Deck 11: Sex and Gender

Question 1

The behaviors and attitudes that a society considers proper for its males and females are known as

A) primary sex characteristics.
B) sex.
C) gender stratification.
D) gender.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A vagina, penis, and other organs related to reproduction make up the

A) secondary sex characteristics.
B) sociological significance of gender.
C) primary sex characteristics.
D) tertiary sex characteristics.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In societies such as Afghanistan, India, and Jordan, a woman thought to have brought disgrace on her family may be

A) condemned to go without speaking for a year.
B) killed by a male relative in a so-called "honor killing."
C) asked to emigrate abroad.
D) forbidden to marry.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

From Murdock's 1937 cross-cultural survey of 324 societies,

A) men's work was defined the same everywhere.
B) most countries did not distinguish men's work and women's work.
C) women's work was defined the same everywhere.
D) only metallurgy was considered men's work in all of the societies examined.

Question 5

Universally, _____ prestige is given to male activities, regardless of what those activities are.

A) less
B) greater
C) no
D) all

Question 6

_____ refers to the biological characteristics that distinguish females and males.

A) Gender
B) Sex
C) Gender stratification
D) Nurture

Question 7

In ancient hunter-gatherer societies, it is thought that women contributed about _____ of the group's total food.

A) 10%
B) 30%
C) 60%
D) 90%

Question 8

Sociologists have the task of discovering how _____ modify/modifies _____, particularly to determine how "different" becomes translated into "unequal."

A) biology; social factors
B) social factors; biology
C) sex; gender
D) primary sex characteristics; biology

Question 9

According to one theory, patriarchy stems from

A) sexuality.
B) warfare and body strength.
C) an historic battle of the sexes.
D) trial and error.

Question 10

According to UNESCO (2015), about _____ of illiterate adults in the world are women.

A) one-fourth
B) one-half
C) two-thirds
D) nine-tenths

Question 11

How many categories of gender does Facebook offer?

A) 2
B) 5
C) 10
D) Over 40

Question 12

Which statement about female circumcision is true?

A) It is legal in all African countries.
B) The societies that practice female circumcision are dominated by women.
C) Men dominate the societies that practice it.
D) Hospitals do not take part in female circumcision.

Question 13

In contemporary Iran, when a woman's parents die, the woman

A) may inherit only half of what her brother inherits.
B) may inherit twice what her brother inherits.
C) can inherit nothing.
D) inherits the parents' debts.

Question 14

What is the origin of patriarchy, according one theory?

A) Tradition
B) Human reproduction
C) Democracy
D) Religious texts

Question 15

In a patriarchy, who has the authority?

A) Democratically elected leaders
B) Women
C) Men
D) Everyone

Question 16

In terms of the number of women in politics, the United States is

A) far above the average.
B) slightly above the average.
C) average.
D) below average

Question 17

The unequal access of males and females to property, power, and prestige is referred to as

A) gender stratification.
B) sex.
C) gender.
D) secondary sex characteristics.

Question 18

The philosophy that men and women should be politically, economically, and socially equal is

A) sexist.
B) referred to as gender tracking.
C) called feminism.
D) accepted at all levels of society and government.

Question 19

From Murdoch's classic cross-cultural survey, we can see that

A) nothing about biology requires men and women to be assigned different work.
B) women in the developing world never work in construction.
C) biology itself is what requires men and women to be assigned different work.
D) hunting was an exclusively male activity.

Question 20

In the first wave of feminism, the

A) radical branch, which wanted to reform all the institutions of society, dominated.
B) conservative branch, whose goal was to win the vote for women, dominated.
C) goal was raising women's pay.
D) focus was on the least industrialized nations.

Question 21

The percentage of women in the work force

A) is equal from state to state.
B) is higher in Texas than in Vermont.
C) peaks at 69% in North Dakota.
D) peaks at 54% in Alabama.

Question 22

The number of women physicians grew from _____ in 1970 to _____ in 2012.

A) 0%; 25%
B) 5%; 39%
C) 8%; 48%
D) 20%; 61%

Question 23

A gender gap in pay occurs in

A) the West exclusively.
B) all industrialized nations.
C) the East exclusively.
D) some but not all industrialized nations.

Question 24

In the U.S. labor force, the number of women is about one in

A) five.
B) four.
C) three.
D) two.

Question 25

The author's "testosterone bonus" states that on average, employers start men out at _____ salaries than women, and _____ catch up.

A) lower; men soon
B) higher; women soon
C) higher; women never
D) lower; men never

Question 26

Common insults in the military, sports, and everyday life use _____ terms to describe _____.

A) feminine; women
B) masculine; men
C) feminine; men
D) endearing; women

Question 27

The _____ women has led to affirmative action for men in some U.S. colleges.

A) declining enrollment of
B) enrollment increase to nearly 50%
C) soaring enrollment to nearly 60%
D) gender tracking of

Question 28

Which statement about gender inequality in health care is true?

A) It has manifested itself as intentional sexism in heart surgery.
B) It has manifested itself as unintentional sexism in heart surgery.
C) It does not exist.
D) Women's health is receiving less emphasis today than in the past.

Question 29

The legal definition of sexual harassment

A) includes desire as a necessary element.
B) is murky concerning whether a heterosexual harassing a homosexual constitutes sexual harassment.
C) does not include sexual desire as a necessary element.
D) is murky concerning whether a transgendered employee harassing another transgendered employee constitutes sexual harassment.

Question 30

Women are more likely to get doctorates in _____ than in _____.

A) psychology; engineering
B) physical sciences; biological sciences
C) engineering; psychology
D) computer sciences; engineering

Question 31

Researchers have found that about _____ of the gender pay gap is due to career choices.

A) one-fourth
B) one-half
C) three-fourths
D) nine-tenths

Question 32

The "Dick and Jane" readers

A) were gender-neutral.
B) conveyed the idea that women were destined to be mothers and companions of men.
C) were declared illegal in the early 1960s.
D) promoted feminist ideas.

Question 33

In each passing year of graduate school, the proportion of men

A) declines.
B) stays the same.
C) increases.
D) decreases in the sciences.

Question 34

One potentially effective step in closing the pay gap that women can take immediately is to

A) threaten the employer.
B) ask for a large raise.
C) quit.
D) ask for a modest raise.

Question 35

A focus on the least industrialized nations is characteristic of _____ feminism.

A) the first wave of
B) the second wave of
C) the third wave of
D) all

Question 36

An example of surgical sexism is

A) the real danger of cancer.
B) unnecessary hysterectomies.
C) remaining neutral as to the need for hysterectomies.
D) refusing to perform hysterectomies that are necessary.

Question 37

The goals of the second wave of feminism

A) continue today.
B) have been met.
C) mainly concerned voting.
D) are captured in the "Dick and Jane' readers.

Question 38

The abuse of one's position of authority to force unwanted sexual demands on someone is known as

A) sexual harassment.
B) sexual orientation.
C) unfortunate but legal.
D) the glass ceiling.

Question 39

Today, _____ can be found guilty of sexual harassment.

A) virtually no one
B) only men
C) both men and women
D) only women

Question 40

In 1940, what were the percentages of women and men in U.S. colleges?

A) 25% women, 75% men
B) 35% women, 65% men
C) 48% women, 52% men
D) 53% women, 47% men

Question 41

Since 1789, about _____ men have served in the U.S. Senate, compared to _____ women.

A) 300; 11
B) 500; 27
C) 1000; 30
D) 2000; 44

Question 42

Does gender have a sociological significance? If so, what?

Question 43

Today, women are paid about 73% of what men are paid. What are some of the reasons?

Question 44

Which of the following relationships between victim and rapist is most frequent?

A) Relative
B) Known well
C) Casual acquaintance
D) Stranger

Question 45

Which of the following statements about rape is true?

A) The rate of rape in the United States has tripled since 1990.
B) The rate of rape in the United States has doubled since 1990.
C) A fear of rape among U.S. women is well founded.
D) Rape has been virtually eliminated.

Question 46

Most rape victims are aged

A) 12 to 15.
B) 16 to 19.
C) 50 to 64.
D) 65 and older.

Question 47

Female voters _____ male voters.

A) are greatly outnumbered by
B) are slightly outnumbered by
C) are about the same in number as
D) greatly outnumber

Question 48

No _____ has yet been elected to the U.S. Senate.

A) Asian American woman
B) Latina
C) African American woman
D) Asian American man

Question 49

Women's fuller participation in the decision-making processes of social institutions has

A) worsened stereotypes.
B) pushed males into "masculine" activities.
C) caused the distinction between the sexes to disappear.
D) shown the potential for making gender equality less a social goal than a background condition of life.

Question 50

To give an idea of the scope of date rape, approximately _____ college women were victims of sexual assault within the past six months.

A) 10,000
B) 100,000
C) 250,000
D) 500,000

Question 51

Because there are more females than males, how can females be considered a minority group?

Question 52

Today, about how many women, compared to men, serve in the U.S. House of Representatives and U.S. Senate?

A) One in two
B) One in three
C) One in five
D) One in nine

Question 53

Hannah Bowles (2012) interviewed 50 women who had reached top positions in their companies. She found five things that these people did to break the glass ceiling. What were the five things?

Question 54

In the United States, most killers are _____ and their victims are primarily _____.

A) men; men
B) men; women
C) women; women
D) women; men

Question 55

What is girlie feminism? Which wave of feminism does it fit into?