Deck 19: Medicine and Health

Question 1

_____ is the healing specialist of a tribe who attempts to control the spirits thought to cause a disease or injury.

A) physician
B) priest
C) shaman
D) elder

Answer 1

C

Question 2

It is _____ there is more mental illness now than in the past.

A) impossible to judge if
B) intuitively clear that
C) untrue that
D) a well-studied and measured reality that

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The American Medical Association (AMA) is

A) run by clergy.
B) the only legal monopoly in the United States.
C) a U.S. government agency.
D) an organization devoted to alternative medicine.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Sickness and health are

A) absolutes.
B) unrelated to culture.
C) solely a spiritual concern.
D) matters of cultural definition.

Question 5

If you took the conflict perspective, you would view health care as

A) necessary to control sickness so that society can function normally.
B) a frill.
C) one of the scarce resources that society struggles over.
D) closely related to culture.

Question 6

In the United States, medical care is a

A) right.
B) legal entitlement.
C) commodity.
D) luxury.

Question 7

In order to be a physician in the United States of the 1700s,

A) you would face stiff entrance exams to the medical schools.
B) medical school would be even more expensive than it is today.
C) you would not encounter any medical schools or licensing.
D) apprenticeship was discouraged.

Question 8

In 1900, the leading cause of death in the United States was

A) heart disease.
B) cancer.
C) Alzheimer's disease.
D) pneumonia.

Question 9

One of the social institutions that sociologists study, _____, refers to a society's organized ways of dealing with sickness and injury.

A) health
B) medicine
C) the spiritual intermediary
D) religion

Question 10

From 1960 to the present, medical costs have

A) decreased
B) remained about the same.
C) increased slightly.
D) skyrocketed.

Question 11

Health is a human condition measured by physical, mental, social, and _____ components.

A) spiritual
B) financial
C) historical
D) political

Question 12

The sick role is claimed

A) more often by men.
B) primarily by the self-employed.
C) equally often by men and women.
D) more often by women.

Question 13

The number of babies who die before their first birthday is lowest in

A) Japan.
B) Germany.
C) Canada.
D) the United States.

Question 14

The professionalism of medicine includes

A) the lack of a need for education.
B) accepting regulation by government.
C) performing a service for society, rather than following self-interest.
D) placing clients in a position of authority over physicians.

Question 15

The term fee-for-service refers to

A) Obamacare.
B) payment to a physician to diagnose and treat a patient's medical problems.
C) socialized medicine.
D) that if a cure does not work, the patient does not pay.

Question 16

From a functionalist point of view, people need to be healthy enough to

A) be happy.
B) perform their roles.
C) act as gatekeepers.
D) retire in good health.

Question 17

Where the sick role is concerned, the function of a gatekeeper is to

A) let everyone in safely.
B) keep men out.
C) keep too many people from claiming the sick role.
D) offer advice on how to get well soon.

Question 18

An international black market in body parts is

A) an example of a case where the rich donate organs to help the poor.
B) an urban legend.
C) legal and encouraged.
D) a means of moving organs from the desperately poor who sell them, to the wealthy people who need them.

Question 19

The study of patterns of disease and disability in a population is

A) epidemiology.
B) medicine.
C) mortuary science.
D) not performed in the United States.

Question 20

Today, the leading cause of death in the United States is

A) diarrhea.
B) heart disease.
C) stroke.
D) pneumonia and flu.

Question 21

To curb costs, the U.S. government has classified all illnesses into

A) HMOs.
B) conflict of interest.
C) diagnosis-related groups.
D) medical fraud.

Question 22

Compared to visiting a doctor, going to a retail health clinic is

A) cheaper.
B) less convenient, because the hours are shorter.
C) more expensive.
D) more cumbersome, because appointments must be made weeks in advance.

Question 23

In the United States, the AIDS epidemic peaked in the

A) 1950s.
B) 1980s.
C) 1990s.
D) 2000s.

Question 24

_____ transforms a human condition into a medical matter to be treated by physicians.

A) Trivialization
B) Sexism
C) Medicalization
D) Dumping

Question 25

In medical care, people are _____ when they are treated merely as cases and diseases, not people.

A) personalized
B) depersonalized
C) victims of dumping
D) receiving rationed care

Question 26

HMOs reduce

A) unnecessary treatment only.
B) fees by using pay-as-you-go billing.
C) both necessary and unnecessary treatment.
D) waiting times although they increase the cost of medical care.

Question 27

When a private hospital sends unprofitable patients to a public hospital, this is an example of

A) medicalization.
B) dumping.
C) defensive medicine.
D) depersonalization.

Question 28

The United States has a(n) _____ system of medical care.

A) equitable
B) two-tier
C) winner-take-all
D) free

Question 29

Conflict sociologists would say that the more conditions of life that physicians and drug companies can medicalize, the

A) broader the customer base for the medical establishment.
B) more fulfilled that members of society will be.
C) greater their profits and power.
D) more that research results can be used to improve human health.

Question 30

Numerous studies have shown that the lower people are on the social class ladder, the

A) better their emotional well-being.
B) less they are violent crime victims.
C) less they divorce.
D) worse their emotional well-being.

Question 31

Tia was a doctor who owned shares in a company that made prostheses. When she recommended a prosthesis to a patient, she tended to suggest a model made by the company she held stock in, even when prostheses made by other companies might do the job equally well and cost less. This is an example of

A) conflict of interest.
B) ethical conduct.
C) medical fraud.
D) defensive medicine.

Question 32

_____ is done not for the patient's benefit but instead to protect physicians from malpractice suits.

A) Fraudulent medicine.
B) All medicine
C) Defensive medicine.
D) Medicalization

Question 33

The main way that Americans get AIDS is through _____ for men and _____ for women.

A) drug injection; drug injection
B) heterosexual sex; heterosexual sex
C) homosexual sex; heterosexual sex
D) homosexual sex; homosexual sex

Question 34

Physicians tend to take women's health complaints _____ than those of men.

A) less seriously
B) just as seriously
C) more seriously
D) as more likely to be audited

Question 35

Which country has a larger percentage of the world's AIDS cases then it has of the world's population?

A) The United States
B) Asia
C) Africa
D) Europe

Question 36

At present, medically assisted suicide is legal in _____ U.S. states.

A) no
B) two
C) four
D) 24

Question 37

Withholding food or liquids in order to end a patient's life is

A) passive euthanasia.
B) active euthanasia.
C) illegal in all states.
D) somewhere in between passive and active euthanasia.

Question 38

A study found that the number of days people were sick in bed per year was

A) higher among the wealthy.
B) highest in the middle class.
C) about the same across classes.
D) higher among those with the least income.

Question 39

_____ refers to doctors treating patients at a distance.

A) Dumping
B) Euthanasia
C) Medicalization
D) Telemedicine

Question 40

Whites make up about _____ of the U.S. population and account for _____ of HIV cases.

A) 41%; 35%
B) 50%; 31%
C) 62%; 28%
D) 76%; 10%

Question 41

When it comes to lifestyle, doctors have historically been trained to

A) counsel patients in detail about how to have a healthier lifestyle.
B) insist that patients eat more vegetables.
C) write prescriptions for health problems.
D) focus on general wellness rather than quick fixes.

Question 42

Many medical experiments, such as the Tuskegee syphilis study, seem to show that some government officials and medical personnel

A) experiment first on themselves.
B) resist hurting people.
C) advance science ethically.
D) play God.

Question 43

Today, about _____ of Americans are overweight.

A) one-fourth
B) one-half
C) two-thirds
D) three-fourths

Question 44

In 50 years, the number of women who smoke in the United States has _______, and the number of men who smoke in the United States has _____.

A) increased by 15%; increased by 33%
B) been cut by one-third; been cut by one-fourth
C) been cut in half; been cut by 40%
D) been cut by 90%; been cut by 66%

Question 45

How did having babies change from women's work to men's work?

Question 46

Which statement about alcohol is true?

A) Americans drink more beer than they do milk.
B) Alcohol has no health benefits.
C) Alcohol is the second most popular drug.
D) Alcohol reduces the risk of breast cancer.

Question 47

For college students, _____ is the most popular drug, after alcohol.

A) LSD
B) OxyContin
C) marijuana
D) amphetamines

Question 48

Were Americans healthier in the past?

Question 49

From the perspective of traditional Western medical theory and practice,

A) most alternative medicine makes perfect sense.
B) alternative medicine is far superior.
C) most alternative medicine makes no sense.
D) alternative medicine is the preferred approach of highly educated people.

Question 50

A disabling environment is one

A) set up for people with disabilities.
B) that is harmful to health.
C) whose dangers can be immediately detected.
D) guaranteed to produce disabilities.

Question 51

Pressing your smartphone on your chest to diagnose a heart attack is a scenario from

A) science fiction.
B) perhaps a century in the future.
C) the near future of digital medicine.
D) a horror movie.

Question 52

What is medical incompetence? Is it a significant cause of death?

Question 53

About _____ Americans die from nicotine use each year.

A) a quarter million
B) half a million
C) a million
D) two million

Question 54

What are the elements of the sick role?

Question 55

Why are heart disease and cancer "luxury diseases"?