Jacques Dessalines.
C)Marie-Louis Gouze.
D)François Babeuf.
E)Vincent Ogé.

Question 36

Changes brought about by the Great Fear included all of the following except:

A)the abolition of a church tithe.
B)the elimination of the forced labor service called the corvée.
C)the removal of the hunting privileges of the nobility.
D)the end to the practice of selling sales of offices.
E)the removal of unfair practices against the Jewish population.

Question 37

The war fought in Spain was significant because it:

A)proved once and for all the invincibility of Napoleon's battlefield tactics.
B)indicated that Napoleon could be defeated on the battlefield.
C)finally allowed Spain and Portugal to be reunified into a single country.
D)was the means to forge the Fourth Coalition to finally defeat Napoleon.
E)showed the superiority of French rifles and artillery over that of the Spanish.

Question 38

Napoleon's foreign minister who continued to serve the monarchy after the restoration was:

A)Charles Maurice de Talleyrand.
B)François Marie Arouet.
C)Baron de Montesquieu.
D)Georges Danton.
E)Louis Antoine St.Just.

Question 39

One of the most important legacies of the French Revolution was the new term:

A)"nation."
B)"citizen."
C)"patriotism."
D)"assembly."
E)"comrade."

Question 40

The battle that broke French naval power in the Mediterranean was fought at:

A)Abukar.
B)Wagram.
C)Trafalgar.
D)Leipzig.
E)Borodino.

Question 41

All of these were included in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen,except:

A)the ownership of property was considered a "natural right."
B)the freedom of speech was confirmed.
C)religious toleration was declared.
D)the liberty of the press was declared inviolable.
E)the end of the monarchy.

Question 42

After the defeat of Napoleon,the Bourbon family was restored to the throne,though briefly.

Question 43

The Civil Constitution of the Clergy demanded the clergy serve France,rather than Rome.

Question 44

Most victims of the "Reign of Terror" were aristocrats,nobility,or wealthy merchants and artisans.

Question 45

The Jacobins were:

A)members of the old aristocratic elite.
B)representatives of the Catholic Church in the National Assembly.
C)egalitarian political leaders from the Third Estate.
D)reformers who sought the execution of Louis XVI.
E)the leaders of the National Convention that brought about The Terror.

Question 46

Radical measures by the National Convention included all of the following except:

A)the execution of King Louis XVI.
B)confiscating property of enemies of the revolution.
C)execution of emissaries of the pope.
D)repealed the practice of primogeniture.
E)sought to remove Christianity from everyday French life.

Question 47

When fighting the Russians in Moscow,Napoleon torched the city,leaving no place for the Russians to shelter.

Question 48

Olympe de Gouges advocated all of the following for women except:

A)women had the same rights as men.
B)women should be allowed to participate in government.
C)women have a right to name illegitimate children.
D)women should have access to abortion.
E)women had a right to resist authority.

Question 49

Which of the following countries was not part of the alliance to defeat Napoleon at Leipzig?

A)England.
B)Poland.
C)Russia.
D)Austria.
E)Sweden.

Question 50

After his defeat at Leipzig,Napoleon:

A)abdicated and spent the remainder of his life on the island of Elba.
B)was executed for waging war on Europe.
C)returned to power once more only to be defeated at Waterloo.
D)was buried in Paris.
E)fled to Russia.

Question 51

By order of the king,the Estates-General was replaced by the National Assembly,which asserted the right to remake government in the name of the people.

Question 52

French society was legally divided into the Three Estates: an upper (First Estate),middle (Second Estate),and lower (Third Estate)class.

Question 53

The Napoleonic Code was based on the following two principles:

A)uniformity;individualism
B)power;submission
C)religious fanaticism;intoleration
D)decentralization of power;independence
E)nationalism;xenophobia

Question 54

French possessions in the Caribbean whose delegation was not allowed to be seated [which touched off a revolution]

A)Guadeloupe.
B)Martinique.
C)Saint-Domingue.
D)Cuba.
E)Puerto Rico.

Question 55

England was the most densely populated country in Europe by the close of the eighteenth century.

Question 56

Economic changes brought in by the National Assembly included:

A)the sold off church lands.
B)established new rules for guilds.
C)ended the practice of establishing tariffs on imported goods.
D)ended the tax on salt.
E)taxed lands held by the crown.

Question 57

In December 1804,Napoleon crowned himself Emperor Napoleon I in Notre Dame in Paris.

Question 58

According to the Napoleonic Code,fathers could imprison their children without cause.

Question 59

Louis XVI was condemned to death not by a unanimous vote,but by a very narrow margin in the convention.

Question 60

The Haitian slave rebellion broke out when the National Assembly in Paris refused to seat a delegation from Saint-Domingue.

Question 61

What worldwide effects did the Haitian Revolution have?

Question 62

Why was the formation of a law code important to Napoleon,and how did his differ from previous attempts to establish a national law?

Question 63

What factors account for the rising levels of violence and radicalism in the French Revolution?

Question 64

In what ways did Napoleon's state mark the transition from absolute government to the modern state?

Question 65

Explain the difference between the new nobility and the old aristocracy in prerevolution France and why these differences might make economic tensions in prerevolutionary France worse.

Question 66

The Napoleonic Code preserved freedoms for women that were granted under the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen.

Question 67

The Napoleonic Code was more egalitarian that the laws under the Old Regime.

Question 68

How did the Convention differ in its purpose from the First Revolution?

Question 69

What was the impact of the Second French Revolution (1792-1794)on French society?

Question 70

Although the opening stages of the revolution talked about equality,it did not extend protection to Jews and Protestants.

Question 71

How did the taxes and the economic policy of the 1780s make the situation in prerevolutionary France more volatile?

Question 72

Why were Napoleon's armies so successful?

Question 73

Who were included or excluded in the Declaration of the Rights of Man,and what does this reveal about French society on the eve of revolution?

Question 74

The National Assembly banned slavery in all French territories.