Deck 17: Education

Question 1

In Russia,

A) politicians are interested in using the educational system to shape minds, unlike in other countries.
B) there is vigorous competition among textbook publishers.
C) schools are critical of Russia's past.
D) politicians are interested in using the educational system to shape minds, as in other countries.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Both mainstreaming and _____ refer to helping people to become part of the mainstream of society.

A) gatekeeping
B) credential society
C) home schooling
D) inclusion

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In the world's Least Industrialized Nations, _____, as was once common around the globe.

A) it is mainly the wealthy who get a formal education
B) no one goes to school
C) education is universal
D) education is illegal

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The intended beneficial consequences of people's actions are known as

A) latent functions.
B) manifest functions.
C) credential society.
D) the cultural transmission of values.

Question 5

In the United States, universal schooling was an idea of

A) George W. Bush.
B) Abraham Lincoln.
C) Karl Marx.
D) Thomas Jefferson.

Question 6

_____ refers to a function of education that funnels people into a society's various positions.

A) Home schooling
B) Social placement
C) Manifest function
D) Promoting the brightest

Question 7

Maintaining the status quo, a function of schools, is important for the _____, from which most social revolutionaries emerge.

A) very wealthy
B) lower social classes
C) middle class
D) moderately wealthy

Question 8

One-hundred years ago, U.S. schools required attendance by everyone until age _____ or until they completed the _____ grade.

A) 10; third
B) 12; fifth
C) 16; eighth
D) 18; tenth

Question 9

Inez was able to name the first few presidents of the United States from memory by the time she was in fifth grade. Schools extol a society's founders and pass on a society's core values through

A) inclusion.
B) gatekeeping.
C) the cultural transmission of values.
D) habit.

Question 10

"Cultural capital" refers to privileges accompanying a social location that help someone in life, such as

A) having to work to help support your family while in school.
B) highly educated parents.
C) parents with a grade-school education.
D) speaking more than one language.

Question 11

In earlier societies, education was

A) the same as acculturation.
B) unknown.
C) handled by schools, like today.
D) punishable by death.

Question 12

Today, employers use diplomas and degrees as

A) latent functions.
B) a form of payment.
C) manifest functions.
D) sorting devices.

Question 13

_____ are the unintended consequences of people's actions.

A) Manifest functions
B) All functions
C) Latent functions
D) Only negative results

Question 14

Whether community colleges should prepare high school graduates to enter four-year colleges, or prepare the students for vocational work,

A) was settled in favor of the former some years ago.
B) is stipulated by law.
C) depends on the age of the students.
D) has always been a matter of dispute.

Question 15

_____ require that all children attend school until they reach a specified age, or until they complete a minimum grade in school.

A) Optional education laws
B) Very few states
C) Mandatory education laws
D) All countries

Question 16

About _____ of all Americans today are college graduates.

A) one-tenth
B) one-fourth
C) one-third
D) two-thirds

Question 17

Of the following states, which has the lowest percentage of high school dropouts?

A) California
B) New York
C) Florida
D) Wyoming

Question 18

_____ is a formal system of teaching knowledge, values, and skills.

A) Mandatory age
B) Education
C) Community college
D) Industrialization

Question 19

Today, _____ of eight Americans have not finished high school.

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 20

In grade schools in Japan, all children in a class

A) study the same page from the same textbook at the same time.
B) work with a state-provided tutor.
C) progress at their individual pace.
D) are required by law to attend a "cram school."

Question 21

From the 1960s to the present, verbal scores in the SAT have

A) risen slightly.
B) risen greatly.
C) remained the same.
D) declined.

Question 22

Conflict theorists look at

A) the benefits of education.
B) reproduction of the social class structure by the educational system.
C) the usefulness of the hidden curriculum.
D) the way that education helps undermine the dominance of the elite.

Question 23

Part of the hidden curriculum, according to conflict theorists, is

A) obedience to authority.
B) to make the United States the top nation in the world in math scores.
C) actually forbidden by law.
D) questioning authority.

Question 24

The Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968) experiment, and a good deal of other research, confirms that

A) children who are expected to do better generally do better.
B) children who are expected to do worse generally do better.
C) children who are expected to do better generally do worse.
D) IQ points increase in all children over time.

Question 25

Intelligence tests

A) help to keep the social class system intact.
B) use neutral questions rather than culturally biased questions.
C) perform a useful function for society, according to conflict theorists.
D) are geared to help lower-class children perform well.

Question 26

Girish found himself in honors classes or special, smaller, more innovative versions of regular classes as soon as he entered high school. He had not asked for this; it just happened automatically, based on his performance in middle school and perhaps some tests he had taken along the way. Girish's experience is an example of

A) the credential society.
B) home schooling.
C) cultural transmission of values.
D) tracking.

Question 27

The states that have the highest per-pupil spending rates cluster mainly in the

A) South.
B) West.
C) Northeast.
D) Southeast.

Question 28

From a conflict perspective, school funding

A) is actually quite equitable in the United States.
B) is irrelevant to the larger struggle.
C) shows its true colors by being based on property taxes.
D) is stacked against the poor in some, but not all, states.

Question 29

Through _____, a student may influence teacher perceptions and receive higher grades.

A) signaling
B) showing off
C) lack of cooperation
D) disagreement with the teacher

Question 30

Per-pupil spending varies by state, from ______ at the low end to _____ at the high end.

A) $1,423; $3,671
B) $2,811; $5,670
C) $3,905; $11,302
D) $5,963; $19,649

Question 31

Researchers found that from kindergarten to fifth grade, when children have equal test scores, _____ receive higher grades.

A) girls
B) students with poorer behavior
C) boys
D) the more difficult students

Question 32

Research shows that the power of _____ can help you to rise to many challenges in college and in life.

A) negative expectations
B) self-expectancy
C) signaling
D) blaming oneself

Question 33

Which statement about home-schooled students is true?

A) Home-schooling began in the 1950s.
B) Their test scores are consistently below students who attend regular schools.
C) Some colleges actively recruit home-schooled applicants.
D) They are socially isolated.

Question 34

On average, people who complete college live _____ than high-school drop-outs.

A) five years less
B) five years longer
C) at least 10 years longer
D) 20 years longer

Question 35

Of those who complete high school, a higher percentage of _____ go on to college.

A) whites
B) African Americans
C) Latinos
D) conflict theorists

Question 36

In a self-fulfilling prophecy, the assertion was originally _____, and becomes _____.

A) true; false
B) true; true
C) false; true
D) false; false

Question 37

Regardless of whether children have high or low ability, they are more likely to go to college if their parents

A) did not go to college.
B) have high income.
C) come from a lower social class.
D) have low income.

Question 38

Randolph gave all pupils an equal chance to succeed in his second-grade class. But he demanded more from the children of professionals and the wealthier families in town. It only seemed natural, because they were generally better readers, better students. He did not deliberately discriminate against students from disadvantaged homes. In fact, Randolph was delighted when one of them performed well. But when it came to social inequality, he

A) actively encouraged it.
B) inadvertently perpetuated it.
C) fought against it at every opportunity.
D) took no position one way or the other.

Question 39

In a classic study by Ray Rist, it was determined by observation that each child's journey through school was essentially

A) haphazard and unpredictable.
B) completely like the other children's.
C) determined by the eighth day of kindergarten.
D) determined by the end of fifth grade.

Question 40

_____ are the most likely group to attend private colleges.

A) Native Americans
B) Asian Americans
C) Whites
D) African Americans

Question 41

With _____, students get passed from one grade to the next despite failing to learn the basic materials.

A) increasing literacy
B) increased standards for teachers
C) grade inflation
D) social promotion

Question 42

_____ refers to high school graduates who have never mastered things they should have learned in grade school.

A) Mediocrity
B) Grade inflation
C) Functional illiteracy
D) IQ adjustment

Question 43

Where did the "three R's" expression come from?

Question 44

In recent years, to accommodate today's students, those who develop the SAT have

A) made it easier.
B) added a section on analogies and antonyms.
C) made it more difficult.
D) shortened the time allowed to take the test.

Question 45

Describe gatekeeping.

Question 46

_____ refers to higher grades given for the same work.

A) Social promotion
B) Grade inflation
C) Rising standards
D) Grade deflation

Question 47

High school administrators across the nation have faked their graduation rates in order to

A) not lose funding.
B) show that they value honesty above all else.
C) help failing students.
D) improve educational standards.

Question 48

Concerning deaths in school shootings, the trend over the last 20 years is _____ deaths.

A) a decrease in
B) a slight increase in
C) no change in
D) a doubling of

Question 49

What is the effect of technology on education?

A) It is having no discernible impact on education.
B) It is essentially a new carrot that probably will not work any better than the previous ones that have been tried.
C) Its relationship with education could be compared to that between memorizing and thinking.
D) It is transforming education.

Question 50

According to Bowles and Gintis (1976), what characteristics of society match which characteristics of schools?

Question 51

If rigorous teaching is done and high standards are used to measure performance, this means that some students used to low standards will not graduate. This upsets

A) parents.
B) students.
C) parents and students.
D) no one.

Question 52

The 2014 starting salaries for U.S. graduates with a BA or BS degree were highest in

A) the social sciences.
B) engineering.
C) education.
D) business.

Question 53

How do schools bring about social integration?

Question 54

What are the three models of online learning?

Question 55

Of the students who take MOOCs,

A) 90% complete them.
B) enrollment is limited to students in a particular country.
C) most are enrolled in the college teaching the MOOC.
D) 10% complete them.