Deck 3: Socialization

Question 1

After several years of foster care, children in the study in Bucharest (discussed in the text) had _____ brain cells than children who stayed in the orphanage.

A) more
B) fewer
C) smaller
D) different-shaped

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The term _____ was coined by Charles Cooley.

A) looking-glass self
B) a stitch in time
C) significant other
D) precocious child

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The Harlows took baby monkeys away from their mothers to live alone, frightened them, and observed that the babies clung to terrycloth fake mothers rather than wire fake mothers. The experiment intended to prove what might already have been obvious-that infants need to be

A) frightened.
B) experimental subjects.
C) cuddled.
D) intimately familiar with fear.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

According to reports of _____ children, they walked on all fours, growled, and showed no sensitivity to cold.

A) prehistoric
B) feral
C) isolated
D) institutionalized

Question 5

The first of Piaget's developmental stages is the _____ stage.

A) preoperational
B) sensorimotor
C) concrete operational
D) formal operational

Question 6

Psychoanalysis was developed by

A) Margaret and Harry Harlow.
B) Lawrence Kohlberg.
C) Sigmund Freud.
D) Charles Horton Cooley.

Question 7

_____ studied the natural process that children go through to develop their ability to reason.

A) Piaget
B) Cooley
C) Flavel
D) Mead

Question 8

Mead stressed that we cannot think without _____, and that _____ gives us our symbols (language).

A) society; reading
B) symbols; reading
C) symbols; society
D) society; instinct

Question 9

In Kohlberg's theory, children in the _____ stage focus on personal needs to be satisfied and recognize no right and wrong.

A) id
B) preconventional
C) postconventional
D) amoral

Question 10

In Freud's terms, culture within us is represented by the

A) alter ego.
B) super-id.
C) psychosis.
D) superego.

Question 11

The _____, as viewed by Freud, is the balancing force in our personality.

A) id
B) ego
C) superego
D) conscience

Question 12

_____ intrigue sociological researchers, particularly those separated at birth.

A) Quadruplets
B) Feral children
C) Twins
D) Laboratory animals

Question 13

Isolated children require _____ to develop.

A) parents
B) siblings
C) solitary time
D) language

Question 14

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, when children have learned the rules and follow them in order to stay out of trouble, children are in the _____ stage.

A) preconventional
B) amoral
C) conventional
D) complicit

Question 15

The term generalized other refers to

A) our ideal of a person.
B) our perception of how people in general think of us.
C) role models.
D) the certainty that no one likes us.

Question 16

In Freud's psychoanalysis, the _____ causes us to seek self-gratification.

A) id
B) ego
C) superego
D) instinctual drive

Question 17

George Herbert Mead was a(n)

A) symbolic interactionist.
B) conflict theorist.
C) feral child.
D) economist.

Question 18

Apparently, having a reasonable level of _____ depends on early, close relations with other people.

A) artistic ability
B) intelligence
C) health
D) physical coordination

Question 19

One of the emotions identified by Paul Ekman is

A) surprise.
B) certainty.
C) love.
D) confusion.

Question 20

When is the development of self-concept finished?

A) Childhood
B) Adolescence
C) Middle adulthood
D) Never

Question 21

The manifest function of formal education refers to

A) education's unintended consequences.
B) the hidden curriculum.
C) the corridor curriculum.
D) education's intended purpose.

Question 22

_____ refers to learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors to match a new situation in life.

A) Conflicting socialization
B) Pseudo-socialization
C) Anticipatory socialization
D) Resocialization

Question 23

Sociological research has found that children from poor neighborhoods are _____ to get in difficulty with the law, and that parenting is _____ in the poor neighborhoods.

A) less likely; easier
B) less likely; more difficult
C) more likely; more difficult
D) more likely; easier

Question 24

Unintended consequences of schools, or _____ functions, help the social system.

A) manifest
B) latent
C) explicit curricular
D) formal curricular

Question 25

Little Jo got dolls and jewelry for presents. Her brother, Joe, got action figures and toy guns. Such a division in toys and play give children _____ lessons.

A) biological
B) ethical
C) gender
D) gender-neutral

Question 26

An attempt to remake the self by stripping away an individual's current identity and stamping a new one in its place is

A) a graduation ceremony.
B) a degradation ceremony.
C) "bring your child to work" day.
D) repeating a grade in school.

Question 27

The dilemma presented to women by _____ is that a model is thrust before them that is almost impossible to replicate in real life.

A) the church
B) mass media
C) video games
D) parents

Question 28

In the United States, religion is important to

A) virtually everyone.
B) only people who define themselves as religious.
C) everyone but the nonreligious.
D) people other than immigrants and minorities.

Question 29

Individuals and groups that influence our orientations to life are called

A) the looking-glass crowd.
B) agents of socialization.
C) the ego.
D) nature.

Question 30

A total institution leaves an indelible mark on a person's self. The mark can be imposed quickly or in a more prolonged process. In _____, the process is brutal and prolonged.

A) prison
B) boot camp
C) a convent
D) a conventional school

Question 31

To keep their children in line, sociologist Melvin Kohn found that _____ parents tend to use physical punishment.

A) upper class
B) all
C) middle class
D) working class

Question 32

When you learn to play a role before entering it, this is known as

A) sink or swim.
B) disengagement.
C) anticipatory socialization.
D) resocialization.

Question 33

Concerning the effects of day care, researchers have found that

A) children who have gone to day care have stronger bonds with their mothers.
B) we may be producing a generation of smart but mean children.
C) children with a background in day care are less disruptive when they reach kindergarten.
D) Children who have been in day care score lower on language tests.

Question 34

An example of a total institution is a

A) school.
B) family.
C) law firm.
D) prison.

Question 35

The sworn virgins of Albania are treated by people in their society as

A) women.
B) beings without gender.
C) clergy.
D) men.

Question 36

Alfonzo was in sixth grade. Some of the stories that his teachers told when teaching English, history, and math included lessons in patriotism and honesty, which were part of the school's

A) hidden curriculum.
B) explicit curriculum.
C) corridor curriculum.
D) manifest function.

Question 37

Which of the following statements about video games is true?

A) Most are designed by women.
B) Most people who play video games are women.
C) Females are more underrepresented in video games than on television.
D) Video games are regarded as sports by most colleges.

Question 38

Individuals of roughly the same age who are linked by common interests make up a

A) peer group.
B) society.
C) gender.
D) transgendered group.

Question 39

Learning the gender map is known as

A) socialization out of gender.
B) gender socialization.
C) the preconventional stage.
D) cultural imposition.

Question 40

Bill heard, as part of the _____ curriculum in his school, that certain races were not as good as others, and that coolness was the key to everything.

A) hidden
B) corridor
C) universal
D) manifest

Question 41

Are we prisoners of socialization? Why, or why not?

Question 42

_____ factors influence our life course.

A) Few external
B) Social
C) Only biological
D) No individual

Question 43

A fundamental shift in thinking-from the time since our birth to the time we have left to live-occurs in

A) adolescence.
B) adultolescence.
C) the later middle years.
D) the later older years.

Question 44

Charles Cooley summarized his idea of the looking-glass self in a rhymed couplet. What was the couplet?

Question 45

The later older years

A) are reached by everyone.
B) remain an abstract concept.
C) are really part of late middle age.
D) end the same for everyone who enters that stage.

Question 46

A significant sociological point about the life course is that it

A) is the same for rich and poor.
B) affects your behavior and orientations.
C) is unaffected by gender.
D) has no impact on your behavior and orientations.

Question 47

A new life stage that seems to be evolving is the _____ years.

A) transitional childhood
B) early middle
C) transitional middle
D) transitional older

Question 48

Adolescence is a(n)

A) natural age division.
B) ancient invention.
C) social invention.
D) obsolete age distinction.

Question 49

What are the three elements of the looking-glass self?

Question 50

The later older years begin at about age

A) 50.
B) 65.
C) 75.
D) 95.

Question 51

Ages 30 to 49 in the life course are known as the _____ years.

A) early middle
B) middle
C) later middle
D) transitional older

Question 52

Childhood really is

A) not much more than biology.
B) a defined sequence of events independent of history.
C) socially universal.
D) more than biology.

Question 53

How does society make us human?

Question 54

Transitional adulthood covers ages

A) 14-17.
B) 16-18.
C) 17-25.
D) 18-29.

Question 55

How do our parents do most of their gender teaching?