Question 1

Russell needs more of the drug he has been using to get the normal high he got when he first started.Russell is experiencing _______________.&#10;A)drug tolerance&#10;B)drug detoxification&#10;C)withdrawal&#10;D)overdrawal

Accepted Answer

Drug tolerance occurs when the body becomes accustomed to a certain drug and needs more of it to achieve the same effect. This is likely what Russell is experiencing, as he needs more of the drug to achieve the same high he once did. Drug detoxification refers to the process of removing drugs from the body, withdrawal is a set of symptoms that occur when a person stops taking a drug, and overwithdrawal is not a recognized term in the context of drug use.

Question 2

A sleep disorder that may require the use of a machine to force air gently into the nasal passages is called ________________.&#10;A)sleep apnea&#10;B)insomnia&#10;C)narcolepsy&#10;D)cataplexy

Accepted Answer

Sleep apnea is a disorder in which breathing is repeatedly interrupted during sleep. This can lead to loud snoring, fragmented sleep, and excessive daytime sleepiness. Treatment may involve the use of a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine to deliver air pressure to keep the airways open while sleeping. Insomnia refers to difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, while narcolepsy is a disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden onset of sleep. Cataplexy is a symptom of narcolepsy, in which a person experiences sudden muscle weakness or loss of muscle control triggered by emotions.

Question 3

Sleep spindles appear during ______ sleep.&#10;A)stage 1 (N1)&#10;B)REM&#10;C)stage 2 (N2)&#10;D)stage 4 (N4)

Accepted Answer

Sleep spindles are bursts of rapid brain wave activity that occur during stage 2 (N2) sleep. They are characterized by a frequency of 12-14 Hz and a duration of 1-2 seconds.

Question 4

Morphine and heroin duplicate the action of ____________.&#10;A)endorphins&#10;B)alcohol&#10;C)cigarettes&#10;D)LSD

Accepted Answer

Morphine and heroin duplicate the action of endorphins, which are natural opioids produced by the body to help manage pain and stress.

Question 5

Each of the following is a sleep disorder EXCEPT ______.&#10;A)narcolepsy&#10;B)REM rebound&#10;C)insomnia&#10;D)night terrors

Accepted Answer

Narcolepsy, insomnia, and night terrors are all recognized sleep disorders, but REM rebound is not. REM rebound is actually a normal phenomenon that occurs when a person experiences an increase in the amount of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep after a period of sleep deprivation.

Question 6

Which of the following pairs belong together?&#10;A)LSD;tetrahydrocannabinol&#10;B)marijuana;psilocybin&#10;C)MDMA;acetylcholine&#10;D)marijuana;tetrahydrocannabinol

Accepted Answer

Marijuana contains tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) as its main psychoactive component. LSD and psilocybin are both hallucinogens, but they come from different chemical classes than marijuana. MDMA works by altering the levels of neurotransmitters like serotonin, but it is not related to acetylcholine.

Question 7

The key to hypnotic induction seems to be related to ________________.&#10;A)the gender of the person doing the hypnotizing&#10;B)education&#10;C)state of suggestibility&#10;D)time of day

Accepted Answer

The state of suggestibility, or the individual's willingness and openness to suggestion, is the most important factor in hypnotic induction. This can be influenced by a variety of factors such as familiarity with the hypnotist, relaxation, and motivation. Gender, education, and time of day may have minor effects, but are not as significant as suggestibility.

Question 8

Our awareness of various mental processes,such as making decisions,daydreaming, reflecting,and concentrating,is called ______.&#10;A)consciousness&#10;B)creativity&#10;C)intelligence&#10;D)self-awareness

Accepted Answer

Consciousness refers to our awareness of various mental processes, including those listed in the question. Creativity and intelligence are related to mental processes but do not encompass the breadth of consciousness. Self-awareness refers specifically to the awareness of one's own existence and identity.

Question 9

Judith is startled when her 6-year-old daughter,Laura,sleepwalks into the family room.It is most likely that Laura is experiencing the ________ stage of the sleep cycle.&#10;A)REM&#10;B)first&#10;C)second&#10;D)fourth

Accepted Answer

Sleepwalking typically occurs during the deep stages of non-REM sleep, particularly in the fourth stage, which is also known as slow-wave sleep.

Question 10

All of the following result from sleep deprivation EXCEPT ________________.&#10;A)droopy eyelids&#10;B)irritability&#10;C)hyperalertness&#10;D)cognitive impairment

Accepted Answer

Sleep deprivation causes a decrease in alertness, not an increase. Droopy eyelids, irritability, and cognitive impairment are all common effects of sleep deprivation.

Deck 5: A: Consciousness