Deck 5: Adverse Drug Reactions

Question 1

Immunomodulators such as azathioprine may cause a delayed adverse drug reaction known as a type D reaction because they are known:

A) Teratogens
B) Carcinogens
C) To cause hypersensitivity reactions
D) Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis suppressants

Answer 1

Carcinogens

Question 2

James has hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression from chronic prednisone (a corticosteroid) use. He is at risk for what type of adverse drug reaction?

A) Type B
B) Type C
C) Type E
D) Type F

Answer 2

Type C

Question 3

Digoxin may cause a type A adverse drug reaction due to:

A) Idiosyncratic effects
B) Its narrow therapeutic index
C) Being a teratogen
D) Being a carcinogen

Answer 3

Its narrow therapeutic index

Question 4

The elderly are at high risk of ADRs due to:

A) Having greater muscle mass than younger adults, leading to higher volume of distribution
B) The extensive studies that have been conducted on drug safety in this age group
C) The blood-brain barrier being less permeable, requiring higher doses to achieve therapeutic effect
D) Age-related decrease in renal function

Question 5

The Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System is:

A) A mandatory reporting system for all health-care providers when they encounter an adverse vaccine event
B) A voluntary reporting system that health-care providers or consumers may use to report vaccine adverse events
C) Utilized to send out safety alerts regarding emerging vaccine safety issues
D) Activated when a vaccine has been proven to cause significant adverse effects

Question 6

An example of a first-dose reaction that may occur includes:

A) Orthostatic hypotension that does not occur with repeated doses
B) Purple glove syndrome with phenytoin use
C) Hemolytic anemia from ceftriaxone use
D) Contact dermatitis from neomycin use

Question 7

Sarah developed a rash after using a topical medication. This is a type __ allergic drug reaction.

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 8

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration MedWatch system is activated when:

A) There is an adverse event to a vaccine.
B) The patient has a severe reaction that is noted in the "Severe Reaction" section in the medication label.
C) A lactating woman takes a medication that is potentially toxic to the breastfeeding infant.
D) An adverse event or serious problem occurs with a medication that is not already identified on the label.

Question 9

A patient may develop neutropenia from using topical Silvadene for burns. Neutropenia is a(n):

A) Cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction
B) Immune complex hypersensitivity
C) Immediate hypersensitivity reaction
D) Delayed hypersensitivity reaction

Question 10

Infants and young children are at higher risk of ADRs due to:

A) Immature renal function in school-age children
B) Lack of safety and efficacy studies in the pediatric population
C) Children's skin being thicker than adults, requiring higher dosages of topical medication
D) Infant boys having a higher proportion of muscle mass, leading to a higher volume of distribution

Question 11

Which of the following patients would be at higher risk of experiencing adverse drug reactions (ADRs):

A) A 32-year-old male
B) A 22-year-old female
C) A 3-month-old female
D) A 48-year-old male

Question 12

A 24-year-old male received multiple fractures in a motor vehicle accident that required significant amounts of opioid medication to treat his pain. He is at risk for a _____ adverse drug reaction when he no longer requires the opioids.

A) Rapid
B) First-dose
C) Late
D) Delayed

Question 13

Drugs that are prone to cause adverse drug effects include:

A) Diuretics
B) Inhaled anticholinergics
C) Insulins
D) Stimulants

Question 14

Anaphylactic shock is a:

A) Type I reaction, called immediate hypersensitivity reaction
B) Type II reaction, called cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction
C) Type III allergic reaction, called immune complex hypersensitivity
D) Type IV allergic reaction, called delayed hypersensitivity reaction