Deck 10: Knee

Question 1

During closed kinematic chain knee flexion, the femoral condyles roll ________ and glide __________.

A) anteriorly; anteriorly
B) anteriorly; posteriorly
C) posteriorly; posteriorly
D) posteriorly; anteriorly

Answer 1

posteriorly; anteriorly

Question 2

The medial femoral condyle is ________ than the lateral femoral condyle though the anterior aspect of the __________ femoral condyle juts further anterior.

A) smaller; medial
B) larger; medial
C) smaller; lateral
D) larger; lateral

Answer 2

larger; lateral

Question 3

The joints of the knee are enclosed in _____ joint capsule(s).

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Answer 3

one

Question 4

The primary determinant of the screw home mechanism is due to:

A) tension in the anterior cruciate ligament
B) the Q-angle and pull of the quadriceps
C) the surface architecture of the femoral condyles
D) the unique kinematic tracking pattern of the patella

Question 5

The blood supply to the menisci is greatest:

A) in the peripheral one-third
B) in the middle one-third
C) in the inner one-third
D) the menisci do not have a blood supply

Question 6

The loose packed position of the patellofemoral joint is:

A) full extension
B) 25 $\degree$ of knee flexion
C) 90 $\degree$ of knee flexion
D) full flexion

Question 7

In a closed kinematic chain (foot on the ground), the anterior cruciate ligament resists:

A) anterior translation of the tibia on the femur
B) posterior translation of the tibia on the femur
C) anterior translation of the femur on the tibia
D) posterior translation of the femur on the tibia

Question 8

Medial and lateral rotation of the tibiofemoral joint take place in the ________ plane about a(n) __________ axis.

A) frontal; vertical
B) sagittal; anterior-posterior
C) transverse; vertical axis
D) frontal; anterior-posterior

Question 9

The closed packed position of the tibiofemoral joint is:

A) full extension
B) 25 $\degree$ of knee flexion
C) 90 $\degree$ of knee flexion
D) full flexion

Question 10

In a closed kinematic chain, terminal extension (the screw home mechanism) is best described as:

A) medial rotation of the femur on the tibia
B) lateral rotation of the femur on the tibia
C) medial rotation of the tibia on the femur
D) lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur

Question 11

How many degrees of freedom does the knee have?

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four

Question 12

Of the following, even in subjects with well-developed quadriceps who have little adipose tissue, which quadriceps muscle can not be observed?

A) Vastus medialis
B) Vastus lateralis
C) Vastus intermedius
D) Rectus femoris

Question 13

The maximum contact area between the patella and femur occurs at approximately ____ $\degree$ .

A) 0
B) 45
C) 90
D) 135

Question 14

The primary responsibility of the vastus medialis oblique muscle is to:

A) extend the knee the last 15 $\degree$
B) provide dynamic restraint to medial patellar subluxation/dislocation
C) provide dynamic restraint to lateral patellar subluxation/dislocation
D) flex the knee the last 15 $\degree$

Question 15

Traditional teaching suggests _________ Q-angles in __________ are associated with the higher incidence of patellofemoral joint pain in this population.

A) smaller; females
B) larger; females
C) smaller; males
D) larger; males

Question 16

Which of the following statements related to the patella is false? The patella:

A) decreases the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps
B) centralizes the forces of the four quadriceps muscles into one concerted direction of pull
C) protects the femoral condyles from direct trauma
D) contributes to the overall stability of the knee

Question 17

The ____________ bundle of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is taut in flexion, whereas the ___________ bundle of the PCL is taut in extension:

A) anteromedial; posterolateral
B) anterolateral; posteromedial
C) posterolateral; anteromedial
D) posteromedial; anterolateral

Question 18

Assuming no obvious postural deviations, the line of gravity falls ___________ to the medial-lateral axis of the hip and ________ to the medial-lateral axis of the tibiofemoral joint.

A) anterior; anterior
B) anterior; posterior
C) posterior; posterior
D) posterior; anterior

Question 19

The popliteus muscle has several functions including __________ rotation of the femur on the tibia in a closed kinematic chain as well as protecting against excessive __________ translation of the femur on the tibia.

A) medial; anterior
B) medial; posterior
C) lateral; anterior
D) lateral; posterior

Question 20

Which muscle is uniquely qualified to flex both the hip and knee?

A) Biceps femoris
B) Gracilis
C) Pectineus
D) Sartorius

Question 21

At the tibiofemoral joint, rolling is predominant during the initiation of flexion range of motion.

Question 22

When the knee is in full extension, the patella sits proximal to the intercondylar groove.

Question 23

The knee relies primarily on its bony geometry and congruency for stability.

Question 24

The menisci move anteriorly during knee extension and posteriorly during knee flexion.

Question 25

With the foot fixed on the ground, a contraction of the soleus can assist with extending the knee.

Question 26

The primary responsibility of the collateral ligaments is to resist anterior-posterior shear forces at the tibiofemoral joint.

Question 27

The collateral ligaments provide a greater percentage of restraining force when the knee is slightly flexed (e.g., 25 $\degree$ ) compared with a fully extended position.

Question 28

As the knee moves from extension into flexion, the contact surface on the patella moves from its superior aspect to its inferior aspect.

Question 29

Even during normal activity, the articulating surfaces of the knee sustain forces that exceed body weight.

Question 30

An individual who is unable to achieve full active knee extension but has full passive motion into extension has a flexion contracture.

Question 31

Closed kinetic chain medial femoral rotation can be performed by the:

A) biceps femoris, short head
B) semitendinosus
C) gracilis
D) sartorius

Question 32

Of the following, which is not a function of the hamstrings?

A) Extension of the hip
B) Pelvic stabilization during prone trunk extension
C) Control the pelvis on the femur when bending forward from sitting or standing
D) Restricting posterior glide of the tibia on the femur

Question 33

There are multiple muscular/tendinous attachments to the menisci.

Question 34

The meniscofemoral ligaments arise from the anterior cruciate ligament.

Question 35

The normal end feel for knee flexion is firm from tightness of the capsule and ligaments.

Question 36

The medial meniscus is more mobile than the lateral meniscus.