Deck 9: Europe Turns Outward

Question 1

Charlemagne's contemporary,the greatest Abbasid caliph,was

A)Harun al-Rashid.
B)Fatima.
C)al- Kahira,
D)Saladin.
E)al-Mansur.

Answer 1

Harun al-Rashid.

Question 2

Which reforming pope was appointed by Henry III of Germany?

A)Leo IX
B)Nicholas II
C)Gregory VII
D)Urban II
E)Henry IV

Answer 2

Leo IX

Question 3

Which Muslim faction believed in the coming of a messiah?

A)Shi'ites
B)Sunnis
C)Seljuks
D)Shultanas
E)Buyids

Answer 3

Shi'ites

Question 4

The great Anglo-Saxon king of Wessex who pushed back Viking invasions and founded a strong state that lasted for about a century was

A)Alfred.
B)Ethelred.
C)Edward.
D)Harold.
E)Rollo.

Question 5

Basil II brought what nation into the Byzantine Christian orbit?

A)Russia
B)Turkey
C)Bulgaria
D)Egypt
E)Italy

Question 6

The Russian cities of Novgorod and Kiev were initially settled by

A)Vikings.
B)Venetians.
C)Byzantine missionaries.
D)Slavs.
E)Greek merchants.

Question 7

What strong king took the English throne in 1154,ending the civil war that erupted over the conflict between Stephen and Matilda?

A)Henry II
B)Richard II
C)Alfred the Great
D)Robert "Curthose"
E)Louis VI

Question 8

Hroswitha of Gandersheim wrote a history of the reign of which German ruler?

A)Otto I
B)Henry I
C)Conrad,duke of Franconia
D)Stephen
E)Henry IV

Question 9

What did Leo III's edict of iconoclasm forbid?

A)the use of religious art in worship
B)the use of Latin in the Eastern Orthodox liturgy
C)the practice of Islam in Byzantine lands
D)fighting battles on Sunday or other sacred days
E)the interference of secular officials in church business

Question 10

At the beginning of the eighth century,the Muslim empire was ruled by whom?

A)the Umayyads
B)the Abbasids
C)the Aghlabids
D)the Fatimids
E)the Seljuk Turks

Question 11

The fall of which important center in 997 provoked the first "holy war" against the Muslims?

A)Compostela
B)Cordoba
C)Toledo
D)Constantinople
E)Jerusalem

Question 12

The most successful crusade was the

A)First Crusade.
B)Second Crusade.
C)Third Crusade.
D)Peasants' Crusade.
E)Children's Crusade.

Question 13

What pope launched the crusading movement with a sermon at Clermont in 1095?

A)Urban II
B)Innocent III
C)Gregory VII
D)Nicholas IIs
E)Julius II

Question 14

Charles the Simple yielded the duchy of Normandy to Rollo,a leader of what group?

A)Vikings
B)Anglo-Saxons
C)Berbers
D)Turks
E)Huns

Question 15

What did the word crusade originally mean?

A)"war of the cross"
B)"holy war"
C)"sacred mission"
D)"God's will"
E)"pilgrimage to the Holy Land"

Question 16

With their assortment of nomadic tribes that spoke related languages,the early Turks resembled the early

A)Germans.
B)Abbasids.
C)Persians.
D)Greeks.
E)Huns.

Question 17

The Truce of God asked knights not to fight

A)on holy days.
B)noncombatants.
C)warriors from other Christian states.
D)without first asking the church's blessing.
E)each other.

Question 18

Which French monarch was able to recover much French territory from British control?

A)Philip II "Augustus"
B)Louis VI "the Fat"
C)Louis VII
D)Hugh Capet
E)Eleanor of Aquitaine

Question 19

Which duchy was the seat of Otto I's power in Germany?

A)Saxony
B)Austria
C)Franconia
D)Swabia
E)Bavaria

Question 20

In 1066,William "the Conqueror" conquered

A)England.
B)Norway.
C)Germany.
D)France.
E)Italy.

Question 21

What was the end result of increased contact among Europeans,Muslims,and Byzantines during the second half of the Middle Ages?

A)These three groups of people became more and more alienated from each other.
B)Global trade and exchange of learning increased among all three.
C)The three cultures better understood how many things they held in common.
D)Western Europe suffered a steep decline in power and stability.
E)Europe became closely allied with the Byzantine Empire in the face of Muslim threats.

Question 22

How did Otto I solve the problems of control he faced as he acquired more territory?

A)He granted fiefs to the church rather than to nobles.
B)He divided his kingdom into smaller counties ruled by his sons.
C)He forbid his nobles to marry so their fiefs could not become hereditary.
D)He moved his capital from Saxony to Burgundy.
E)He surrendered his imperial crown to the pope.

Question 23

When the Abbasid caliphs tried to secure their position by creating an army of Turkish warriors,what was the ultimate result?

A)The Turks converted to Islam and eventually took control of Sunni Islam.
B)The Abbasids were able to counterattack the Fatimid dynasty and recapture Egypt.
C)The Islamic empire was briefly reunited until attacks from crusaders made it crumble.
D)The Byzantine Empire started a campaign to reclaim its lost territory in Asia Minor.
E)The Abbasids won a series of great victories over the Persians.

Question 24

When did "the West" take shape as a self-aware area of culture and civilization?

A)the end of the eleventh century
B)immediately after the fall of Rome
C)during the Renaissance
D)the early ninth century
E)after the discovery of America

Question 25

Hroswitha of Gandersheim wrote her works in what language?

A)Latin
B)Greek
C)German
D)Anglo-Saxon
E)French

Question 26

What was Europe's destiny,in Pope Urban II's point of view?

A)to take the offensive against cultures they considered dangerously alien
B)to defend itself against raids and invasions from outside threats
C)to settle cultural differences and become a politically unified culture
D)to recognize Islam as a valid rival religion
E)to become a place where literature,music,and science were fostered

Question 27

The Seljuk Turks became a major power in the Middle East after what tenth-century event?

A)their conversion to Islam
B)their announcement and enforcement of the Truce of God
C)Basil II's missionaries conversion of them
D)the establishment of Cairo as their capital
E)the choice of Fatima as their caliph

Question 28

During the eighth century,the Muslim world

A)was torn apart by repeated dynastic overthrows.
B)was in retreat from Christian attacks.
C)reached its peak of peace and political continuity.
D)was more divided by religious than political conflict.
E)was much more stable than Christian Europe.

Question 29

When the Aghlabid dynasty won Sicily from the Byzantines,what was the result?

A)Sicily developed a thriving society that passed on Muslim scholarship to Europeans.
B)Christians were slaughtered and forbidden to practice their religion.
C)The victory solidified the Aghlabid dynasty's hold on Northern Africa for centuries.
D)The Abbasids,threatened by the move,counterattacked the Aghlabids.
E)Pope Urban II demanded that the Franks help him liberate Sicily.

Question 30

Which of the following was NOT a factor in the decline of the Byzantine Empire in the seventh century?

A)attacks on the western border from Germans
B)attacks on Asia Minor by Arabs
C)the decline of the Byzantine naval power
D)raids by the Slavs and Bulgars
E)frequent internal struggles over the Byzantine throne

Question 31

What was the result of Basil II's alliance with Vladimir I of Russia?

A)The two countries established strong commercial and cultural ties.
B)The alliance exposed the Byzantine Empire to damaging raids from Vikings.
C)The region was opened to Islam,and much of Russia converted as a result.
D)Western Europe became increasingly alienated from the Byzantines.
E)The alliance made the Macedonian dynasty more secure in its power.

Question 32

When a serf fled into a town,he

A)became legally free after a year and a day.
B)could go to jail for not fulfilling his duties to his lord.
C)risked having his lord send knights after him to force him back to his farm.
D)no longer had any means of support.
E)became an outlaw and could be killed on sight.

Question 33

Which area of eastern France became a convenient place for traders from Venice and Flanders to meet?

A)Champagne
B)Burgundy
C)Provence
D)Aquitaine
E)Normandy

Question 34

The division of England into shires,each with a shire-reeve sheriff),

A)began as a system of collecting taxes and raising soldiers.
B)was an innovation introduced by William the Conqueror.
C)copied the French system used in Aquitaine.
D)ensured that the common people would have a voice in government.
E)replaced an earlier system of dioceses and bishops.

Question 35

What image did Cnute attain as the head of an empire?

A)an able and well-informed ruler
B)an unlettered,brutal barbarian
C)a weak and indecisive leader
D)a pagan enemy of all Christians
E)a daring adventurer but an ineffective monarch

Question 36

Why did theologians challenge Leo III's edict of iconoclasm?

A)It implied that Christ,a physical human,could not be the incarnation of God.
B)It confused veneration of religious art with superstitious worship of icons.
C)It led to the unnecessary destruction of beautiful and historically important art.
D)It sparked revolts among Byzantines who were comfortable with the use of icons.
E)It widened disputes with Muslims and Jews,who accepted religious images.

Question 37

Why did Hroswitha believe that men were more prone to commit sins than women were?

A)She thought that men were stronger than women in body and mind,and therefore their temptations were also more powerful.
B)She saw that men were engaged in more activities than women,and therefore they had more opportunities to sin.
C)She thought that women were more intelligent than men,and therefore they could use reason to avoid temptations more easily.
D)She believed that the Virgin Mary frequently came to the aid of women facing temptation,saving them from sin.
E)She believed that God favored and protected women,while men were inherently sinners and creatures of the Devil.

Question 38

In medieval times,where did the bourgeoisie live?

A)in a fortified settlement
B)on a manor
C)at their lord's court
D)in a monastery
E)in temporary camps

Question 39

When the Seljuk Turks defeated the Byzantines near Manzikert,what saved Constantinople from being captured?

A)internal disputes among the Turks for shares of the land they had overrun
B)the strong support among Byzantines for the Macedonian dynasty
C)Manzikert's strong fortifications and importance as a trade depot
D)reinforcements of Frankish crusaders from the West
E)the military expertise of Alexius Comnenus

Question 40

What was unusual about the works of Hroswitha of Ganderheim?

A)She was a female author who wrote about women.
B)She composed religious music still used in Germany.
C)The Virgin Mary plays a major role in the stories and legends she recorded.
D)She researched and wrote down a history of the cloister where she lived.
E)She wrote in Latin while most of her contemporaries wrote in German.

Question 41

When Charles the Simple ceded French land to the Viking chief Rollo,what became of his followers who settled there?

A)They acculturated to French culture,adopting Christianity and becoming famous warriors.
B)They used their new home as a base for taking over the rest of France.
C)They were soon driven out by hostile Frankish knights.
D)They continued their barbaric ways,leaving the duchy weak and divided.
E)They remained a hostile threat to their neighbors until defeated by Otto II.

Question 42

Why were the Norman nobles who supported William's conquest of England willing to accept him as a strong ruler?

A)They were few in number and initially unpopular with their new Anglo-Saxon subjects.
B)They admired William's exceptional military ability and courage.
C)There was not enough land to share,and they needed the salaries William paid them.
D)William issued a Charter of Liberties in which he pledged not to abuse his powers.
E)The Danegeld tax was still in effect,so the nobles stood to gain financially.

Question 43

What was the main reason Alexius Comnenus asked Pope Urban II to use the church's communication network to recruit warriors for him?

A)The Byzantines were short on manpower,while Western Europe had a surplus.
B)Alexius had heard that Frankish warriors were especially strong and brave.
C)The Muslims holding the territory they had taken from the Byzantines were in disarray and vulnerable.
D)Improved communication from East to West made such a recruitment effort feasible for the first time.
E)He wanted to bring the West into the Orthodox Church.

Question 44

What was the most important factor that limited the effectiveness of all medieval European monarchies?

A)The hereditary succession system often led to dynastic interruptions and disputes.
B)Secular rulers had to accept the right of the pope to appoint kings.
C)Continued barbarian raids forced kings to focus on defense rather than improving their own country.
D)The European economy was too weak to support more effective states.
E)Poor nutrition and hygiene meant that devastating plagues were common,even among royals.

Question 45

What document reaffirmed the principle that an English monarch was accountable to his people?

Question 46

How did the development of towns drive the evolution of medieval society?

A)Towns made possible a class of free people,able to travel and choose their occupation.
B)By reducing the number of laborers raising food,towns made life on isolated farms more difficult.
C)Towns gave merchants a place to meet and trade,which they had lacked before towns emerged.
D)By concentrating more people in fortified towns,wars between European states became more difficult to wage.
E)The tendency of serfs to flee into towns made lords hostile to such cultures,increasing internal tensions.

Question 47

What strategy did the church use that allowed it to steadily gain power over secular monarchs?

A)It consistently claimed more power in theory than it had in practice,and therefore they always gained through compromises.
B)It used the threat of excommunication to force unruly monarchs into yielding to the church.
C)It encouraged monarchs to give land to the church on the grounds that clergy would be more loyal than ambitious lords.
D)It encouraged them to engage in costly crusades,which weakened their financial resources and manpower.
E)It agreed to make candidates for church offices give an oath of homage to kings in return for a generous fee.

Question 48

What were the two early medieval centers for international trade in Europe?

Question 49

When Sancho III of Navarre proposed a holy war to liberate Spain from the Muslims,what was the response?

A)The church endorsed the war and the monks of Cluny vigorously promoted it.
B)The church ignored his proposal,claiming that protecting the Byzantine Empire took priority.
C)Umayyad forces counterattacked Sancho's kingdom,forcing him to abandon the project.
D)The idea became so popular that it soon turned into the First Crusade.
E)Christian armies quickly pushed the Umayyads out of Spain.

Question 50

How did the first capitalist ventures differ from the business practices of medieval guilds?

A)As trade routes developed to distant markets,capitalist industries began to produce surpluses of goods.
B)Global warming led to increased population,creating more consumers and thus stimulating the need for more goods.
C)Guilds regularly oversaturated their markets,leading to economic hardship.
D)Capitalist ventures understood that the goal of an isolated community is self-sufficiency.
E)Increased opportunities to trade removed workers' motivation to produce surpluses.

Question 51

The high point of the crusades was reached when armies of the First Crusade conquered

Question 52

What was one reason that lords were inclined to let serfs sell surplus crops in towns?

A)Serfs could use the profits to buy privileges,and lords needed the money to maintain their standard of living.
B)If the lord's household could not consume the surplus food,it would have to be wasted regardless.
C)The active economy this trade created made the town a good place for lords to buy goods as well.
D)Lords needed to keep their workers on the farm to keep the manor going.
E)It was inconvenient and inefficient for the lord to attempt to sell the surplus crops himself.

Question 53

Leo III's edict against worshiping religious art was known as

Question 54

What made salaried officials more likely to be loyal to a medieval monarch than the landed nobles?

A)If the official did not support the king,it was easy to cut off his wages.
B)Ordinary people wanted a strong government that provided security and favored trade.
C)Salaried officials preferred a weak king who wouldn't threaten their interests.
D)Currency was very rare at this time,therefore a salary was a very desirable thing to have.
E)Townspeople and churchmen had no other source of income and needed the salaries.

Question 55

The Investiture Controversy revolved around what conflict?

A)a king's right to appoint candidates to church office
B)German nobles' right to elect their king
C)whether fiefs could become hereditary
D)whether the pope was also king of Rome
E)the church's right to grant fiefs to its vassals

Question 56

What did the crusaders do when they captured Jerusalem in 1099?

A)They slaughtered everyone they found.
B)They protected Christians and noncombatants from harm.
C)They negotiated a peaceful surrender from the Muslim authorities.
D)They imprisoned all male inhabitants until they could sort out who was loyal.
E)They conducted a mass execution of Muslim defenders.

Question 57

Alfred the Great confined the Viking invaders to a region called

Question 58

Why was Muslim scholarship slow to make inroads in medieval Western culture?

A)Western intolerance of Islam led scholars to distrust any books or ideas that passed through Muslim hands.
B)Muslims saw their scholarship as sacred and refused to share it with the West.
C)Arab speakers never learned to speak other languages,preventing the spread of their ideas.
D)Muslim scholarship was far behind European intellectual life of the time.
E)The few Muslim texts that reached the West were full of errors,leading Western scholars to dismiss all Muslim sources.

Question 59

How did Henry's Charter of Liberties contradict the church's teaching at the time?

A)The church taught that only God,not his subjects,could judge a king.
B)Henry stated that freedom of religion was a universal right for all English people.
C)The church stated that a king was obligated to act for the benefit of all his people.
D)The Charter implied that the king's authority derived directly from God.
E)Henry banned the popular practice of venerating icons.

Question 60

How was Pope Urban II's call for Franks to fight in the crusade consistent with the objectives of the Truce of God and the Peace of God?

A)These movements were aimed at pacifying European nations,and the crusade was a campaign against foreigners.
B)The crusade gave warriors,who were otherwise prone to brawling,something constructive to do.
C)The crusades were planned to take place at times of the year when there were few religious holidays.
D)Crusaders were careful not to attack clergy,women,and noncombatant peasants.
E)The knights were only permitted to use weapons that shed no blood.