Question 1

Christa and Sal are anticipating the birth of their first baby.Before the baby arrives,they want to fix up the nursery with new wallpaper.They seek the advice of a developmental psychologist.What is she likely to tell them?

A)Newborns prefer to look at complex three-dimensional patterns rather than simple one-dimensional ones.
B)Newborns prefer to look at animals rather than people.
C)Newborns do not see well enough to make any difference.
D)Newborns prefer to look at simple one-dimensional patterns rather than complex ones.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that newborns prefer to look at complex three-dimensional patterns rather than simple one-dimensional ones. Therefore, the developmental psychologist is likely to advise Christa and Sal on choosing wallpaper with complex patterns rather than simple ones.

Question 2

The period of five to ten years during which a woman's reproductive system begins to decline is called_______.&#10;A)climacteric&#10;B)perimenopause&#10;C)menopause&#10;D)postmenopause

Accepted Answer

The period of five to ten years during which a woman's reproductive system begins to decline is called perimenopause. The climacteric is the entire transitional period of decreasing reproductive function that begins during the mid-30s and ends with menopause. Menopause is the point at which menstruation permanently ceases, and postmenopause is the time after menopause has occurred.

Question 3

Obedience to rules because of the fear of punishment is a characteristic of__________.&#10;A)conventional morality&#10;B)preconventional morality&#10;C)principled morality&#10;D)postconventional morality

Accepted Answer

Obedience to rules because of the fear of punishment is a characteristic of preconventional morality, which is the first stage in Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development. In this stage, individuals are motivated by avoiding punishment and seeking rewards. They follow rules only to avoid the negative consequences of breaking them.

Question 4

The correct sequence of the five stages of death and dying postulated by K&#252;bler-Ross is ______.&#10;A)denial,anger,bargaining,depression,and acceptance&#10;B)denial,anger,bargaining,acceptance,and depression&#10;C)anger,denial,bargaining,acceptance,and depression&#10;D)anger,denial,bargaining,depression,and acceptance

Accepted Answer

The five stages of death and dying postulated by Kübler-Ross are denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance, in that order. Option A correctly lists them in the correct sequence.

Question 5

Infant reflexes are______.&#10;A)innate involuntary behavior patterns&#10;B)voluntary behavior patterns&#10;C)learned&#10;D)not used as a means for survival

Accepted Answer

Infant reflexes are innate involuntary behavior patterns that help with survival and development. These reflexes include the rooting reflex, grasp reflex, and sucking reflex, among others. They are not learned behaviors and are present from birth.

Question 6

The theory of adjustment to aging that assumes older people are happier if they remain active in some way,such as volunteering or developing a hobby,is called_________.&#10;A)activity theory&#10;B)wear-and-tear theory&#10;C)disengagement theory&#10;D)cellular clock theory

Accepted Answer

The theory described in the question is the activity theory, which proposes that older people are happier if they remain active and engaged in life. The wear-and-tear theory suggests that the body wears out over time, leading to aging and eventually death. The disengagement theory proposes that older people gradually withdraw from social roles and responsibilities as they age. The cellular clock theory suggests that cells can only divide a certain number of times, leading to aging and eventual death.

Question 7

________refers to heredity and __________ refers to environmental influences.&#10;A)Nature;nurture&#10;B)Cognition;emotion&#10;C)Nurture;behavioral genetics&#10;D)Cross-sectional;longitudinal

Accepted Answer

Nature refers to the genetic or hereditary traits that a person inherits from their parents and ancestors, while nurture refers to the environmental factors that shape a person's personality, behavior, and development.

Question 8

A baby's language that consists of repetition of consonant-vowel combinations is called ______.&#10;A)cooing&#10;B)holophrasing&#10;C)telegraphic speech&#10;D)babbling

Accepted Answer

Babbling is the repetition of consonant-vowel combinations by a baby, typically between 6-10 months of age. Cooing refers to the early vocalizations made by infants, while holophrasing and telegraphic speech both refer to more advanced stages of language development in which the child uses single words or short phrases to communicate.

Question 9

Which of the following is defined as a gene that controls the appearance of a certain trait?&#10;A)recessive&#10;B)mutated&#10;C)recombinant&#10;D)dominant

Accepted Answer

A gene that controls the appearance of a certain trait is referred to as a dominant gene. The dominant gene is expressed when an individual is heterozygous or homozygous for the dominant allele.

Question 10

Which of Erik Erikson's psychosocial crises revolves around the child's learning to direct his or her own behavior?&#10;A)trust versus mistrust&#10;B)initiative versus guilt&#10;C)industry versus inferiority&#10;D)autonomy versus shame and doubt

Accepted Answer

The psychosocial crisis of autonomy versus shame and doubt occurs during the toddler years (ages 1-3) and is characterized by the child's efforts to assert their independence and autonomy. The child learns to direct their own behavior and make independent choices, such as choosing their own clothes or toys. Successful resolution of this crisis leads to feelings of confidence and self-control, while failure to resolve it can result in feelings of shame and doubt about one's abilities and actions.

Deck 9: B: Development Across the Life Span