Deck 4: Social Structure and Social Interaction

Question 1

When we belong to a group, who has the right to judge our behavior?

A) No one
B) Only a court of law
C) No one but ourselves
D) The group

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Aletha had an accident in which she fell into hot cooking grease. Despite many operations and treatments, her face, neck, and hands were forever altered. Regardless of her accomplishments or occupation, Aletha's disfigurement was viewed by many others as her

A) ascribed status.
B) master status.
C) status symbol.
D) status set.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

_____ is the level of analysis that sociologists use to focus on the broad features of society.

A) Interactional sociology
B) Macrosociology
C) Chaos theory
D) Microsociology

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Culture has a(n) _____ effect on people's lives.

A) profound
B) moderate
C) occasional
D) no

Question 5

Social class is based on

A) income, education, and occupational prestige.
B) birth.
C) marriage.
D) religion.

Question 6

What is the sociological significance of social structure?

A) It guides our behavior.
B) Understanding it helps to prove the randomness of human behavior.
C) It is a synonym for the term sociology.
D) Our behavior guides it.

Question 7

A 90-year-old college student exemplifies

A) status shock.
B) prestige.
C) status inconsistency.
D) role.

Question 8

A backward collar is a(n) _____ for a priest.

A) negative status symbol
B) standard in all cultures
C) status symbol
D) ascribed status

Question 9

The _____ framework that determines what kind of people we become is culture.

A) biological
B) narrowest
C) only
D) broadest

Question 10

Are street people influenced by a social structure?

A) No.
B) Yes.
C) Only in scattered instances
D) The research is unclear.

Question 11

The typical patterns of a group of students and teachers, or of men and women, was laid out before they were born. This pattern is known as

A) behavior.
B) ordination.
C) social structure.
D) classical structure.

Question 12

Microsociology is (was) the main focus of

A) sociologists in the past.
B) symbolic interactionists.
C) all sociologists.
D) conflict theorists.

Question 13

In _____, the focus is on social interaction.

A) microsociology
B) behavioral sociology
C) macrosociology
D) order theory

Question 14

People learn behaviors and attitudes according to their _____ the social structure.

A) attitude toward
B) willingness to be part of
C) location in
D) number of friends within

Question 15

Girish is a husband, a son, an entrepreneur, and an amateur ornithologist. A sociologist would say that these statuses or positions make up Girish's

A) role.
B) social class.
C) status set.
D) culture.

Question 16

_____ lay(s) out what is expected of people.

A) Roles
B) Sociology
C) Parts
D) Master status

Question 17

Richard had lived on the street for almost a year. His days were busy with doing things necessary to survive at a basic level-finding shelter, keeping safe, panhandling for money, getting food and drink, washing, and finding dry clothes. Richard knew that he did not have many chances. A _____ would stress that Richard is located at the bottom of the U.S. social class system, and that his low status means that most opportunities are closed to him.

A) microsociologist
B) symbolic interactionist
C) research sociologist
D) conflict theorist

Question 18

_____ status is involuntary.

A) achieved
B) ascribed
C) earned
D) marital

Question 19

A billionaire and a person living on the street share

A) the same social class.
B) comparable status.
C) the influence of social class on their lives.
D) a comparable level of privilege.

Question 20

Ex-spouse, school dropout, and debarred lawyer are examples of

A) ascribed status.
B) social classes.
C) lack of status.
D) achieved status.

Question 21

Priest, minister, rabbi, and imam are examples of statuses associated with the social institution of

A) religion.
B) the law.
C) the family.
D) medicine.

Question 22

One person catches a fish, a second person drives the fish to market, and a third person sells the fish. This is an example of

A) common sense.
B) division of labor.
C) basic capitalism.
D) mechanical solidarity.

Question 23

_____ is (are) the primary focus of microsociologists.

A) Hidden meanings and innuendo
B) The broader features of society
C) Face-to-face interaction
D) The demise of society as we know it

Question 24

The term organic solidarity is based on the way that different members of society

A) intermarry.
B) need each other.
C) share the same status level.
D) exploit each other.

Question 25

A basic need addressed by _____ is to regulate reproduction.

A) medicine
B) the family
C) the economy
D) education

Question 26

Who surrounds themselves with a personal bubble (personal space)?

A) No one
B) Children only
C) Adults up to middle age
D) Everyone

Question 27

Marion belonged to a group that got together once a month in group members' houses to converse in Russian, which they had all learned in school. The Russian enthusiasts were an example of a group that wielded influence over

A) vast segments of one's behavior.
B) the need to conform with group norms over many aspects of life.
C) small segments of one's behavior.
D) social class.

Question 28

One of the distance zones that Hall found North Americans use is _____ distance.

A) tribal
B) stereotypical
C) social
D) aggressive

Question 29

The social institution of _____ would include groups or organizations such as the police, courts, and prisons.

A) religion
B) the law
C) the economy
D) politics

Question 30

In a self-fulfilling stereotype

A) the behaviors of the person match our expectations from the get-go.
B) the underlying truth of stereotypes is confirmed.
C) the behaviors of the person change to match our expectations.
D) many factors can play a role, but attractiveness is not one of them.

Question 31

Our assumptions about what people are like are known as

A) educated guesses.
B) stereotypes.
C) roles.
D) status set.

Question 32

"Maximize profits" and "the customer is always right" are examples of norms associated with which social institution?

A) Medicine
B) Economy
C) Family
D) Politics

Question 33

_____ refer(s) to the standard or usual ways that a society meets its basic needs.

A) Religion
B) Social institutions
C) Status
D) Social class

Question 34

Emile Durkheim was interested in how societies united their members by shared values and other social bonds to produce

A) social dissolution.
B) aggregation.
C) dissonance.
D) social integration.

Question 35

Who believes that social institutions were originally designed to meet basic survival needs?

A) Conflict theorists
B) Order theorists
C) Both conflict and order theorists
D) The status set

Question 36

Which of the following is one of the five functional requisites that functionalists believe a society must meet in order to survive?

A) Replacing members
B) Yielding the needs of the group in favor of self-interest
C) Promoting creative chaos
D) Socializing politicians

Question 37

To interpret _____, we consider facial expressions, posture, and gestures.

A) the extent of intimate distance
B) body language
C) stereotypes
D) macrosociology

Question 38

For Durkheim, _____ referred to the way that people who perform similar tasks develop a shared way of viewing life.

A) mechanical solidarity
B) impromptu solidarity
C) organic solidarity
D) social class

Question 39

Daughter, son, father, and mother are examples of statuses associated with which social institution?

A) The family
B) Medicine
C) Religion
D) The economy

Question 40

The Old Order Amish of the United States exemplify a(n) _____ community.

A) Gesellschaft
B) Gemeinschaft
C) modern
D) mainstream

Question 41

_____ refers to our efforts to manage the impressions that others receive of us.

A) Dramaturgy
B) Back stage
C) Impression management
D) Center stage

Question 42

Sign-vehicles include

A) the appearance of others.
B) written scripts.
C) role conflict.
D) our manner.

Question 43

What does it mean to say that we become the roles that we play?

Question 44

Clerks in stores smiling at customers are

A) a sign that the clerks are attracted to the customers.
B) accepted in all cultures.
C) universally encouraged.
D) not accepted in all cultures.

Question 45

What do the German terms Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft mean? In which direction-toward which of the two-is society changing?

Question 46

The social construction of reality theory states that through our _____, we construct what for us is reality.

A) ethnomethodology
B) interaction with others
C) classroom experience
D) introspection

Question 47

Ethnomethodologists explore _____ assumptions about how the world operates that underlie our behavior.

A) background
B) written
C) legal
D) foreground

Question 48

For the social institution of religion, name some of the basic needs addressed and some norms of the institution.

Question 49

Erving Goffman used the term _____ to mean that social life is like a drama or a stage play.

A) proscenium
B) dramaturgy
C) movie
D) rehearsal

Question 50

At a vaginal examination, male doctors _____ social reality in order to define the examination as _____.

A) deny; sexual
B) ignore; nonsexual
C) dismiss; normal
D) construct; nonsexual

Question 51

Why are both macrosociology and microsociology necessary to understand social life?

Question 52

Role strain is

A) conflict between roles.
B) conflict within a role.
C) compatibility between roles.
D) a vain attempt to find a role.

Question 53

According to Goffman's scheme, we have _____ where we can have some privacy and let our hair down.

A) front stages
B) bleachers
C) back stages
D) precast dramas

Question 54

Distinguish the term social status from the term prestige.

Question 55

"If people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences." This statement was made by sociologist(s)

A) Emile Durkheim.
B) W. I. and Dorothy S. Thomas.
C) Mark Snyder.
D) Erving Goffman.