Deck 22: Social Change and the Environment

Question 1

_____ is the term sociologists use for a traditional, small, rural society.

A) Gemeinschaft
B) Rapidly changing
C) Gesellschaft
D) Materialistic

Answer 1

A

Question 2

_____ theories propose that different routes lead to the same stage of development.

A) Multilinear
B) Natural cycle
C) Diffusion
D) Unilinear

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In a traditional Gemeinschaft society, the divisions of labor between men and women are

A) flexible.
B) nonexistent.
C) rigid.
D) determined by the shaman.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

With the globalization of the modern world, social movements often sweep across

A) time.
B) national borders.
C) the media but not reality.
D) an entire town.

Question 5

_____ theories assume that all societies follow the same path (from simple to complex).

A) Bilinear
B) Trilinear
C) Multilinear
D) Unilinear

Question 6

_____ is the transformation of traditional societies into industrial societies.

A) Social movement
B) Gemeinschaft
C) The third social revolution
D) Modernization

Question 7

Cyclical theories assume that civilizations are

A) like parts of a Gesellschaft.
B) obsolete.
C) like organisms.
D) antitheses.

Question 8

The triadic division of the planet since World War II places the emphasis on _____ in Europe.

A) Italy
B) France
C) Germany
D) Great Britain

Question 9

_____ is the combining of existing elements and materials to form new ones.

A) Discovery
B) Diffusion
C) Invention
D) Infusion

Question 10

According to William Ogburn, _____ is a new way of seeing reality.

A) discovery
B) invention
C) diffusion
D) cultural lag

Question 11

Desperate to secure untapped resources, G7 increasingly views _____ as significant to the well-being of the rest of the world.

A) the United States
B) Germany
C) Africa
D) Japan

Question 12

Marx's model of historical change viewed a thesis plus an antithesis as resulting in a(n)

A) classless state.
B) synthesis.
C) utopia.
D) state of permanent war.

Question 13

In a traditional society, the temporal orientation was

A) toward the past.
B) toward the present.
C) toward the future.
D) nonexistent.

Question 14

_____ is one of the three processes of social change identified by William Ogburn.

A) Diffusion
B) Cultural lag
C) Dialectics
D) A unilinear theory

Question 15

The alteration of culture and societies over time is known as

A) modernization.
B) social movement.
C) social change.
D) G8.

Question 16

Max Weber believed that capitalism came from

A) changes in life expectancy.
B) increased religiosity.
C) the Protestant Reformation.
D) smaller family sizes.

Question 17

In a traditional society, education was

A) nonexistent.
B) formal.
C) begun in the third decade of life.
D) informal.

Question 18

According to Marx's dialectical view of history, each ruling group

A) plants the seeds for its own growth.
B) is a synthesis.
C) represents a classless state.
D) sows the seeds of its own destruction.

Question 19

In traditional societies, material possessions were _____. In industrialized societies, material possessions are _____.

A) many; few
B) many; many
C) few; few
D) few; many

Question 20

The text says that in addition to the four social revolutions that we have had, we may be entering a fifth based on

A) sports.
B) mapping the human genome and biotechnology.
C) the growing relevance of Africa.
D) Gesselschaft.

Question 21

As the automobile pushed aside the former technology-horse and buggy-people thought that cars would

A) be a passing fad.
B) eliminate parking problems in cities, because a car took up only half as much space as a horse and buggy.
C) always remain a rich person's toy.
D) make parking more difficult in cities, because a car took up twice as much space as a horse and buggy.

Question 22

Which statement about computers in education today is true?

A) The use of computers in education peaked some years ago and is declining.
B) Communicating with others remains a weakness of computers.
C) We have barely begun to harness the power of computers in education.
D) Computers are discouraged in preference to written materials.

Question 23

An example of discovery is

A) money.
B) airplanes.
C) Columbus discovering North America.
D) the microchip.

Question 24

Ogburn said that _____ occurred when human behavior lagged behind technological innovations.

A) social lag
B) diffusion
C) discovery
D) cultural lag

Question 25

How did the automobile change architecture?

A) The parking area around malls shrunk.
B) Apartments changed.
C) Wheel designs were used on facades.
D) Garages for cars became integrated into houses.

Question 26

Before factories, workers could _____ if they did not like something.

A) not do a thing
B) fire the owners
C) pick up their tools and leave
D) be easily replaced

Question 27

Envy and pride may be basic to human nature, but the particular material display depends on

A) family relationships.
B) automobiles.
C) the state of technology.
D) alienation.

Question 28

Cars are an example of

A) invention.
B) discovery.
C) diffusion.
D) innovation.

Question 29

The predator drone

A) is science fiction.
B) strikes from thousands of feet above the ground.
C) has been outlawed by NATO.
D) has equivalents in several dozen countries around the world.

Question 30

Marriages became more fragile once people

A) left home to work in factories.
B) began to divorce less.
C) came back home from factories and offices to work at home.
D) secured the means of production.

Question 31

_____ is Marx's term for workers' lack of connection to the product of their labor.

A) Postmodern society
B) Social inequality
C) Alienation
D) Suburbanization

Question 32

Suburbanization was stimulated by

A) leaving home to work in factories.
B) changes in ideology.
C) international conflict.
D) the automobile.

Question 33

When it comes to cyber attacks, the U.S. military

A) has not been attacked, to date.
B) is both victim and perpetrator.
C) places a low priority on cyber attack protection.
D) has no fear of cyber attacks.

Question 34

Technology _____ artificial means of extending human abilities.

A) is usually an alternative to
B) always refers to
C) is a natural substitute for
D) never refers to

Question 35

Postmodern society is

A) reliant on obsolete technology.
B) postindustrial society.
C) preindustrial society.
D) a type of ideology.

Question 36

Thanks to automobiles, women

A) became "producers of food and clothing," in Flink's (1990) words.
B) were freed from the narrow confines of their homes.
C) no longer ate canned goods.
D) became more conservative in their views.

Question 37

For sociology, the significance of technology is

A) how it changes our way of life.
B) that worker-owner relations remain the same.
C) difficult to fathom.
D) that no one owns the tools that people work with.

Question 38

The new technology that led to factories brought about a new _____ capitalism.

A) religion that despised
B) ideology that praised
C) morality to ameliorate the negative effects of
D) worker-owned form of

Question 39

Thanks to computers, the international flow of money has become

A) harder to follow.
B) so regulated that the best way to transfer cash is in a suitcase.
C) easier to regulate.
D) much slower.

Question 40

When production moved out of the home, workers went to

A) unemployment lines.
B) factories.
C) churches.
D) assembly halls.

Question 41

What statement about energy shortage is true?

A) There is no shortage-abundant energy is available from the sun, tides, and wind.
B) The energy shortage threatens life on our planet.
C) Soon we will not be able to drive cars due to the energy shortage.
D) At present there is no energy shortage, but there will be one in a few years.

Question 42

One-half of all of the Earth's plant and animal species live in

A) endangered cities.
B) the Arctic.
C) China.
D) rain forests.

Question 43

the world's climate is changing and (2) human activity is part of the change. Give two examples of why there is disagreement beyond those two points.

Question 44

Central to all evolutionary theories of societal change is the notion of cultural progress. Tribal societies are assumed to have a primitive form of human culture, and to evolve toward a supposedly advanced and superior form found in the Western world. But the evolutionary theories have now been rejected. Why?

Question 45

Environmental injustice refers to how _____ are harmed the most by environmental pollution.

A) the wealthiest people
B) plants
C) minorities and the poor
D) animals

Question 46

What are the four threats to G8?

Question 47

How humans affect the environment and how the environment affects humans are the focus of

A) environmental sociology.
B) Eco-sabotage.
C) environmental justice.
D) harmony.

Question 48

The problem with acid rain is that it

A) kills some bacteria.
B) is depleting the world's finite supply of sulfuric and nitric acid.
C) creates flooding.
D) kills animal and plant life.

Question 49

One could say that until recently, the slogan of the Most Industrialized Nations has been

A) "Growth at any cost."
B) "Save the planet."
C) "Respect life."
D) "Environment first."

Question 50

_____ refers to actions taken to sabotage the efforts of people who are thought to be legally harming the environment.

A) Environmental injustice
B) Eco-sabotage
C) Environmental sociology
D) Environmental justice

Question 51

What were the four social revolutions?

Question 52

Of the world's 10 most polluted cities, seven are located in

A) the United States, a Most Industrialized Nation.
B) China, an Industrializing Nation.
C) Japan, a Most Industrialized Nation.
D) Italy, a Most Industrialized Nation.

Question 53

How did the development of the automobile affect courtship customs and sexual norms?

Question 54

A sustainable environment

A) may not produce enough material goods for everyone's needs.
B) is easier to attain with the Least Industrialized Nations revving up their economic engines.
C) is so called because it can sustain much more pollution that the Earth does now.
D) leaves a sound environment for the next generation.

Question 55

The U.S. state with the largest number of the worst hazardous waste sites is

A) Nevada.
B) Michigan.
C) California.
D) New Jersey.