Question 1

What do we call judgments about people,situations,objects,or thoughts?&#10;A)cognitions&#10;B)stereotypes&#10;C)attitudes&#10;D)attributions

Accepted Answer

Attitudes refer to our evaluations or judgments about people, situations, objects, or thoughts. Cognitions refer to mental processes such as thinking and reasoning. Stereotypes are generalizations about a group of people. Attributions refer to explanations for the causes of behavior.

Question 2

Which term refers to a set of characteristics believed to be shared by all members of a particular group?&#10;A)stereotype&#10;B)expectation&#10;C)classification&#10;D)categorization

Accepted Answer

A stereotype refers to a set of fixed characteristics, qualities, and attributes believed to be shared by all members of a particular group. It is a generalization about a group of people that may or may not be accurate. Stereotypes can be harmful and can lead to prejudice and discrimination.

Question 3

The hormone associated with aggression seems to be ___________.&#10;A)testosterone&#10;B)estrogen&#10;C)MDH&#10;D)peptone

Accepted Answer

Testosterone is commonly associated with aggressive behavior in both males and females. High levels of testosterone have been linked to increased levels of aggression, dominance behavior, and competitiveness.

Question 4

Attributions are __________________.&#10;A)explanations that account for one's own behaviors and/or the behaviors of others.&#10;B)innate personality traits&#10;C)genetic predispositions to behave a certain way&#10;D)physical qualities people have such as attractiveness

Accepted Answer

Attributions are explanations that account for one's own behaviors and/or the behaviors of others.

Question 5

What term do psychologists use to describe our liking of other people?&#10;A)love&#10;B)appeal&#10;C)interpersonal attraction&#10;D)cognitive dissonance

Accepted Answer

Psychologists use the term "interpersonal attraction" to describe our liking of other people. This term encompasses both romantic attraction and liking friendships. Love and appeal are related concepts, but not specific terms used in psychology to describe our liking of other people. Cognitive dissonance is a psychological term used to describe the mental distress experienced by holding two contradictory beliefs or values simultaneously.

Question 6

How can a coach get his football team to perform better if he suspects they are exhibiting social loafing?&#10;A)introduce new challenges&#10;B)get the captain to apply pressure&#10;C)grade their individual performances&#10;D)ignore the behavior

Accepted Answer

Grading individual performances can help reduce social loafing by holding each team member accountable for their contributions, thus encouraging them to put in more effort.

Question 7

It is 1951,and you are required to participate in a perception experiment.You join seven others seated in a room.You are shown a 10-inch test line and must choose the line that matches it in length from a choice of three lines.The experimenter,Solomon Asch,is studying ________.

A)bystander apathy
B)social loafing
C)groupthink
D)conformity

Accepted Answer

Solomon Asch's experiment was studying conformity, which is the tendency for individuals to change their beliefs or behaviors in order to fit in with a group.

Question 8

Some have suggested that the results of Milgram's obedience study may have been due to the __________ effect.&#10;A)reciprocity&#10;B)indebtedness&#10;C)foot-in-the-door&#10;D)returning-a-favor

Accepted Answer

The foot-in-the-door effect refers to the phenomenon where people are more likely to comply with a large request after first agreeing to a smaller, more manageable request. In Milgram's experiment, participants were gradually asked to increase the voltage of electric shocks they administered to a "learner" in another room, starting with a small shock and increasing in increments. This can be seen as an example of the foot-in-the-door technique, as participants were more likely to comply with the larger shocks after already agreeing to the smaller ones.

Question 9

What process describes the use of social influence to cause other people to change their attitudes and behavior?&#10;A)enticement&#10;B)persuasion&#10;C)conversion&#10;D)affectance

Accepted Answer

Persuasion is the process of using social influence to change the attitudes and behavior of others. This can be done through various techniques such as presenting compelling arguments, using emotional appeals or social proof, and building credibility and trust. A successful persuasion attempt can lead to behavioral change, adoption of new beliefs, or reinforcement of existing attitudes.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT an example of &#34;groupthink&#34;?&#10;A)the Challenger disaster&#10;B)the Titanic&#10;C)the Boston Red Sox&#10;D)Bay of Pigs

Accepted Answer

The Boston Red Sox is not an example of groupthink. The other options all involve a situation where a group made a flawed decision due to conformity and pressure to maintain group harmony. The Boston Red Sox is a sports team and individuals on the team may have their own opinions and decision-making processes that do not necessarily involve groupthink.

Deck 13: B: Psychological Disorders