Deck 6: Elbow and Forearm Complex

Question 1

Classically the elbow is considered to have ______ degree(s) of freedom.

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Answer 1

one

Question 2

Full elbow flexion necessitates that all of the following tissues have normal length/mobility except the:

A) posterior capsule
B) anterior fibers of the medial collateral ligament
C) ulnar nerve
D) one joint elbow extensors

Answer 2

anterior fibers of the medial collateral ligament

Question 3

During open kinetic chain supination at the distal radioulnar joint, the radius rolls ________ and slides ________.

A) anterior; anterior
B) anterior; posterior
C) posterior; posterior
D) posterior; anterior

Answer 3

posterior; posterior

Question 4

During closed kinetic chain elbow flexion, the capitulum rolls __________ and glides ___________.

A) anterior; anterior
B) anterior; posterior
C) posterior; anterior
D) posterior; posterior

Question 5

In the humeroradial resting position, the radial head is located:

A) anterior to the capitulum
B) posterior to the capitulum
C) medial to the capitulum
D) in full contact with the capitulum

Question 6

Motion at the elbow takes place primarily in the _______ plane about a(n) _______ axis.

A) sagittal; medial-lateral
B) sagittal; anterior-posterior
C) frontal; medial-lateral
D) frontal; anterior-posterior

Question 7

What type of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint is classified as?

A) Ginglymus
B) Trochoid
C) Condyloid
D) Pivot

Question 8

The closed pack position of the proximal radioulnar joint is:

A) full flexion
B) full extension
C) mid-flexion with neutral supination-pronation
D) either full supination or pronation

Question 9

The radioulnar joints primarily rely on _________ for stability?

A) bony geometry
B) active and passive soft tissue restraints
C) negative intra-articular pressure
D) load creating compression and hence stability of joints

Question 10

The carrying angle is most pronounced with the glenohumeral joint ___________ rotated and forearm _____________.

A) medially; pronated
B) medially; supinated
C) laterally; pronated
D) laterally; supinated

Question 11

The normal end feel for elbow extension range of motion is:

A) firm
B) soft tissue approximation
C) bone to bone
D) springy

Question 12

The normal end feel for supination range of motion is:

A) firm
B) bone to bone
C) soft tissue approximation
D) springy

Question 13

The medial collateral ligament of the elbow provides stabilization in the ________ plane.

A) sagittal
B) frontal
C) transverse
D) horizontal

Question 14

The elbow relies mainly on this for stability:

A) active restraints
B) passive restraints
C) bony geometry
D) negative intra-articular pressure

Question 15

On average, there is _________ $\degree$ of motion (extension to flexion) at the elbow.

A) 80
B) 105
C) 120
D) 145

Question 16

In very thin individuals it is possible the end feel for elbow flexion to be bone to bone due to the ____________ process articulating with the ____________ fossa.

A) coronoid; coronoid
B) coronoid; olecranon
C) olecranon; olecranon
D) olecranon; coronoid

Question 17

The elbow complex consists of ______ joint(s) and is surrounded by ________ capsule(s).

A) two; one
B) three; one
C) two; two
D) three; two

Question 18

During open kinetic chain elbow extension, the ________ radial head moves _________ on the capitulum.

A) concave; anteriorly
B) concave; posteriorly
C) convex; anteriorly
D) convex; posteriorly

Question 19

Most of the motion at the elbow comes from this joint:

A) proximal radioulnar
B) distal radioulnar
C) humeroradial
D) humeroulnar

Question 20

Supination and pronation occur in the ___________ plane about a(n) _________ axis.

A) sagittal; medial-lateral
B) frontal; anterior-posterior
C) transverse; superior-inferior
D) coronal; anterior-posterior

Question 21

The oblique cord becomes taut with:

A) elbow flexion
B) elbow extension
C) forearm pronation
D) forearm supination

Question 22

When an individual makes a tight fist, the biceps and triceps act to stabilize the elbow.

Question 23

Typically, the anconeus initiates elbow extension.

Question 24

Of the following, which elbow flexor is recruited in all tasks requiring elbow flexion?

A) Biceps brachii, short head
B) Biceps brachii, long head
C) Brachioradialis
D) Brachialis

Question 25

The supinator muscle is thought to act in isolation to perform slow supination tasks near elbow extension.

Question 26

The quadrate ligament provides stability at which joint?

A) Humeroulnar
B) Humeroradial
C) Proximal radioulnar
D) Distal radioulnar

Question 27

The carrying angle increases when moving from elbow extension to flexion.

Question 28

The interosseous membrane between the radius and ulna serves to perform all of the following functions except:

A) transmit forces from the radius to the ulna
B) transmit forces from the ulna to the radius
C) serve as an attachment site for local musculature
D) increase stability of the radioulnar joints

Question 29

Compared with the shoulder and wrist, the accessory motions at the elbow are substantial.

Question 30

Regardless of angle, the supinator is capable of producing more supination torque than the biceps brachii.

Question 31

The elbow flexor group is innervated by each of the following peripheral nerves except by the __________ nerve

A) median
B) ulnar
C) radial
D) musculocutaneous

Question 32

The pronator teres contributes more to pronation torque compared with the pronator quadrates.

Question 33

In the anatomical position, the elbow joint axis is strictly aligned with the coronal plane.

Question 34

Because the trochlea is located more distal than the capitulum, a valgus carrying angle is created.

Question 35

A gunstock deformity is associated with cubital varus.

Question 36

During most functional motions, bi-articular muscles become active insufficient.

Question 37

The majority of supination and pronation occurs at the distal radioulnar joint.

Question 38

The undersurface of the annular ligament is lined with?

A) Hyaline cartilage
B) Fibrocartilage
C) Elastic cartilage
D) Calcified cartilage

Question 39

Which elbow flexor muscle is unaffected by forearm and shoulder position?

A) Biceps brachii, short head
B) Biceps brachii, long head
C) Brachioradialis
D) Brachialis

Question 40

Of the following, which muscle is capable of producing elbow flexion?

A) Long head of the triceps
B) Pronator teres
C) Pronator quadratus
D) Anconeus