Deck 16: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Question 1

When she treats clients who have schizophrenia, Dr. Averil relies on antipsychotics to decrease the neurotransmitter that is linked to hallucinations and delusions. One problem with antipsychotics is that

A) they create some permanent memory loss and other types of cognitive damage because they actually destroy some brain tissue.
B) they produce profound personality changes, often leaving the patient listless or subject to seizures.
C) they can produce tardive dyskinesia.
D) they create dry mouth in individuals that take them.

Answer 1

they can produce tardive dyskinesia.

Question 2

Cade is seeing Dr. Olencia for help with self-esteem and self-confidence issues that he believes are rooted in his childhood. Dr. Olencia encourages Cade to keep a dream journal so that they can talk about his dreams during therapy. As a psychoanalytic therapist, Dr. Olencia believes that dream interpretation

A) can be used to access the human shadow.
B) can help clients achieve congruence.
C) helps clients centre themselves.
D) will provide access to Cade's unconscious.

Answer 2

will provide access to Cade's unconscious.

Question 3

Though Dr. York has never experienced many of the things his clients have and often imagines he would have made different choices if faced with the circumstances described to him, he always strives to accept his clients without judgment or evaluation. In other words, he tries to provide

A) genuineness.
B) interpretations.
C) unconditional positive regard.
D) empathy.

Answer 3

unconditional positive regard.

Question 4

When Lloyd receives his final grade in calculus, he is upset to see that he earned a D, rather than the B he expected. He spends the afternoon berating himself for not doing better on the final exam. In this case, the poor grade is the

A) activating event.
B) belief system.
C) consequence.
D) dispute or challenge.

Question 5

Damita and Anselmo's children have more power in the household than they do. They finally decide they've had enough and sign up for a parenting seminar. There they learn about a series of techniques that rely on operant conditioning to reduce children's undesirable behaviours and increase those that are desirable. In particular, they are encouraged to reinforce all desired behaviours systematically by allowing their children to earn plastic chips that can later be redeemed for predetermined rewards. This system is referred to as

A) a token economy.
B) a tricyclic.
C) a placebo control.
D) dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT).

Question 6

Takeshi is seeing Dr. Shakar to help her deal with her social phobia. Early in treatment, they built a list of 15 steps beginning with low-anxiety scenarios and ending with high-anxiety scenarios. Over time they have conquered many of the situations on the list, and it is time for Takeshi to try staying relaxed while walking down a busy street. The approach Dr. Shakar is using with Takeshi is called

A) flooding.
B) free association.
C) rational-emotive therapy.
D) systematic desensitization.

Question 7

River has been interested in a woman in his biology class for most of the semester. Since the class will end in a few days and he may not see her again in another class, he works up the nerve to ask her out. She apologetically tells him she has recently begun seeing someone and that she can't go out with him. River is embarrassed and disgusted with himself for not asking sooner. Based on the principles of Ellis's rational-emotive therapy, River feels bad because

A) the woman rejected him.
B) he won't see the woman again.
C) of the way he is thinking about the rejection.
D) he won't have a date for Friday night.

Question 8

Though Ripley typically thinks of himself as an A/B student, when he receives a C in British literature he's thrilled. He tells his sister that he was confused throughout the class and expected to fail it completely. Ripley feels better than he might have had he received the grade in another class due to

A) the fact that British literature is a notoriously difficult subject.
B) his belief system about the subject and the grade.
C) the fact that a C in one class won't destroy his grade point average.
D) his sister's support.

Question 9

Though Dr. York has never experienced many of the things his clients have, he is committed to putting himself "in their shoes" and trying to understand the world from their perspective. This is called

A) genuineness.
B) the empty-chair technique.
C) unconditional positive regard.
D) empathy.

Question 10

Avalon is seeing Dr. Tremaine for depression and anxiety. When she first visited him, she was worried that he would expect her to commit to years of therapy, but he said most of his clients require only 15 or 20 sessions. As they work together, Dr. Tremaine focuses on helping Avalon to recognize and restructure certain irrational thoughts and keep a journal of optional behaviours she can utilize in her interaction with other people. Dr. Tremaine is using

A) psychoanalysis.
B) cognitive-behavioural interventions.
C) interpersonal therapy.
D) Gestalt techniques.

Question 11

Ciara's therapist believes that her problems are rooted in her childhood and her unconscious, and that he can help her uncover the dynamics responsible for her problem. This awareness, also called ______________, will allow her to adjust her behaviour.

A) free association
B) insight
C) transference
D) client-centred therapy

Question 12

Ciara's therapist asks her to lie on the couch and talk about whatever comes to mind without censoring anything. This technique, called ______________, is meant to help the client and therapist find recurring themes or issues that can provide clues to the unconscious cause or causes of the problem.

A) free association
B) insight
C) transference
D) client-centred therapy

Question 13

During her first meetings with new clients, Ines explains that she uses a client-centred therapy. Therefore, her clients should not expect which of the following during their sessions?

A) genuine caring and acceptance
B) free association techniques
C) unconditional positive regard
D) honest feedback on how Ines is feeling about them

Question 14

Takeshi is seeing Dr. Shakar to help her deal with her social phobia. Early in treatment, they built a list of 15 steps beginning with low-anxiety scenarios and ending with high-anxiety scenarios. Over time, they have conquered many of the situations on the list, and it is time for Takeshi to try staying relaxed while walking down a busy street. The list of scenarios uses an approach called

A) systematic desensitization
B) Maslow's hierarchy.
C) a token economy.
D) a psychotropic.

Question 15

Takeshi is seeing Dr. Shakar to help her deal with her social phobia. Though she is more comfortable around large groups of people than she used to be, interacting one on one with other people still feels intimidating to her. She and Dr. Shakar role-play interactions, and when Takeshi is unsure what to do, Dr. Shakar models a socially skillful behaviour. If Takeshi likes it, she practices it with Dr. Shakar until it feels comfortable. She is engaging in

A) a token economy.
B) deinstitutionalization.
C) social skills training.
D) feminist therapy.

Question 16

When Dr. Callum points out Dylan's pattern of avoiding therapy sessions, Dylan becomes angry and accuses Dr. Callum of being controlling and demeaning. He threatens to quit therapy if Dr. Callum doesn't quit treating him "the same way my father did." Dr. Callum is able to show Dylan that he is experiencing

A) free association.
B) negative transference.
C) countertransference.
D) free association

Question 17

When Dr. Averil must prescribe an antidepressant, she tries to avoid using monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors because

A) they have severe side effects.
B) certain common foods can cause dangerous elevations in blood pressure.
C) they cause tardive dyskinesia.
D) they have severe side effects, and certain common foods can cause dangerous elevations in blood pressure.

Question 18

Blythe is afraid of cats, because she was bitten by one when she was younger, but she has just begun dating someone who owns a cat, so she wants to conquer her fear. She chooses a counsellor who utilizes animals in therapy, and when she and Dr. Ramirez decide she is ready, he brings out a picture of a cat. While Dr. Ramirez ___________, he and Blythe ____________.

A) forces Blythe to hold the cat; use free association to deal with Blythe's fear
B) blocks the door so Blythe can't leave; use countertransference to help Blythe deal with the cat's presence
C) exposes Blythe to a picture of the phobic stimulus; use relaxation techniques to reduce the level of intensity
D) exposes Blythe to the feared stimulus; focus on Blythe's verbalized transference onto Dr. Ramirez

Question 19

Damita and Anselmo's children have more power in the household than they do. They finally decide they've had enough and sign up for a parenting seminar. There they learn about _____________, a series of techniques that rely on operant conditioning to reduce children's undesirable behaviours and increase those that are desirable.

A) aversion therapy
B) transference
C) tardive dyskinesia
D) behaviour modification

Question 20

Anjelica specializes in the treatment of borderline personality disorder. Because the symptoms of the disorder cause relationship problems, self-destructive behaviour, poor emotional control, and low self-esteem, she believes that combining elements from cognitive, behavioural, humanistic, and psychodynamic therapies is most effective. She went through specialized training to provide a customized, intensive form of treatment called

A) aversion therapy.
B) deinstitutionalization.
C) dialectical behavioural therapy (DBT).
D) Gestalt therapy.

Question 21

After Liang has gone on three or four dates with the same person, he finds himself coming up with reasons why he doesn't like her. He has done this with everyone he has dated since his parents were divorced two years ago. He tells himself that his parents' divorce has nothing to do with his own behaviour and tells his friends that he simply has yet to meet a woman who meets his standards. A psychodynamic therapist might say that Liang

A) is unconsciously using defence mechanisms to avoid anxiety related to dating and romantic attachments.
B) obviously experienced a traumatic loss of some kind before the age of seven.
C) probably had severe problems with dating during adolescence.
D) is secretly trying to show his parents what it felt like to have them break up and become single.

Question 22

Dr. Banning believes that most of his clients' behaviours are due to unconscious internal forces. He is particularly interested in his clients' early family relationships. He often asks about how clients see their parents and themselves. Dr. Banning is probably a ______________ therapist.

A) psychodynamic
B) behavioural
C) cognitive
D) humanistic

Question 23

Claire has experienced repeated bouts of depression and appears to be chronically unhappy. Her friends refer to her as the Eeyore of their group. Her therapist recommends that she take an eight-week workshop taught by certified trainers that entails weekly group meetings, homework, and instruction in three formal techniques: meditation, body scanning and simple yoga postures. Basically, her therapist is recommending that Claire take

A) electroconvulsive therapy.
B) tricyclic therapy.
C) psychodynamic therapy.
D) mindfulness training.

Question 24

Grave Encounters is a 2011 Canadian supernatural horror film, the footage follows the crew of a paranormal reality television program who lock themselves in a haunted psychiatric hospital in search of evidence of paranormal activity. Lance encounters a door that appears seemingly out of nowhere, which leads to the secret operating room of Dr. Arthur Friedkin. Dr. Friedkin attacks and drags Lance away before the camera cuts out. The camera is turned back on, showing Lance alive but bleeding though his eye. He states to the camera, "They say I'm all better now... I can finally go home." The procedure Dr. Friedkin most likely performed on Lance is called

A) tardive dyskinesia.
B) a lobotomy.
C) eclectic therapy.
D) an HMO.

Question 25

Both Beth and Alex have OCD. Beth is being treated with mindfulness meditation practices and cognitive therapy. Alex is using only cognitive therapy. Based on current research,

A) Beth will get more relief from her OCD than Alex will.
B) both are receiving treatment for OCD so they should both improve the exact same amount.
C) Alex will get more relief from his OCD than Beth will.
D) neither will find relief with the therapies they are employing. They must use biological treatments to see any relief of OCD symptoms.

Question 26

Glen has OCD. He has many things that he must do before he leaves the house in the morning even though he knows these behaviours are irrational and require him to get up at 4:30 am to be to work on time. He starts therapy by creating a list of anxiety causing behaviours in his morning routine. Treatment starts with exposure to situations that cause mild to moderate anxiety, and as Glen habituates to these situations, he gradually works up to situations that cause greater anxiety. In the next stage of therapy, he is prescribed Zoloft. Finally, Glen is using writing techniques to increase mindfulness and awareness of the maladaptive associations that reinforce OCD symptoms. Glen's therapist is taking a(n)

A) cognitive-behavioural therapy.
B) imindfulness training
C) psychodynamic therapy.
D) drug therapy.

Question 27

Jared has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. He has been prescribed antipsychotic drugs. He knows that with schizophrenics these drugs work best on the positive symptoms, but are not as effective on the negative symptoms. Jared is MOST likely to

A) notice cognitive improvements about a month after starting his antipsychotics.
B) discontinue treatment.
C) begin to be able to express his emotions.
D) not notice any difference himself after taking the drugs.

Question 28

Talia has been having anxiety attacks. She meets with Dr. Eisenbein, who explains that our brain chemistry often affects how we feel. Dr. Eisenbein suggests that Talia try taking a medication called Zoloft. Talia goes home to do some research on the Internet. She learns that the brain chemicals to which Dr. Eisenbein is referring are called

A) genetics.
B) endorphins.
C) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).
D) monistic chemicals.

Question 29

Though several classes of antidepressant drugs are available to prescribing physicians, the SSRIs are used

A) most often, because they have fewer side effects than the others.
B) least often, because they cause tardive dyskinesia.
C) least often, because dangerous interactions with certain foods can occur.
D) very rarely, because they appear to be nothing more than expensive placebos.

Question 30

Dr. Henry Clerval is a proponent of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), though he believes it should be used in only the most extreme circumstances. Historically, ECT was applied to a wide range of disorders, but today it is used only

A) with clients who cause problems for the hospital staff.
B) in Europe.
C) with schizophrenia, particularly when positive symptoms are present.
D) in treating severe depression, especially if there is a high risk of suicide.