Deck 23: The Troubled Interwar Years

Question 1

Who backed Admiral Miklos Horthy when he took power in Hungary?

A)military and church leaders
B)German nationalists
C)the poor and middle classes
D)Hungarian Jews
E)the unemployed

Answer 1

military and church leaders

Question 2

In the spring of 1936,a failed takeover of the Japanese government was led by

A)ultranationalist army officers.
B)Soviet agents.
C)pro-American business leaders.
D)Japanese communists.
E)anti-imperialist liberals.

Answer 2

ultranationalist army officers.

Question 3

In place of Lenin's NEP or New Economic Policy,Stalin proposed

A)a series of Five-Year Plans.
B)a return to capitalism.
C)a New Deal.
D)a decentralized economic system.
E)spreading socialism worldwide.

Answer 3

a series of Five-Year Plans.

Question 4

What fraction of the labor force was out of work in Britain and the United States in 1933?

A)one fourth
B)one half
C)one tenth
D)one third
E)three-quarters

Question 5

Approximately what fraction of Germany's Jewish population fled Germany by the start of World War II?

A)one-half
B)one-third
C)one-quarter
D)three-quarters
E)one-tenth

Question 6

What group was stripped of German citizenship by the Nuremberg Laws?

A)Jews
B)communists
C)Catholics
D)anyone of French or Russian ancestry
E)homosexuals

Question 7

Recruitment to Mussolini's Fascist Party was especially strong among

A)unemployed ex-soldiers
B)businessmen
C)industrialists
D)women
E)military servicemen

Question 8

What percentage of Americans controlled one-third of the total personal wealth in America during the 1920s?

A)5 percent
B)35 percent
C)25 percent
D)15 percent
E)45 percent

Question 9

Which country offered official military assistance to Franco during the Spanish Civil War?

A)Germany
B)England
C)United States
D)France
E)Denmark

Question 10

Jose Ortega y Gasset was a Spanish writer who

A)questioned the value of mass democracy.
B)argued that capitalism was doomed.
C)believed liberalism would save Europe.
D)foretold a coming cultural golden age.
E)trusted the masses to check the power of elites.

Question 11

Walter Gropius and the Bauhaus school represented an international style of

A)architecture.
B)clothing design.
C)fiction writing.
D)painting.
E)orchestral music.

Question 12

The lead up to World War II began in Asia with Japan's 1931 attack on

A)Manchuria.
B)Indonesia.
C)the Philippines
D)Pearl Harbor.
E)Vietnam.

Question 13

Who organized the Italian Fascist Party in 1919?

A)Benito Mussolini
B)Vittorio Emanuele Orlando
C)Miklos Horthy
D)Adolf Hitler
E)Josef Stalin

Question 14

Which nation did France consider the greatest threat to its security during the 1920s?

A)Germany
B)Russia
C)Britain
D)Italy
E)Spain

Question 15

The term "Nazi" is an acronym for the German

A)National Socialist German Workers' Party
B)Free Labor Party
C)Party of the National Consciousness
D)People's Democratic Party
E)Social Revolutionary Party

Question 16

Who fled to Mexico and was assassinated in 1940?

A)Leon Trotsky
B)Joseph Stalin
C)Nikolai Bukharin
D)Sergei Eisenstein
E)Alexander Kerensky

Question 17

Which world leader attempted a plan to stimulate economic growth called the New Deal?

A)Franklin Delano Roosevelt
B)Leon Blum
C)King George V
D)Stanley Baldwin
E)Josef Stalin

Question 18

The plan that reduced and rescheduled Germany's payments while also guaranteeing American loans to the Weimar government after WW I was named for its author,

A)Charles Dawes.
B)Ramsay MacDonald.
C)Herbert Hoover.
D)Gustav Stresemann.
E)John Maynard Keynes.

Question 19

Who successfully gained power after Lenin's death?

A)Joseph Stalin
B)Leon Trotsky
C)Nikolai Bukharin
D)Sergei Eisenstein
E)Adolf Hitler

Question 20

What was the style of art imposed by Soviet authorities dedicated to eliminating decadent bourgeois themes?

A)socialist realism
B)socialist romanticism
C)Soviet impressionism
D)natural Bolshevism
E)democratic expressionism

Question 21

Which is the best explanation of deficit spending,an idea promoted by John Maynard Keynes?

A)borrowing aggressively during a time of economic contraction
B)limiting credit to foreign entities
C)erecting high tariffs to protect local producers
D)cuts in government spending during economic boom times
E)patience during a downturn to allow the market corrects itself

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the "International Style"?

A)ornate decoration
B)simplicity
C)utility
D)affordability
E)modernism

Question 23

What was the primary objective in the alliance between France and Poland,Yugoslavia,Czechoslovakia,and Romania?

A)to isolate Germany and the Soviet Union
B)to develop economic ties throughout Europe
C)to participate in international peace talks
D)to promote socialism in Europe
E)to keep the United States out of European affairs

Question 24

Francisco Franco was the leader of the Spanish

A)Falangist Party.
B)Popular Front.
C)Communist Party.
D)Democratic Workers' Party.
E)Partida Fascista.

Question 25

What did Hindenberg hope would happen when he offered Hitler the Chancellorship of Germany?

A)Hitler and the Nazis would moderate their policies.
B)The Nazis would solve all of Germany's problems.
C)Hitler would be unable to govern and would be discredited.
D)The Jews would be stripped of their influence.
E)Democracy in Germany would be overthrown.

Question 26

What happened when Mussolini offered compensation to the Catholic Church for property the Italian government had seized as well as taxation concessions and other favors to win their support?

A)The Church officially recognized Mussolini's government.
B)The Church demanded change in the anti-Semitic laws.
C)The Church rejected his overtures.
D)The Church withdrew from any role in public life.
E)Mussolini was forced to concede that Italians were more loyal to the Church than the state.

Question 27

What was the root cause of the hyperinflation of the German mark under the Weimar Republic?

A)the unrestricted printing of additional paper money
B)the humiliating Versailles Treaty
C)the leadership of the Social Democrats
D)the great debt incurred by the former government
E)the collapse of the German banks

Question 28

Where was Hitler when he wrote his autobiography,Mein Kampf?

A)in prison
B)in the hospital
C)in exile in Russia
D)serving in the Reichstag
E)fighting in World War I

Question 29

Bolshevism differed from Fascism in rejecting

A)racism and imperialist nationalism.
B)the use of a powerful secret police.
C)the rejection of liberal concepts of human rights.
D)the creation of a cult of the leader.
E)the imposition of a single-party political system.

Question 30

Who were the kulaks killed or exiled under Stalin?

A)small landowners
B)Orthodox priests
C)leaders of industrial unions
D)Roman Catholics
E)Russian Jews

Question 31

As Hitler recognized,a totalitarian government in a democratic age

A)could succeed by channeling popular discontent.
B)could only come to power by illegal means.
C)had to use military force to maintain power.
D)was a contradiction in terms.
E)could succeed by winning support of the elite.

Question 32

What was the result of Hitler's attempt to overthrow the state government of Bavaria?

A)He failed and was imprisoned.
B)He assumed leadership of Bavaria.
C)He was exiled to Russia.
D)He was appointed chancellor of Germany.
E)The Nazi Party was dissolved.

Question 33

After Lenin died,Stalin became the Soviet leader

A)by controlling the party organization and ruthlessly destroying all his rivals.
B)because Lenin had enthusiastically supported him.
C)by denouncing Lenin and promising to undo all his work.
D)in a democratic Politburo election.
E)because he was the only native Russian among the Bolshevik leadership.

Question 34

How did Hitler become Chancellor of Germany?

A)He was offered the position by President Hindenburg.
B)He was appointed by Kaiser Wilhelm.
C)He was elected by a majority in the Reichstag.
D)He led a violent coup d'etat.
E)The Nazis won an overwhelming majority in national elections.

Question 35

Leni Riefenstahl and Joseph Goebbels played important roles in

A)pro-Nazi German propaganda.
B)anti-Fascist art.
C)organizing the Five-Year Plans.
D)setting up concentration camps.
E)the democratic resistance to Hitler.

Question 36

What was the effect on Europe when the United States increased tariffs on imported goods?

A)Demand for European goods declined.
B)Demand for European goods increased.
C)Manufacturers had to open more factories to compete.
D)European manufacturers became the financial hub of the global community.
E)Europe was able to avoid the worst effects of the Depression.

Question 37

Which of the following does NOT describe the Weimar Republic in Germany after World War I?

A)The Republic was able to shed responsibility for the burden of war reparations.
B)The Republic included a legislature elected by the people.
C)The constitution clamed that political authority came from the people.
D)Civil liberties and enlightened liberal ideals were reflected.
E)Fair elections were held based on wide suffrage.

Question 38

The period of the "Great Terror" was part of the culture of

A)Stalinist Russia.
B)the Great Depression in the United States.
C)Nazi Germany.
D)Fascist Italy.
E)Spain under Franco.

Question 39

Unlike most contemporary European leaders,Hitler was actually successful at

A)jump-starting the economy and pulling Germany out of the Depression.
B)maintaining international peace in a period of conflict.
C)living up to the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.
D)winning repeated democratic elections.
E)keeping Germany out of other nation's problems

Question 40

Finish the analogy: German Nazis are to worldwide Jewry as Soviets under Stalin are to

A)capitalists.
B)Fascists.
C)collectivists.
D)artists.
E)socialists.

Question 41

In reversing the New Economic Policy implemented by Lenin,Stalin

A)destroyed the landowning peasant class.
B)shifted focus from industry to agriculture.
C)abandoned orthodox Marxism.
D)all but destroyed the Russian economy.
E)ensured that all Russians shared equally in economic progress.

Question 42

What conditions led to an unstable Japan in the early 1930s?

A)global depression and rising import tariff barriers
B)burdensome deficit spending
C)the growth of labor unions
D)high military expenditures
E)falling exports and crop failures

Question 43

How did Hitler use the Hitler Youth to his advantage?

Question 44

The tragic irony of William Keylor's statement,"organized violence on a large scale,or the preparation for it,has proved to be the most effective remedy for the economic problems of underconsumption and unemployment" is that

A)it explains why totalitarian states may be more successful than democracies in pulling a country out of depression.
B)while totalitarians may believe it,history proves it is false.
C)totalitarian policies are no more successful than democratic policies in the economic sphere.
D)violence has never led a nation to greatness,even in the short term.
E)economics has less to do with history than ideology.

Question 45

What was the significance of Picasso's famous work Guernica?

A)The work showed the horror of the atrocities committed by both sides during the Spanish Civil War.
B)The work showed the righteousness of the republican cause in the Spanish Civil War.
C)Spaniards on both sides of the civil war demanded peace.
D)The work blamed all of the violence in Spain on the Soviets.
E)The work glorified Franco and helped him seize power.

Question 46

What was collectivization?

Question 47

What term collectively describes the governments that arose between the wars in Germany,Italy,Russia,and Japan?

Question 48

Which one of the following is NOT true of postwar Britain?

A)Unemployment fell dramatically.
B)The Labour Party replaced the Liberals as the main opposition to the Conservatives.
C)Further democratization occurred.
D)Britain was eager to see Germany return to its prewar prosperity.
E)Britain resisted defensive alliances with France.

Question 49

France's attitude toward Germany after the war was

Question 50

What was the only serious institutional rival to Mussolini's Fascist program?

Question 51

What was Stalin's primary strength in the succession struggle against Trotsky and Bukharin?

A)Stalin was a better propagandist than his rivals.
B)Stalin was more cultured than his rivals.
C)Stalin was smarter than his rivals.
D)Stalin was Russian and his rivals were non-Russian.
E)Stalin was more ethical than his rivals.

Question 52

Stalin's purges are best described as

A)evidence that Stalin demanded absolute obedience in all areas of life.
B)a tragic mistake that weakened Stalin's leadership.
C)proof that Stalin was a madman.
D)regrettable,but necessary to stamp out counter-revolutionary activists.
E)having little impact on most Russians.

Question 53

Which of the following was NOT a measure taken by the Nazi Party to control the German people?

A)Families were limited to two children.
B)Freedoms of speech,assembly,and press were eliminated.
C)Campaigns were conducted to eliminate homosexuality.
D)American jazz was condemned.
E)Modernist art was condemned.

Question 54

What inference can you make about the lesson that Europeans took from the League of Nation's reaction to Japan's invasion of Manchuria?

A)They learned that the League would not interfere in their own territorial grabs.
B)They learned that the leaders of the League of Nations could be easily bribed.
C)They learned that the League of Nations would cost the European governments more money than it was worth.
D)They learned that the League of Nations was a force to be reckoned with if they planned a similar power grab.
E)They learned that the League of Nations had little interest in Asian power struggles.

Question 55

How did Soviet farmers react to the first of the Five-Year Plans?

A)They resisted strongly and destroyed their crops.
B)They resisted weakly and then succumbed to government pressures.
C)They supported the program out of economic self-interest.
D)They left the agricultural regions and moved to cities.
E)They wholeheartedly supported the measure and worked according to the political directives.

Question 56

What factors were responsible for the breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1990s?

A)ethnic and religious upheaval dating from the interwar years
B)religious tolerance and peaceful negotiations
C)the legacy of alliances with Stalinist Russia
D)the legacy of associations with Fascist Germany
E)the poor relationship between the nation and the Catholic Church

Question 57

What was the main job of the propaganda minister under Hitler?

A)the control of the media in support of the Nazi ideals
B)the demonization of foreign influences
C)the demonization of worldwide Jewry
D)communicating the social realism of the Depression
E)the promotion of industry

Question 58

Why was it important for Hitler to assassinate the leaders of the Nazi SA organization?

A)The existence of the Nazi SA prevented the German military from aligning with Hitler.
B)The SA was suspicious of Hitler's intentions.
C)The SA leaders were Jewish.
D)The German military demanded the elimination of the SA leadership in exchange for support of Hitler's leadership.
E)The SA was infiltrated with communists.

Question 59

Riefenstahl's film."The Triumph of the Will," is best described as

A)an expression of the totalitarian view of the leader and the people.
B)evidence that not all Germans supported Hitler.
C)a subtle critique of Hitler.
D)shallow,unconvincing,and ineffective.
E)showing the limits of propaganda to influence viewers.

Question 60

How did Hitler's policies,after coming to power,confirm the predictions of Jose Ortega y Gasset?

A)Those who did not conform to Nazi ideals were destroyed.
B)The Nazis struggled to impose their ideas on a mass society.
C)Germans successfully resisted Nazi racial policies.
D)Hitler was forced to make concessions to democratic parties.
E)Hitler could only remain in power by protecting personal freedoms from state interference.