Question 1

Which endocrine gland controls all of the other endocrine glands?&#10;A)thyroid&#10;B)adrenal&#10;C)thymus&#10;D)pituitary

Accepted Answer

The pituitary gland is often referred to as the "master gland" because it produces and secretes hormones that control the function of other endocrine glands throughout the body. It is located at the base of the brain and is divided into two parts: the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary. The hormones produced by the pituitary gland play a vital role in regulating various functions in the body, such as growth and development, metabolism, reproduction, and stress response.

Question 2

The point at which the nerves from the left side of the body cross over into the right side of the brain,and vice versa,is the ______.&#10;A)reticular activating system&#10;B)pons&#10;C)medulla&#10;D)cerebellum

Accepted Answer

The point at which the nerves from the left side of the body cross over into the right side of the brain, and vice versa, is the medulla. This is known as the decussation of the pyramids. The reticular activating system is a network of neurons in the brainstem involved in regulating consciousness and alertness. The pons and cerebellum are also parts of the brainstem but do not play a role in the decussation of nerves.

Question 3

Which of the following are responsible for acting as a facilitator of communication between neurons?&#10;A)motor neurons&#10;B)interneurons&#10;C)sensory neurons&#10;D)reflexes

Accepted Answer

Interneurons are responsible for facilitating communication between neurons. Motor neurons control muscle movements, sensory neurons transmit sensory information to the brain, and reflexes are automatic responses to stimuli.

Question 4

The branchlike structures that receive messages from other neurons are called ______.&#10;A)axons&#10;B)nerve bundles&#10;C)dendrites&#10;D)synapses

Accepted Answer

Dendrites are the branchlike structures of a neuron that receive messages from other neurons. Axons are the elongated structures that transmit the messages to other neurons or to muscles and glands. Nerve bundles are a group of axons bundled together. Synapses are the junctions between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites or cell body of another neuron, where communication occurs.

Question 5

Which of the following is the section of the brain located at the rear and bottom of each cerebral hemisphere and contains the visual centers of the brain?&#10;A)occipital lobe&#10;B)parietal lobe&#10;C)temporal lobe&#10;D)frontal lobe

Accepted Answer

The occipital lobe is located at the rear and bottom of each cerebral hemisphere and contains the visual centers of the brain.

Question 6

Every deliberate action you make,such as pedaling a bike,walking,scratching,or smelling a flower,involves neurons in the ______ nervous system.&#10;A)sympathetic&#10;B)somatic&#10;C)parasympathetic&#10;D)autonomic

Accepted Answer

The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements like pedaling a bike or walking, as well as sensory information like scratching an itch or smelling flowers. The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are both part of the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary actions like heart rate and digestion.

Question 7

Which of the following are tiny sacs in a synaptic knob that release chemicals into the synapse?&#10;A)synaptic vesicles&#10;B)synaptic nodes&#10;C)terminal buttons&#10;D)synaptic gaps

Accepted Answer

Synaptic vesicles are tiny sacs in a synaptic knob that release chemicals, called neurotransmitters, into the synapse. This is an essential part of the communication between neurons. Synaptic nodes refer to the spaces between nodes of Ranvier in myelinated neurons, terminal buttons are at the end of axons and contain synaptic vesicles, and synaptic gaps refer to the small space between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron where neurotransmitters are released.

Question 8

Signals from the neurons of which sense are NOT sent to the cortex by the thalamus?&#10;A)hearing&#10;B)smell&#10;C)taste&#10;D)vision

Accepted Answer

Signals from the neurons of the olfactory sense (smell) bypass the thalamus and project directly to the olfactory cortex, which is located in the temporal lobe.

Question 9

Which of the following is the upper part of the brain consisting of two cerebral hemispheres and the structures that connect them?&#10;A)occipital lobe&#10;B)cerebrum&#10;C)corpus callosum&#10;D)cerebellum

Accepted Answer

The cerebrum is the upper part of the brain consisting of two cerebral hemispheres and the structures that connect them. The occipital lobe is a specific part of the cerebrum responsible for visual processing, while the corpus callosum is the specific structure connecting the two hemispheres. The cerebellum is located underneath the cerebrum and is responsible for motor coordination and balance.

Question 10

The area of the frontal lobe that is devoted to the production of fluent speech is ______ area.&#10;A)Broca's&#10;B)Gall's&#10;C)Wernicke's&#10;D)Korsakoff's

Accepted Answer

Broca's area, located in the left frontal lobe, is responsible for the production of fluent speech. It is also involved in the planning and processing of speech movements. Gall's and Korsakoff's areas are not related to speech production, and while Wernicke's area is involved in understanding language, it is not responsible for speech production.

Deck 3: B: The Biological Perspective