Deck 2: Culture

Question 1

One thing that can be said about material culture is that

A) it is "natural."
B) it includes gestures.
C) it includes a people's language.
D) there is nothing "natural" about it.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

After a fairly short plane ride from New York City, Irving found himself on a dusty road with goats, chickens, and motor scooters, rather than cars. Food, clothing, and carpets were being sold by street vendors, some of whom worked from a cloth spread on the ground, in no order that he could recognize. Irving was experiencing

A) ethnocentrism.
B) culture shock.
C) a step back into history.
D) contact with people who shared none of his values.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

_____ would be part of material culture.

A) Hairstyles
B) Language
C) Beliefs
D) Values

Answer 3

A

Question 4

To try to understand a culture on its own terms is called

A) ethnocentrism.
B) cultural relativism.
C) folklore.
D) cultural education.

Question 5

When people break norms, they receive

A) positive sanctions.
B) a day in court.
C) negative sanctions.
D) hugs and kisses.

Question 6

The language, beliefs, values, norms, and behaviors passed from one generation to the next make up a group's

A) identity.
B) ethnocentrism.
C) culture.
D) material culture.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about cultural relativism is true?

A) It has not been criticized by social scientists.
B) Cultural relativism has come under attack because it can lead to acceptance of practices like genital cutting and wife beating.
C) Sociologists accept all cultures, without judgment.
D) Cultural relativism encourages cultural smugness.

Question 8

A term for rules of behavior is

A) culture.
B) norms.
C) moral holidays.
D) sanctions.

Question 9

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis states that

A) languages are universal.
B) some languages, such as English, are superior to others.
C) perception and language are unrelated.
D) language has ways of looking at the world embedded within it.

Question 10

Nonmaterial culture refers to a group's

A) art.
B) weapons.
C) ways of thinking and doing.
D) eating utensils.

Question 11

Even just the thought of the violation of a _____ fills us with revulsion.

A) taboo
B) more
C) parking regulation
D) folkway

Question 12

Who is ethnocentric?

A) Everyone
B) Westerners
C) Easterners
D) Older people

Question 13

The main way people communicate is through

A) gestures.
B) intermarriage.
C) language.
D) artwork.

Question 14

An advantage of knowing a culture's gestures is

A) they are closely tied to the language.
B) that although most gestures are recognized as universal, there are occasional differences between cultures.
C) being able to communicate with simplicity.
D) that they will enable you to completely understand the culture.

Question 15

People's _____ are their ideas of what is desirable in life.

A) values
B) mores
C) taboos
D) folkways

Question 16

Another term for nonmaterial culture that sociologists use is

A) material culture.
B) symbolic culture.
C) gestural culture.
D) culture shock.

Question 17

If you kill another person, you have violated a society's

A) mores.
B) incidental values.
C) folkways.
D) ethnocentrism.

Question 18

Paul loved to party at Mardi Gras, even if he was not involved in making a float or anything else. The atmosphere on the street was just so different, so easy. He had a great time. At such a(n) _____, the rules were loosened.

A) culture-free event
B) police-free event
C) free-for-all
D) moral holiday

Question 19

When someone is walking on the right side of the sidewalk, and you are walking faster and overtake them to their left, this is _____ in the United States.

A) a taboo
B) a more
C) illegal
D) a folkway

Question 20

The basis of culture is

A) customs.
B) heredity.
C) language.
D) sociology.

Question 21

_____ places an emphasis on the influence of genes on human behavior.

A) Genetics-informed sociology
B) Classical sociology
C) Conflict theory
D) Sociologically informed genetics

Question 22

In all likelihood, Harold and Fabienne could be termed members of a motorcycle enthusiast _____ and the cyclists who passed them could be termed members of a motorcycle enthusiast _____.

A) culture; subculture
B) subculture; counterculture
C) subculture; culture
D) counterculture; subculture

Question 23

Values are like lenses through which we see the world

A) not at all.
B) as it ought to be.
C) with great clarity.
D) like it is.

Question 24

Which statement about the origin of values is true?

A) Essentially, values "just happen."
B) Values are unrelated to conditions of society.
C) Values are related to conditions of society.
D) Individuals invent their own values.

Question 25

Sociologists call values that are shared by most of the groups in a society

A) core values.
B) taboos.
C) habitual values.
D) universal values.

Question 26

Some of the values and norms of a _____ place it at odds with the dominant culture.

A) subculture
B) core culture
C) counterculture
D) motorcycle group

Question 27

A world within the larger world of the dominant culture is a

A) superculture.
B) subculture.
C) counterculture.
D) microculture.

Question 28

Most Americans feel that the only proper basis for marriage is

A) parental approval.
B) economics.
C) mutual respect.
D) romantic love.

Question 29

A society made up of many different groups is called a(n)

A) pluralistic society.
B) fragmented society.
C) anachronous society.
D) ungovernable aggravation.

Question 30

The core value of education has

A) been easily pursued in the United States, because college is free.
B) changed over the years, until today a college education is considered an appropriate goal for most Americans.
C) not been held by most Americans.
D) changed over the years, until today a college education is considered an appropriate goal only for a small number of Americans.

Question 31

_____ said that sociobiology will eventually absorb sociology.

A) Charles Darwin
B) Edward Wilson
C) William Ogburn
D) Benjamin Whorf

Question 32

The _____ culture refers to the values, norms, and goals that a group considers worth aiming for.

A) real
B) concrete
C) ideal
D) fantasy

Question 33

How many subcultures does U.S. society contain?

A) Five
B) Almost 90
C) Hundreds
D) Thousands

Question 34

The human potential movement reflects the emerging _____ value.

A) self-fulfillment
B) aging population
C) leisure
D) acceptance

Question 35

A _____ exists between the value of group superiority and the values of freedom, democracy, and equality.

A) continuity
B) folkway
C) taboo
D) value contradiction

Question 36

The term real culture refers to

A) the norms and values that people aspire to follow.
B) historical culture.
C) universal culture.
D) the norms and values that people actually follow.

Question 37

Which statement about incest is true?

A) No society permits generalized incest for its members.
B) All societies agree on what incest is.
C) The marriage of brothers and sisters is forbidden by all societies.
D) The marriage of fathers and daughters is forbidden by all societies.

Question 38

"In God We Trust" appears on American money. This reflects the core value of

A) group superiority.
B) religiosity.
C) education.
D) freedom.

Question 39

Sociobiologists believe that

A) biology is a basic cause of human behavior.
B) the key to human behavior is culture.
C) as a result of natural selection, biology no longer plays a role in human behavior.
D) the key to human behavior is religion.

Question 40

Education, hard work, material comfort, and individualism can be said to be bound up in

A) a confused approach to life.
B) a value contradiction.
C) a value cluster that surrounds success.
D) the value of democracy.

Question 41

The term new technology refers to

A) anything invented in the last five years.
B) an emerging technology that has a significant impact on social life.
C) 21st century technology.
D) an established technology that changed the course of history.

Question 42

_____ refer(s) to values, norms, or other cultural traits found everywhere.

A) Cultural universals
B) Global culture
C) Natural selection
D) Folkways

Question 43

List at least five core values of U.S. society.

Question 44

Cultural diffusion is a

A) group of people adopting things they find desirable from another culture.
B) one-way "street" from the West to other parts of the world.
C) change in "thinking" but not "doing."
D) distraction from technology.

Question 45

Technology can be equated with

A) culture.
B) history.
C) tools.
D) sociology.

Question 46

Identify the five interrelated core values that are emerging as a value cluster in the United States today.

Question 47

What is the sociological significance of technology?

Question 48

_____ refers to one part of a culture changing while other parts remain behind.

A) Cultural reluctance
B) Culture lag
C) Ethnocentrism
D) Culture shock

Question 49

Give at least three effects of language on human life.

Question 50

When there is culture change, a group's _____ usually changes first.

A) material culture
B) sociobiology
C) nonmaterial culture
D) counterculture

Question 51

What is smart clothing?

A) Science fiction
B) Fashionable clothing
C) Clothing incorporating invisible computing items
D) An extension of Google Glass

Question 52

It would be fair to say that in the cultural leveling process taking place today

A) traditional cultures have all but disappeared.
B) something vital is lost forever.
C) sociobiology is at work.
D) we are producing a more distinctive, less bland way of life.

Question 53

How is our nine-month school year a living example of a culture lag?

A) Material culture never caught up with nonmaterial culture.
B) The length of the school year was determined by the farming culture of the late 1800s.
C) The school year was not lengthened to nine months until the mid-1900s.
D) The length of the school year was based on one-room schools, which have all but vanished.

Question 54

In cultural leveling

A) cultures become more and more dissimilar to one another.
B) the least advanced culture dominates.
C) culture is leveled or destroyed, as in a blast.
D) cultures become more and more similar to one another.

Question 55

What are the positive and negative sides of ethnocentrism?