Deck 11: Ankle and Foot

Question 1

The distal tibiofibular joint is classified as what type of joint?

A) Amphiarthrosis
B) Syndesmosis
C) Synovial
D) Cartilaginous

Answer 1

Syndesmosis

Question 2

Which of the following is not considered one of the arches of the foot?

A) Posterior longitudinal
B) Medial longitudinal
C) Lateral longitudinal
D) Transverse

Answer 2

Posterior longitudinal

Question 3

Which tendon runs through a groove on the posterior, medial aspect of the talus?

A) Flexor digitorum longus
B) Flexor digitorum brevis
C) Flexor hallucis longus
D) Flexor hallucis brevis

Answer 3

Flexor hallucis longus

Question 4

Motion at the subtalar joint occurs in ____ plane(s).

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 5

What percentage of weight does the fibula bear during ambulation?

A) 10%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 70%

Question 6

How many muscle(s) either insert or originate on the talus?

A) Three
B) Two
C) One
D) None

Question 7

The proximal tibiofibular joint is classified as what type of a joint?

A) Amphiarthrosis
B) Syndesmosis
C) Synovial
D) Cartilaginous

Question 8

The subtalar joint has ____ degree(s) of angular freedom.

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 9

The lateral malleolus sits __________ and __________ compared to the medial malleolus.

A) anterior; superior
B) anterior; inferior
C) posterior; superior
D) posterior; inferior

Question 10

Which talar facet is the largest?

A) Anterior
B) Posterior
C) Medial
D) Lateral

Question 11

The tibial shaft is rotated ___________ in the __________ plane.

A) laterally; frontal
B) laterally; transverse
C) medially; frontal
D) medially; transverse

Question 12

This aspect of the tibia bears a significant amount of weight:

A) lateral malleolus
B) medial malleolus
C) tibial plafond
D) fibular notch

Question 13

A "high ankle sprain" is typically associated with injury to which ligament?

A) Anterior talofibular
B) Anterior tibiofibular
C) Anterior tibionavicular
D) Anterior tibiocalcaneal

Question 14

With dorsiflexion at the talocrural joint, the fibula _________ relative to the tibia, whereas it slides __________ at the superior tibiofibular joint.

A) abducts; superior
B) adducts; superior
C) abducts; inferior
D) adducts; inferior

Question 15

The tibia is rotated approximately 20 $\degree$ to 30 $\degree$ degrees __________ about its longitudinal axis.

A) anteriorly
B) posteriorly
C) laterally
D) medially

Question 16

In the foot, which of the following motions occurs in the transverse plane?

A) Dorsiflexion
B) Plantarflexion
C) Inversion
D) Abduction

Question 17

Which of the following most accurately represents the motions of pronation at the subtalar joint in an open kinematic chain?

A) Plantarflexion, eversion, adduction
B) Inversion, plantarflexion, adduction
C) Abduction, dorsiflexion, inversion
D) Dorsiflexion, eversion, abduction

Question 18

Which metatarsal is the longest and thinnest?

A) Second
B) Third
C) Fourth
D) Fifth

Question 19

The cuboid contains a groove on its lateral and plantar aspect for the passage of which tendon?

A) Peroneus brevis
B) Peroneus longus
C) Peroneus tertius
D) Anterior tibialis

Question 20

The cuneiforms are part of the:

A) rearfoot
B) midfoot
C) forefoot
D) leg

Question 21

During closed kinetic chain dorsiflexion at the talocrural joint, the tibia rolls _______ and glides _________.

A) anterior; anterior
B) anterior; posterior
C) posterior; anterior
D) posterior; posterior

Question 22

At the midtarsal joints, a greater amount of motion occurs at the calcaneocuboid joint compared with the talonavicular joint.

Question 23

During open kinetic chain dorsiflexion-plantarflexion at the calcaneocuboid joint, the cuboid rolls and glides in the same direction.

Question 24

The sesamoid bones just proximal to the head of the first metatarsal serve many functions including increasing the internal moment arm of the flexor hallucis longus.

Question 25

When the terms, "supination" and "pronation" are used, typically the individual is referring to motion at which joint?

A) Superior tibiofibular
B) Inferior tibiofibular
C) Talocrural
D) Subtalar

Question 26

The plantar aspect of the talonavicular joint is supported by the plantar ___________ ligament.

A) talonavicular
B) calcaneonavicular
C) subtalar
D) interosseous

Question 27

During open kinetic chain dorsiflexion at the talocrural joint, the talus rolls ________ and glides _______.

A) anterior; anterior
B) anterior; posterior
C) posterior; anterior
D) posterior; posterior

Question 28

A "lateral ankle sprain" is typically associated with injury to which ligament?

A) Anterior talofibular
B) Anterior tibiofibular
C) Anterior tibionavicular
D) Anterior tibiocalcaneal

Question 29

Similar to dorsiflexion, plantarflexion range of motion is greater when the knee is flexed compared with when the knee is extended.

Question 30

Which group of metatarsals are the most mobile?

A) First and second
B) Second and third
C) Third and fourth
D) Fourth and fifth

Question 31

During open kinetic chain eversion of the subtalar joint, the calcaneus rolls _______ and glides ________

A) medially; medially
B) medially; laterally
C) laterally; medially
D) laterally; laterally

Question 32

When the subtalar joint pronates, the midtarsal joints become more ________, thereby allowing the foot to ______________.

A) mobile; accommodate to uneven surfaces
B) rigid; accommodate to uneven surfaces
C) mobile; act as a rigid lever for propulsion
D) rigid; act as a rigid lever for propulsion

Question 33

The bony geometry, configuration at the talonavicular joint resembles a _______ joint.

A) planar
B) hinge
C) ball and socket
D) saddle

Question 34

More than 50% of the talus is covered by articular cartilage.

Question 35

The ____________ axis of the transverse tarsal joint most closely resembles a pure __________ axis.

A) oblique; anterior-posterior
B) oblique; superior-inferior
C) longitudinal; anterior-posterior
D) longitudinal; superior-inferior

Question 36

The metatarsal shafts are convexly arched on the plantar surface.

Question 37

The talocrural joint axis most closely approximates which pure axis?

A) Anterior-posterior
B) Medial-lateral
C) Superior-inferior
D) Vertical

Question 38

The talocrural joint is an oblique hinge that has one degree of freedom.

Question 39

Injury to the lateral ankle ligaments occurs most commonly when the ankle and foot are in a ________ and _______ position.

A) dorsiflexed; everted
B) dorsiflexed; inverted
C) plantarflexed; everted
D) plantarflexed; inverted

Question 40

The calcaneocuboid joint is classified as a ___________ joint.

A) planar
B) hinge
C) ball and socket
D) saddle

Question 41

A flexible pes planus exhibits as a foot with an arch when non-weight-bearing, but the arch disappears in standing.

Question 42

The foot intrinsics generally act collectively to perform functions such as supporting the longitudinal arch and supplementing the force of the long toe flexors.

Question 43

Closed kinetic chain pronation at the subtalar joint forces the tibia to rotate medially.

Question 44

A pes cavus foot structure is ideal for dissipating the forces that occur during the stance phase of gait.

Question 45

The Achilles tendon is oriented just medial to the subtalar joint axis.

Question 46

The superficial plantar flexors are capable of generating more torque with the knee in a flexed position.

Question 47

Given the high proportion of type II muscle fibers, the soleus acts as a postural muscle.

Question 48

At the first tarsometatarsal joint, dorsiflexion occurs with inversion.

Question 49

When the metatarsophalangeal joints flex, the plantar aponeurosis or fascia becomes taut.