Deck 13: Education and Religion

Question 1

Of those who complete high school,a higher percentage of _____ go on to college.

A)whites
B)African Americans
C)Latinos
D)conflict theorists

Answer 1

A
whites

Question 2

Both mainstreaming and _____ refer to helping people to become part of the mainstream of society.

A)gatekeeping
B)credential society
C)home schooling
D)inclusion

Answer 2

D
inclusion

Question 3

The intended beneficial consequences of people's actions are known as

A)latent functions.
B)manifest functions.
C)credential society.
D)the cultural transmission of values.

Answer 3

B
manifest functions.

Question 4

In a self-fulfilling prophecy,the assertion was originally _____,and becomes _____.

A)true; false
B)true; true
C)false; true
D)false; false

Question 5

Regardless of whether children have high or low ability,they are more likely to go to college if their parents

A)did not go to college.
B)have high income.
C)come from a lower social class.
D)have low income.

Question 6

In Russia,

A)politicians are interested in using the educational system to shape minds,unlike in other countries.
B)there is vigorous competition among textbook publishers.
C)schools are critical of Russia's past.
D)politicians are interested in using the educational system to shape minds,as in other countries.

Question 7

Through _____,a student may influence teacher perceptions and receive higher grades.

A)signaling
B)showing off
C)lack of cooperation
D)disagreement with the teacher

Question 8

"Cultural capital" refers to privileges accompanying a social location that help someone in life,such as

A)having to work to help support your family while in school.
B)highly educated parents.
C)parents with a grade-school education.
D)speaking more than one language.

Question 9

_____ are the unintended consequences of people's actions.

A)Manifest functions
B)All functions
C)Latent functions
D)Only negative results

Question 10

Girish found himself in honors classes or special,smaller,more innovative versions of regular classes as soon as he entered high school.He had not asked for this; it just happened automatically,based on his performance in middle school and perhaps some tests he had taken along the way.Girish's experience is an example of

A)the credential society.
B)home schooling.
C)cultural transmission of values.
D)tracking.

Question 11

In the world's Least Industrialized Nations,_____,as was once common around the globe.

A)it is mainly the wealthy who get a formal education
B)no one goes to school
C)education is universal
D)education is illegal

Question 12

_____ refers to a function of education that funnels people into a society's various positions.

A)Home schooling
B)Social placement
C)Manifest function
D)Promoting the brightest

Question 13

Researchers found that from kindergarten to fifth grade,when children have equal test scores,_____ receive higher grades.

A)girls
B)students with poorer behavior
C)boys
D)the more difficult students

Question 14

Part of the hidden curriculum,according to conflict theorists,is

A)obedience to authority.
B)to make the United States the top nation in the world in math scores.
C)actually forbidden by law.
D)questioning authority.

Question 15

Inez was able to name the first few presidents of the United States from memory by the time she was in fifth grade.Schools extol a society's founders and pass on a society's core values through

A)inclusion.
B)gatekeeping.
C)the cultural transmission of values.
D)habit.

Question 16

From a conflict perspective,school funding

A)is actually quite equitable in the United States.
B)is irrelevant to the larger struggle.
C)shows its true colors by being based on property taxes.
D)is stacked against the poor in some,but not all,states.

Question 17

In a classic study by Ray Rist,it was determined by observation that each child's journey through school was essentially

A)haphazard and unpredictable.
B)completely like the other children's.
C)determined by the eighth day of kindergarten.
D)determined by the end of fifth grade.

Question 18

In grade schools in Japan,all children in a class

A)study the same page from the same textbook at the same time.
B)work with a state-provided tutor.
C)progress at their individual pace.
D)are required by law to attend a "cram school."

Question 19

Conflict theorists look at

A)the benefits of education.
B)reproduction of the social class structure by the educational system.
C)the usefulness of the hidden curriculum.
D)the way that education helps undermine the dominance of the elite.

Question 20

Intelligence tests

A)help to keep the social class system intact.
B)use neutral questions rather than culturally biased questions.
C)perform a useful function for society,according to conflict theorists.
D)are geared to help lower-class children perform well.

Question 21

Concerning deaths in school shootings,the trend over the last 20 years is _____ deaths.

A)a decrease in
B)a slight increase in
C)no change in
D)a doubling of

Question 22

Research shows that the power of _____ can help you to rise to many challenges in college and in life.

A)negative expectations
B)self-expectancy
C)signaling
D)blaming oneself

Question 23

When it comes to persecution,the history of religion shows that

A)persecution is universally condemned.
B)religion is frequently used as a justification for persecution.
C)persecution occurred in past centuries,but not in the present century.
D)persecution is universally encouraged.

Question 24

_____ is the transformation of traditional societies into industrial societies.

A)Modernization
B)The Protestant ethic
C)Animism
D)Reincarnation

Question 25

Weber used the term spirit of capitalism to describe the desire to accumulate capital

A)to deprive the poor of the means to live.
B)as an end in itself.
C)in order to help those less fortunate.
D)in order to spend it.

Question 26

Things that are not connected with religion,but are instead part of ordinary,everyday life,Durkheim called

A)profane.
B)sacred.
C)profound.
D)the church.

Question 27

Religion supports the status quo and helps to maintain social inequalities,according to the _____ perspective of sociology.

A)functionalist
B)born again
C)symbolic interactionist
D)conflict

Question 28

One of the positive functions of religion is to

A)provide emotional comfort in times of need.
B)persecute nonbelievers.
C)justify war.
D)justify terrorism.

Question 29

High school administrators across the nation have faked their graduation rates in order to

A)not lose funding.
B)show that they value honesty above all else.
C)help failing students.
D)improve educational standards.

Question 30

After doing a survey of worldwide religions,Durkheim defined _____ as beliefs and practices that separate the profane from the sacred and unite its adherents into a moral community.

A)delusion
B)the church
C)the truth
D)religion

Question 31

When we have a sudden awareness of the supernatural or a feeling of coming in contact with God,this is a(n)

A)religious experience.
B)example of ritual.
C)religious symbol.
D)example of cosmology.

Question 32

From the 1960s to the present,verbal scores in the SAT have

A)risen slightly.
B)risen greatly.
C)remained the same.
D)declined.

Question 33

In religion,_____is (are)observances or rites often intended to evoke a sense of awe of the sacred.

A)symbols
B)rituals
C)sacred texts
D)artwork

Question 34

Cosmology refers to

A)astronomy.
B)values about how we ought to live.
C)teachings or ideas that provide a unified picture of the world.
D)a religious experience.

Question 35

_____,for Durkheim,meant things connected with the supernatural.

A)Church
B)Sacred
C)Profane
D)Belief

Question 36

Before the American Civil War,Southern ministers used scripture to defend slavery from the pulpit.This is an example of the use of religion to

A)question authority.
B)foment change.
C)legitimate social inequalities.
D)stress that we are all equal in the eyes of God.

Question 37

With _____,students get passed from one grade to the next despite failing to learn the basic materials.

A)increasing literacy
B)increased standards for teachers
C)grade inflation
D)social promotion

Question 38

_____ refers to high school graduates who have never mastered things they should have learned in grade school.

A)Mediocrity
B)Grade inflation
C)Functional illiteracy
D)IQ adjustment

Question 39

_____ refers to higher grades given for the same work.

A)Social promotion
B)Grade inflation
C)Rising standards
D)Grade deflation

Question 40

_____ said that religion is the opium of the people.

A)Weber
B)Marx
C)Robertson
D)Ché Guevara

Question 41

It is difficult to tell where _____ ends and society's dominant culture begins,because they are so integrated.

A)a cult
B)an ecclesia
C)a sect
D)evangelism

Question 42

In the United States,the _____ of churches is based on _____.

A)integration; law.
B)segregation; law.
C)segregation; custom.
D)integration; custom.

Question 43

All religions began as

A)ecclesia.
B)sects.
C)animism.
D)cults.

Question 44

Taken literally,_____ is an extraordinary gift from God.

A)charisma
B)evangelism
C)ecclesia
D)a sect

Question 45

The American attitude toward the variety of religions can be summed up as

A)incredulity.
B)disdain for every religion except what one deems the correct religion.
C)ignoring them all.
D)tolerance.

Question 46

_____ is a new religion with few followers,whose teachings and practices put it at odds with the dominant culture and religion.

A)sect
B)ecclesia
C)church
D)cult

Question 47

How do sociologists today react to Weber's thesis that religion held the key to modernization?

A)The theory is generally reviled.
B)Sociologists continue to test Weber's theory.
C)All sociologists agree with the theory.
D)Weber's theory has had no influence on sociology.

Question 48

In the United States,religion is

A)independent of status consistency.
B)stratified by social class.
C)mainly made up of sects.
D)unaffected by social class.

Question 49

Although larger than a cult,a _____ still feels substantial hostility from and toward society.

A)religion
B)sect
C)church
D)state religion

Question 50

With hundreds of denominations in the United States,

A)there is no dominant religion.
B)the Episcopal Church is the dominant religion.
C)Roman Catholicism is the dominant religion.
D)historical black churches make up the dominant religion.