Deck 15: Kinesiology Applications in Sports and Recreation

Question 1

When does the late cocking phase of pitching end?

A) When the front foot contacts the ground
B) When the back foot contacts the ground
C) When the ball separates from the glove
D) When the pitching shoulder reaches maximum lateral rotation

Answer 1

When the pitching shoulder reaches maximum lateral rotation

Question 2

What phase of pitching is associated with maximal elongation of the pitcher's body?

A) Cocking
B) Wind-up
C) Acceleration
D) Follow-through

Answer 2

Cocking

Question 3

What is the average angular velocity (degrees/second) of the shoulder during the acceleration phase of pitching?

A) 60
B) 600
C) 6,000
D) 60,000

Answer 3

6,000

Question 4

Approximately how many degrees of hip and knee flexion occur during the wind-up phase of pitching?

A) 30
B) 60
C) 90
D) 120

Question 5

When does the acceleration phase of pitching end?

A) When the front foot contacts the ground
B) When the back foot contacts the ground
C) Ball releases from the hand
D) Pitching shoulder reaches maximum lateral rotation

Question 6

During the late cocking phase of pitching, how many degrees of pure lateral rotation come from the glenohumeral joint?

A) 90
B) 120
C) 150
D) 175

Question 7

What is the correct action for the listed muscles as the shoulder laterally rotates during the cocking phase? ______________ contraction of lateral rotators and a(n) ___________ contraction of medial rotators

A) Concentric; concentric
B) Concentric; eccentric
C) Eccentric; concentric
D) Eccentric; eccentric

Question 8

When does the early cocking phase of pitching end?

A) When the front foot contacts the ground
B) When the back foot contacts the ground
C) When the ball separates from the glove
D) When the pitching shoulder reaches maximum lateral rotation

Question 9

What phase of the baseball pitch is the "stride phase" also referred to as?

A) Early cocking
B) Late cocking
C) Acceleration
D) Follow through

Question 10

During the follow-through phase of pitching, what two positions does the shoulder move into?

A) Medial rotation and horizontal adduction
B) Medial rotation and horizontal abduction
C) Lateral rotation and horizontal adduction
D) Lateral rotation and horizontal abduction

Question 11

At what angle is the trunk in relation to the target during the late cocking phase?

A) 0 $\degree$ , parallel
B) 45 $\degree$
C) 90 $\degree$ ,perpendicular
D) 135 $\degree$

Question 12

Which phase of pitching is considered to be the most explosive?

A) Early cocking
B) Late cocking
C) Acceleration
D) Follow through

Question 13

During pitching a baseball, at ball release, what position is the elbow in?

A) The elbow is fully extended at ball release: 0 $\degree$ .
B) The elbow is slightly flexed at ball release: 25 $\degree$ .
C) The elbow is moderately flexed at ball release: 65 $\degree$ .
D) The elbow is markedly flexed at ball release: 105 $\degree$ .

Question 14

When does the wind-up phase of pitching end?

A) After the catcher indicates the signal for what type of pitch to throw
B) After the pitcher receives the signal for what type of pitch to throw
C) When the pitcher initiates his motion
D) When the ball separates from the glove

Question 15

At which phase of pitching does the stride leg bear the majority of body weight?

A) Cocking
B) Wind-up
C) Acceleration
D) Follow-through

Question 16

During which phase of pitching is the hand and ball furthest from the target?

A) Cocking
B) Wind-up
C) Acceleration
D) Follow-through

Question 17

During the follow-through phase of pitching, what is the predominant type of rotator cuff contraction?

A) Isometric
B) Concentric
C) Eccentric
D) The rotator cuff muscles are silent during this phase of pitching.

Question 18

Taking into consideration the glenohumeral joint, scapulothoracic rotation, and trunk extension, how many degrees of lateral rotation are apparent at the end of the cocking phase?

A) 90
B) 120
C) 150
D) 175

Question 19

The acceleration phase of pitching begins when the _______________.

A) front foot contacts the ground
B) back foot contacts the ground
C) ball releases from the hand
D) pitching shoulder reaches maximum lateral rotation

Question 20

What is the quietest and most variable pitching phase?

A) Early cocking
B) Wind-up
C) Acceleration
D) Follow-through

Question 21

What position is the pelvis and knee moving into during the backswing phase of a soccer in-step kick?

A) Anterior tilt; knee extension
B) Anterior tilt; knee flexion
C) Posterior tilt; knee extension
D) Posterior tilt; knee flexion

Question 22

The wind-up phase of the softball windmill pitch begins when the pitcher moves the ball to which position?

A) 3:00
B) 6:00
C) 9:00
D) 12:00

Question 23

What is the ideal angle to approach a soccer ball for an in-step kick?

A) 0-15 $\degree$
B) 15-30 $\degree$
C) 30-45 $\degree$
D) 45-60 $\degree$

Question 24

Which phase of the softball windmill pitch has the most variety?

A) Wind-up
B) 6:00-3:00
C) 3:00-12:00
D) 12:00-9:00

Question 25

When is the acceleration phase of a soccer in-step kick completed?

A) When the foot from the support limb comes in full contact with the ground
B) When the knee of the kicking limb is in maximal flexion
C) When the kicking limb contacts the ball
D) After completion of the activity

Question 26

Which phase of a softball windmill pitch do the supraspinatus and infraspinatus exhibit their greatest activity?

A) 6:00-3:00
B) 3:00-12:00
C) 12:00-9:00
D) 9:00-ball release

Question 27

What are the dominant muscles used during the acceleration phase to kick a ball?

A) Hip flexors and hamstrings
B) Hip flexors and quadriceps
C) Quadriceps and hamstrings
D) Hamstrings and adductors

Question 28

Which phase of the windmill softball pitch exhibits minimal muscular activity?

A) Wind-up
B) 6:00-3:00
C) 3:00-12:00
D) 12:00-9:00

Question 29

During a softball windmill pitch, what is the average angular velocity (degrees/second) when the shoulder moves from 6:00 to 3:00?

A) 5
B) 50
C) 500
D) 5,000

Question 30

Which phase of the softball windmill pitch does the shoulder move from lateral to medial rotation?

A) 6:00-3:00
B) 3:00-12:00
C) 12:00-9:00
D) 9:00-ball release

Question 31

Which phase of the softball windmill pitch is the biceps brachii most active?

A) 6:00-3:00
B) 3:00-12:00
C) 12:00-9:00
D) 9:00-ball release

Question 32

Which two muscles are most active on the support limb during the acceleration phase of a soccer in-step kick?

A) Gluteus medius and quadriceps
B) Gluteus maximus and quadriceps
C) Gluteus medius and anterior tibialis
D) Quadriceps and anterior tibialis

Question 33

What is the primary function of the upper extremities during a soccer in-step kick?

A) Provide agility
B) Provide balance
C) Provide coordination
D) Provide power

Question 34

What hip position is the kick leg moving into during the backswing phase of a soccer in-step kick?

A) Extension, medial rotation and abduction
B) Flexion, lateral rotation and adduction
C) Extension, lateral rotation and adduction
D) Flexion, medial rotation and abduction

Question 35

During a softball windmill pitch, what plane does the shoulder predominantly move in from 6:00 to 3:00?

A) Frontal
B) Transverse
C) Sagittal
D) Horizontal

Question 36

Which muscles probably contract to cause the torso to rotate opposite that of the pelvis during the leg-cocking phase of an in-step soccer kick?

A) Quadratus lumborum and semispinalis
B) Semispinalis and multifidi
C) Multifidi and external oblique
D) External oblique and internal oblique

Question 37

During freestyle swimming, for every arm stroke, how many leg kicks are there?

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four

Question 38

Approximately what percentage do the legs contribute to a swimmer's speed?

A) 40%
B) 30%
C) 20%
D) 10%

Question 39

How many degrees of circular movement does a full windmill pitch encompass?

A) 180
B) 270
C) 360
D) 450

Question 40

What are the primary muscles active in medial rotation of the humerus during the windmill pitch?

A) Teres minor and teres major
B) Teres major and latissimus dorsi
C) Latissimus dorsi and subscapularis
D) Subscapularis and pectoralis major

Question 41

During freestyle swimming, how does the roll occur?

A) As one unit
B) As two units
C) As three units
D) The body does not roll in units during freestyle swimming.

Question 42

When does the middle pull-through phase of the freestyle swimming stroke end?

A) When the hand exits the water
B) When the arm is at its most extended position
C) When the arm is at its deepest point in the water
D) When the arm is perpendicular to the trunk

Question 43

During which phase of the golf swing are the supraspinatus and infraspinatus most active?

A) Wind-up
B) Forward swing
C) Acceleration
D) Follow-through

Question 44

What part of the upper extremity exits the water first during the recovery phase of the freestyle swimming stroke?

A) Hand
B) Elbow
C) Shoulder
D) All of the above listed body parts exit the water simultaneously.

Question 45

What phase of freestyle swimming is the serratus anterior most active in?

A) Hand entry
B) Early pull-through
C) Middle pull-through
D) Late pull-through

Question 46

When does the forward swing phase of a golf swing terminate?

A) At the top of the backswing
B) When the club is perpendicular to the ground
C) When the club is horizontal to the ground
D) At ball contact

Question 47

During the wind-up phase of the golf swing in a right-handed golfer, how is the head positioned?

A) Neutrally positioned
B) Rotated to the right
C) Rotated to the left
D) Sidebent to the left
E) Sidebent to the right

Question 48

During freestyle swimming, most of the kicking motion comes from which joint?

A) Ankle
B) Knee
C) Hip
D) Equal distribution from all three joints

Question 49

When does the early pull-through phase of the freestyle swimming stroke end?

A) When the hand exits the water
B) When the arm is at its most extended position
C) When the arm is at its deepest point in the water
D) When the arm is perpendicular to the trunk

Question 50

What motions of the humerus occur during the middle pull-through phase of freestyle swimming?

A) Abduction and medial rotation
B) Flexion and adduction
C) Adduction and extension
D) Lateral rotation and adduction

Question 51

For a right-handed golfer, what position is the humerus in at the top of the backswing?

A) Abducted and medially rotated
B) Abducted and laterally rotated
C) Adducted and medially rotated
D) Adducted and laterally rotated

Question 52

What type of grip is used to hold a golf club?

A) Power grip
B) Lateral prehension
C) Hook
D) Three jaw chuck

Question 53

When does the acceleration phase of a golf swing terminate?

A) At the top of the backswing
B) When the club is perpendicular to the ground
C) When the club is horizontal to the ground
D) At ball contact

Question 54

Which two muscles are important for maintaining spinal stability in the golfer?

A) Rectus abdominis and external oblique
B) External oblique and multifidus
C) Multifidus and transverse abdominis
D) Transverse abdominis and erector spinae

Question 55

Which of the wrist flexors has been shown to exhibit between 50% and 80% of its maximum force throughout most of the freestyle stroke?

A) Flexor carpi radialis
B) Flexor carpi ulnaris
C) Flexor digitorum superficialis
D) Flexor digitorum profundus

Question 56

What phase of freestyle swimming does body roll begin in?

A) Hand entry
B) Early pull-through
C) Middle pull-through
D) Late pull-through

Question 57

When does the late pull-through phase of the freestyle swimming stroke end?

A) When the hand exits the water
B) When the arm is at its most extended position
C) When the arm is at its deepest point in the water
D) When the arm is perpendicular to the trunk

Question 58

For a right-handed golfer, what position is the scapula in at the top of the backswing?

A) Protracted and slightly upwardly rotated
B) Protracted and slightly downwardly rotated
C) Retracted and slightly upwardly rotated
D) Retracted and slightly downwardly rotated

Question 59

Of the following statements, which is false as it relates to the pull-through phase of freestyle swimming?

A) The hand creates a "C"-shaped path of motion while in the water.
B) It ends when the hand exits the water.
C) Is considered to be the propulsive phase.
D) It makes up approximately 65% of the entire stroke.

Question 60

Which of the following muscles is "quiet" throughout the golf swing?

A) Pectoralis major
B) Latissimus dorsi
C) Rhomboid major
D) Deltoid

Question 61

The biceps brachii is more active during the softball windmill pitch when compared with pitching a baseball.

Question 62

During the acceleration phase of pitching, the forearm supinates.

Question 63

For a right-handed golfer, during which phase of the golf swing does the weight transfer to the lead leg?

A) Wind-up
B) Forward swing
C) Acceleration
D) Follow-through

Question 64

Similar to a baseball pitch, golf swing, and tennis serve, the cycling motion has five to six phases.

Question 65

Ball release during pitching occurs with the shoulder in medial rotation.

Question 66

Overall, muscular activity of the shoulder muscles is greater during the deceleration phase of a windmill softball pitch compared with the same phase of pitching a baseball.

Question 67

During which phase of a golf swing is overall muscle activity greatest?

A) Wind-up
B) Forward swing
C) Acceleration
D) Follow-through

Question 68

The muscles of the lower extremity, pelvis and trunk provide more than 50% of the force for pitching.

Question 69

For a right-handed golfer, during which phase of the golf swing are the left external and right internal obliques most active?

A) Wind-up
B) Forward swing
C) Acceleration
D) Follow-through

Question 70

For a right-handed golfer, during which phase of the golf swing is the right gluteus maximus most active?

A) Wind-up
B) Forward swing
C) Acceleration
D) Follow-through

Question 71

During cycling, the hamstrings act to assist with hip extension during the first half of the power phase and to flex the knee during the second half of the power phase.

Question 72

During the early cocking phase, the body begins to move forward, keeping the arm behind it.

Question 73

In tennis, the backhand is the most rigorous stroke.

Question 74

During the acceleration phase of a tennis serve, the lower extremities muscles reach peak activity levels before the upper extremity muscles.

Question 75

Throughout most of the windmill pitch in softball, the wrist remains stabilized in flexion.

Question 76

During the wind-up phase of pitching, a weight transfer occurs from the back leg to the front leg.

Question 77

Muscle activity during the acceleration phase is primarily concentric in nature.

Question 78

Evidence from research suggests there are no differences in delivery times of the ball to the plate when the body of the pitcher faces the batter compared with when the glove side of the pitcher faces the batter.

Question 79

As clinical kinesiologists, we routinely perform a quantitative biomechanical assessment of an activity.

Question 80

During the follow-through phase of a golf swing, of what variety are most muscle contractions?

A) Concentric
B) Eccentric
C) Isometric
D) No one type of muscle contraction dominates this phase of the golf swing.