Question 1

Learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than to the original,natural stimulus is called ________________.&#10;A)classical conditioning&#10;B)operant conditioning&#10;C)memory linkage&#10;D)adaptation

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning involves learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than the original, natural stimulus. It involves pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response. Operant conditioning involves learning to associate a behavior with a consequence, while memory linkage refers to the association between different memories. Adaptation refers to the process of becoming adjusted to a new environment or situation.

Question 2

Observational learning theory's foremost proponent is ______.&#10;A)Watson&#10;B)Thorndike&#10;C)Skinner&#10;D)Bandura

Accepted Answer

Observational learning theory is also known as social learning theory or modeling theory, and its foremost proponent is Albert Bandura.

Question 3

College students faced with unsolvable problems eventually give up and make only half?hearted attempts to solve new problems,even when the new problems can be solved easily.This behavior is probably due to ______.

A)learned helplessness
B)contingency blocking
C)latent learning
D)response generalization

learned helplessness

Accepted Answer

The behavior described is consistent with the concept of learned helplessness, where individuals learn to believe that they are unable to control or solve certain problems, leading to a lack of effort in future situations.

Question 4

Neurofeedback,a newer type of biofeedback,involves trying to change ____________.&#10;A)brain wave activity&#10;B)blood pressure&#10;C)heart rate&#10;D)body temperature

Accepted Answer

Neurofeedback involves using sensors to monitor brain wave activity and then providing feedback to help the individual learn how to regulate and change their brain wave patterns. Blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature are not the focus of neurofeedback.

Question 5

A Skinner box is most likely to be used in research on ______.&#10;A)classical conditioning&#10;B)operant conditioning&#10;C)vicarious learning&#10;D)cognitive learning

Accepted Answer

A Skinner box, also known as an operant conditioning chamber, is a device used in research on operant conditioning. It allows for the manipulation of environmental contingencies to study the effects on an organism's behavior. Classical conditioning, vicarious learning, and cognitive learning do not typically use a Skinner box as a research tool.

Question 6

Learning that takes place without actual performance (a kind of latent learning)is called _____________.&#10;A)the learning/performance distinction&#10;B)the innate performance preference&#10;C)the delayed learning paradigm&#10;D)the observational delay effect

Accepted Answer

The learning/performance distinction refers to the idea that learning can take place without actual performance, meaning that the learner can acquire knowledge or skills even if they do not immediately demonstrate them. This is a form of latent learning, where the learning remains dormant until it is needed or useful. The other choices do not accurately describe this concept.

Question 7

Rescorla's modern conceptualization of classical conditioning is based on the idea that ______________.&#10;A)the CS substitutes for the UCS&#10;B)there is a biological readiness for conditioning to occur between the CS and UCS&#10;C)the CS has to provide information about the coming of the UCS&#10;D)reinforcement must occur by providing a pleasant event

Accepted Answer

Rescorla's modern conceptualization of classical conditioning is based on the idea that the CS has to provide information about the coming of the UCS. Rescorla argued that classical conditioning occurs when the CS provides information about the occurrence of the UCS, allowing the organism to anticipate and prepare for the upcoming event. Therefore, the strength of the association between the CS and UCS depends on the degree to which the CS provides information about the UCS.

Question 8

The tendency to respond to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus is called _____________.&#10;A)stimulus generalization&#10;B)stimulus adaptation&#10;C)response generalization&#10;D)transfer of habit strength

Accepted Answer

Stimulus generalization occurs when a response that has been conditioned to a specific stimulus is also elicited by similar stimuli. For example, if a dog is conditioned to associate a bell ringing with being fed, it may also start salivating at the sound of a similar bell or even a buzzer.

Question 9

An example of a discriminative stimulus might be a ________________.&#10;A)stop sign&#10;B)the stimulus that acts as a UCS in classical conditioning&#10;C)the white rat in Watson's Little Albert study of producing phobias&#10;D)a knee jerk

Accepted Answer

A discriminative stimulus is a stimulus that indicates whether a particular response will lead to reinforcement. A stop sign is a prime example of a discriminative stimulus because it signals that if a driver stops their car, they will be rewarded with safety and avoid consequences such as a ticket or accident.

Question 10

Al must build 25 radios before he receives $20.What schedule of reinforcement is being used?&#10;A)a variable-ratio schedule&#10;B)a fixed-ratio schedule&#10;C)a fixed-interval schedule&#10;D)a continuous schedule

Accepted Answer

In a fixed-ratio schedule, reinforcement is delivered after a fixed number of responses. In this scenario, Al must build 25 radios before receiving $20, which is a fixed number of responses. Therefore, a fixed-ratio schedule is being used.

Deck 6: B: Learning