Deck 5: Socialization

Question 1

Identify which of the following is true about language.

A) It is the vehicle through which socialization occurs.
B) It affects how individuals think and perceive.
C) It gives meaning to symbols, not only words, but also objects such as the cross, the flag, and traffic lights.
D) All of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The ________ is Mead's concept that refers to the internalization of society's expectations.

A) generalized other
B) significant other
C) generalized self
D) looking-glass self

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Freud emphasized ________ as well as social factors in personality development.

A) biological
B) cultural
C) structural
D) psychological

Answer 3

A

Question 4

________ argued that society's expectations, when internalized, become part of an individual's perception of self.

A) George Herbert Mead
B) Charles H. Cooley
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Harold Garfinkel

Question 5

Identify which of the following is not a consequence of the increasing concentration of the media in the hands of a few corporations.

A) It results in an ideological monopoly, with various news sources offering little variety in perspective.
B) There is a greater emphasis on news, rather than on entertainment.
C) Cost containment takes priority over information gathering.
D) There is a shift in focus from local issues toward the types of issues expected to appeal to the greatest audience nationwide.

Question 6

________ is an essential part of socialization.

A) Discipline
B) Language
C) Education
D) Religion

Question 7

________ is a category of people of the same age and similar life experiences.

A) Age cohort
B) Peers
C) Contemporaries
D) Associates

Question 8

Sigmund Freud proposed the ________ view of socialization.

A) psychosubjective
B) psychoanalytic
C) psychosocial
D) psychopathic

Question 9

________ is the process of learning the culture by acquiring the meanings, ideas, and actions prevalent in society.

A) Indoctrination
B) Interchange
C) Socialization
D) Cultivating

Question 10

In ________'s view, the process of socialization is the process of society controlling individual energies directed toward pleasure.

A) George Herbert Mead
B) Charles H. Cooley
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Harold Garfinkel

Question 11

The concept of ________ refers to the idea that people's self-perception is a result of their interpretation of how others judge them.

A) generalized other
B) looking-glass self
C) reflective self
D) taking the role of others

Question 12

George Herbert Mead theorized that in the ___ stage, children begin to incorporate and understand societal pressures.

A) pleasure
B) play
C) game
D) internalization

Question 13

According to Mead's theory, during the ________ stage, children act out the behaviors associated with various social positions, and thus develop a rudimentary understanding of adult roles.

A) pleasure
B) play
C) game
D) internalization

Question 14

Charles H. Cooley (1864-1929) proposed that socialization occurs through a process of ________.

A) generalizing others
B) social organization
C) the looking-glass self
D) indoctrination

Question 15

Identify which of the following is not true of schools as agents of socialization.

A) They prepare youths by providing social time.
B) They transmit the attitudes, values, and skills necessary for the maintenance of society.
C) They focus on order and control.
D) They provide impersonal and regimented socialization.

Question 16

George Herbert Mead (1863-1931) proposed that people become socialized by ________.

A) the looking-glass self
B) taking the role of the other
C) Both A and B
D) None of the above

Question 17

Identify which of the following is an agent of socialization.

A) the family
B) the schools
C) the media
D) All of the above

Question 18

Identify which of the following is not true of families.

A) They act as the primary and first agent of socialization.
B) They provide a uniform plan for socializing children.
C) They provide for children's basic needs.
D) They indoctrinate children in the ways of society.

Question 19

In Freud's view, the process of ________ is a matter of society controlling the ________.

A) socialization / ego
B) socialization / id
C) acculturation / superego
D) acculturation / id

Question 20

Although we are biologically human beings at birth, it is only through ________ with other humans that we fulfill our potential of becoming human ourselves.

A) competition
B) interaction
C) socialization
D) association

Question 21

Even though children are biologically human,

A) they do not have limits established by their genetic composition.
B) their temperament does not unfold within predetermined boundaries.
C) they do not have the instincts that will make them human.
D) all of the above.

Question 22

Through their language, societies differ in how they conceive of

A) time.
B) space.
C) distance.
D) all of the above,

Question 23

Our ________ affects our life experiences because they tend to vary depending on when we are born.

A) age cohort
B) friends
C) educational cohort
D) health

Question 24

The conclusion from the study of Anna and other cases of isolated children is that

A) deprivation of social interaction during one's formative years denies the individual his humanness.
B) humanness is an instinctive condition that will eventually appear in all people.
C) becoming human is a matter of genetic inheritance and biological heritage.
D) anatomy determines one's future.

Question 25

American schools are ____, as evidenced by their rigid curriculum, schedules, and philosophy.

A) conservative
B) democratic
C) liberal
D) radical

Question 26

________ societies provide members with consistent messages regarding social norms and expectations.

A) Generalized
B) Heterogeneous
C) Homogeneous
D) Modern

Question 27

All of the following are recent trends in American society, EXCEPT

A) increasing percentage of younger people in the population.
B) increasing diversity in family types.
C) increasing enrollment in home and charter schools.
D) increasing populations of racial minorities.

Question 28

The mass media

A) provide the person most of the information to define sociopolitical reality.
B) play a very small role in promoting the existing values and practices of society.
C) have no impact on the person's view of the world and what is important.
D) maintain a clear line between news and entertainment.

Question 29

According to Kingsley Davis, the core of socialization is

A) superego development.
B) looking-glass self.
C) communicative contact.
D) awareness of significant others.

Question 30

The neutralization process whereby the parents' influence on the child is diminished by contrary values held by friends is currently

A) diminished by the school's support of the family.
B) facilitated by the decreasing amount of time parents spend with their children.
C) being undermined by the religious institution.
D) none of the above.

Question 31

A/an ________ is a category of people of the same age and life experiences.

A) primary group
B) secondary group
C) age cohort
D) peer group

Question 32

________ refers to people's wealth, occupation, education, ethnicity or race, gender, and family background.

A) Social location
B) Social status
C) Social definition
D) Social identity

Question 33

The ________ is the primary societal agent of socialization.

A) institution of religion
B) government
C) education
D) family

Question 34

According to Mead, the play stage provides

A) further clues for children as to who they are.
B) the final stage of personality development.
C) the introduction to the child of the significant other.
D) structured activities for the child.

Question 35

Which of the following in the person is a product of social interaction?

A) personality
B) self-concept
C) concepts of right and wrong
D) all of the above

Question 36

People who have superior ________ compared to others in the society are more likely to support the status quo.

A) value systems
B) social locations
C) educations
D) principles

Question 37

According to Cooley, our self concept is

A) based on our physique.
B) a result of superego development.
C) a product of how other people react to us.
D) developed in three separate stages.

Question 38

Newly born children

A) do possess a sense of self-awareness.
B) are able to distinguish between themselves and their environment.
C) have no sense of self-awareness.
D) both A and B.

Question 39

________ societies present a number of themes, variations, and counter themes.

A) Generalized
B) Heterogeneous
C) Homogeneous
D) Modern

Question 40

Those who are ________ compared to others in society are more likely to be antagonistic to the existing state of affairs and support changes beneficial to them.

A) less advantaged
B) middle class
C) more advantaged
D) affluent

Question 41

While in the play stage, the child's activities are ________, whereas in the game stage the activities are ________.

A) predictable / random
B) patterned / unstructured
C) fluid / structured
D) transitory / permanent

Question 42

In the imitation stage, the child

A) is internalizing the feelings of others.
B) is reacting to the generalized other.
C) is taking the role of the other.
D) is establishing gender identity.

Question 43

The ultimate societal agency for socialization is

A) school.
B) peer group.
C) family.
D) religion.

Question 44

About 80% of the daily newspaper circulation in the United States belongs to a few giant chains, such as

A) Gannett.
B) Knight-Ridder.
C) New York Times.
D) all of the above.

Question 45

When Mead describes a young child as self-conscious, he means that the child

A) is easily embarrassed.
B) recognizes generalized others.
C) reacts to himself as others react to the child.
D) is lacking in self-esteem.

Question 46

When a child plays ball, he comes to know the roles of all the players and adjusts his behaviors accordingly. This assessment of the entire situation is what Mead called the discovery of the

A) self-fulfilling prophecy.
B) generalized other.
C) looking-glass self.
D) superego.

Question 47

________ is the vehicle through which socialization occurs.

A) Thought
B) Language
C) Interaction
D) Cooperation

Question 48

A category of people of the same age is called

A) in-group.
B) reference group.
C) age cohort.
D) membership group.

Question 49

Human beings are essentially

A) the result of genetics.
B) social creations of society.
C) the product of their parents.
D) none of the above.

Question 50

The tendency for a society to produce a certain type of individual is referred to as

A) conformity.
B) modal personality.
C) cultural monism.
D) homogeneous culture.

Question 51

The emphasis on order in the public school serves to

A) foster good study habits.
B) prepare children for the organizational life of adulthood.
C) regiment children into unthinking robots.
D) none of the above.

Question 52

Mead's game stage occurs at about age

A) two.
B) four.
C) six.
D) eight.

Question 53

In the play stage, children learn what is expected of them by

A) significant others.
B) peer groups.
C) ego formation.
D) generalized other.

Question 54

Observers of Anna and other cases of isolated children discovered that being deprived of social interaction during one's formative years

A) lengthens life expectancy.
B) decreases IQ.
C) deprives individuals of their humanness.
D) all of the above.

Question 55

Mead referred to the child's activities in the play stage as

A) superego formation.
B) looking-glass self.
C) taking the role of the other.
D) experience in structured activities.

Question 56

Cooley's self-fulfilling prophecy refers to

A) accepting the definition of self based on the consistent reactions of others to the person.
B) the person's subsequent behavior being influenced by the reactions of others.
C) the definition of the individual by other people.
D) all of the above.

Question 57

Feral children have been found to have difficulty in

A) communication.
B) learning human speech patterns.
C) learning to walk like a human being.
D) all of the above.

Question 58

According to Mead, the child in the play stage learns who he is

A) by role reversal.
B) by taking the role of the other.
C) through anticipatory socialization.
D) as a result of parental modeling.

Question 59

A person develops a sense of self through

A) personality development.
B) social cognition.
C) interaction with other people.
D) intellectual development.

Question 60

Members of society internalize ________ through the process of ________.

A) culture / socialization.
B) norms / repression.
C) beliefs / propaganda.
D) self-concept / regimentation.

Question 61

Although we are biologically human beings at birth, it is only through interaction with other humans that we fulfill our potential of becoming human ourselves.

Question 62

The absence of clear and consistent expectations for members of a society is illustrated by

A) Canada.
B) Mexico.
C) Honduras.
D) United States.

Question 63

Superego is Mead's term that refers to the internalization of society's morals within the self.

Question 64

Because children are biologically human, they have the instincts and innate drives that will make them human.

Question 65

0.67. Which of the following states have non-White majorities?

A) California
B) Texas
C) New Mexico
D) all of the above

Question 66

The modal personality type is a distinct type of personality considered to be characteristic of the members of a particular society.

Question 67

Language gives meaning to symbols, not only words, but objects such as the cross, the flag, and traffic lights.

Question 68

The looking-glass self involving the feedback the individual receives from others is the critical process in the development of personality.

Question 69

Individuals are not born with prejudices, they learn them from their families and communities.

Question 70

Ego is Freud's term for the collection of urges and drives that persons have for pleasure and aggression.

Question 71

0.66. The United States is shifting from a predominantly Anglo-White society to a society with how many large racial/ethnic minorities?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

Question 72

0.64. The majority of private elementary and secondary schools attended by millions of children are

A) federally funded.
B) church-related.
C) state run.
D) government sanctioned.

Question 73

0.63. The prevalence of which of the following has more than doubled since 1970?

A) children living in two-parent households
B) children living with homosexual parents
C) children living in mother-only households
D) children living in bi- or multi-racial households

Question 74

When found, feral children look human, but act like the animals with whom they have had contact.

Question 75

An age cohort is a category of people of the same age.

Question 76

Charles H. Cooley (1864-1929) proposed that socialization occurs through a process of the looking-glass self.

Question 77

Language is an essential part of socialization.

Question 78

0.69. Which theorists would agree that children must be socialized into existing social values, morals, and expectations to maintain harmony?

A) order theorists
B) conflict theorists
C) feminist theorists
D) age cohort theorists

Question 79

0.68. Which generation is often seen as individualistic, resistant to authority, and skeptical about politics?

A) Baby Boomers
B) Generation X
C) Millennial Generation
D) Documentation Generation

Question 80

0.65. The chances of a modal personality type _____________ in the face of heterogeneity.

A) decrease
B) increase
C) remains steady
D) disappear