Deck 29: Genetics and Human Inheritance

Question 1

When one gene causes multiple effects, the condition is called ________.

A) incomplete dominance
B) multiple alleles
C) codominance
D) pleiotropy

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In which condition are both alleles expressed in the heterozygous phenotype?

A) pleiotropy
B) codominance
C) epistasis
D) complete dominance

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Carol has tested positive for phenylketonuria, or PKU, so let's help plan her diet when she gets to school. Which of the following foods should she be most careful about?

A) beans
B) tomatoes
C) meat
D) potatoes

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Albinism is an example of ________.

A) a dominant disease
B) an autosomal recessive disease
C) a sex-linked disease
D) a polygenic disease

Question 5

Which genetic condition can be described as the inheritance of the heterozygous phenotype, which is expressed as an intermediate between the dominant and recessive alleles?

A) dominance
B) codominance
C) incomplete dominance
D) epistasis

Question 6

If two chromosomes have the same genes for the same trait, they are said to be ________.

A) autosomal
B) polypeptides
C) homologues
D) traits

Question 7

Specific segments of DNA that are the functional units of inheritance are called ________.

A) chromosomes
B) genes
C) chromatids
D) telomeres

Question 8

If your parents are heterozygous for a gene, what is the chance that you will have at least one copy of it?

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%

Question 9

A pedigree is useful because it ________.

A) shows the genotype of a particular individual
B) can help predict the chances of an offspring displaying a particular trait
C) shows the phenotype of one individual
D) can look at multiple traits at one time

Question 10

Which of the following is a condition caused by a sex-linked inheritance in which a male child will bleed extensively because he lacks the physiological properties to form a blood clot?

A) color blindness
B) male-pattern baldness
C) hemophilia
D) sickle-cell disease

Question 11

Thalassemia is a very serious disorder that affects hemoglobin. It is caused by an autosomal recessive gene. If both a woman and a man are carriers, then what is the chance that they will have a child with the disease?

A) 100%
B) 75%
C) 50%
D) 25%

Question 12

If the two parents are each heterozygous for widow's peak and having freckles, what is the chance that any of their children will have the same phenotype?

A) 9/16
B) 3/16
C) 1/2
D) 1/16

Question 13

A cardiac researcher is trying to determine whether a pattern of very high blood cholesterol is genetic in a group of Pennsylvania Dutch. Therefore, the scientist looks through years of medical records plus patterns of marriage through several generations. The investigator is doing a type of hereditary research called ________.

A) back crossing
B) pedigree analysis
C) linkage mapping
D) title searching

Question 14

Adel has freckles, autosomal dominant. What is her genotype?

A) FF
B) Ff
C) ff
D) Can't say for certain; it could be FF or Ff.

Question 15

Albinism is due to the inability to make ________.

A) tyrosine
B) melanin
C) hair
D) collagen

Question 16

Emery had no freckles. His wife, Marguerite, was clearly freckled but known to be heterozygous for the gene. Predict the chance that any one of their children will have freckles.

A) 100%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%

Question 17

Someone who is heterozygous for a recessive genetic illness is said to be ________.

A) a carrier
B) pleiotropic
C) epistatic
D) allelic

Question 18

Mary died suddenly of an aortic aneurysm (the sudden bursting of one of the body's largest blood vessels). Which of the following conditions should her children worry most about?

A) hemophilia
B) Turner syndrome
C) Marfan syndrome
D) albinism

Question 19

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is partly hereditary and, if uncontrolled, can lead to kidney disease and heart failure and an increased risk of stroke and blindness. From this information alone, you could say that DM2 is an example of ________.

A) pleiotropy
B) epistasis
C) codominance
D) polygenes

Question 20

Paul was an orphan found wandering a city street when he was 2 years old. At age 52, he began to experience muscle spasms and was having difficulty walking. Which of the following genetic disorders is most probable?

A) PKU
B) CF
C) Huntington's disease
D) Marfan syndrome

Question 21

A genetic cross between two individuals who are heterozygous for two traits of interest is called a(n) ________.

Question 22

In a family, both parents have freckles and widow's peak. Both of these traits are dominant: F = freckles, W = widow's peak. What is the correct phenotypic ratio of the next generation if the parents were heterozygous? The order of the genotypes is: freckled with widow's peak; freckled, straight hairline; no freckles with widow's peak; no freckles, straight hairline.

A) 9:3:1:1
B) 9:3:3:1
C) 9:1:1:3
D) 1:3:3:9

Question 23

Individuals who carry different alleles for a given gene are considered ________ for those alleles.

Question 24

PKU is a hereditary condition that appears only if a person has two copies of the gene. Therefore, the gene is ________.

Question 25

A genetic condition in which abnormal hemoglobin forms, red blood cells become crescent shaped, and cells get stuck together is called ________.

Question 26

Babies were accidentally switched at the hospital! Mr. and Mrs. Fire both have type O blood. Which of the following four babies of the same age is most likely the Fire child?

A) baby with type A
B) baby with type B
C) baby with type AB
D) baby with type O

Question 27

The gene for Tay-Sachs disease codes for a nonfunctional form of the enzyme hexosaminidase A (or Hex
A) codominant

A)) It has been found that a person with only one-third the maximum amount of Hex A can function absolutely normally. Please characterize the heredity of Tay-Sachs disease.
B) recessive
C) dominant
D) multiple allelic

Question 28

An individual with the genotype AaBbCC will produce gametes with which possible assortment of genes?

A) A,B,a,b, or C
B) Aa, Bb, or Cc
C) ABC, AbC, aBC, or abC
D) AaBbCC

Question 29

________ are genes that exist in more than two allelic forms. The genes responsible for the human ABO blood types are an example of this phenomenon.

Question 30

A(n) ________ is someone who displays the dominant phenotype but who is heterozygous for a trait and can, therefore, pass the recessive allele to descendants.

Question 31

The ability of one gene to have multiple effects on two or more aspects of the phenotype is referred to as ________.

Question 32

In a family, both parents have freckles and widow's peak. Both of these traits are dominant: F = freckles, W = widow's peak. They have a child who has no widow's peak and no freckles. Which one is a possible dihybrid genotype of the child?

A) FfWw
B) ffWw
C) ffww
D) FFww

Question 33

Favism is a disease in which a person cannot tolerate a certain type of bean. It is caused by an X-linked, recessive gene. If Joe has it, which statement would be true?

A) All his sons will have it.
B) His daughters will carry it.
C) Joe's father had it.
D) Half of Joe's sons will have it.

Question 34

An autosomal recessive disorder in which a young person produces thick mucus and excessively salty sweat and has serious respiratory problems is ________.

Question 35

The presence of the ________ chromosome means that a person will probably appear to be male.

Question 36

Often in complete dominance, the recessive allele codes for a nonfunctional ________.

Question 37

If Hani has type A blood and his mother has type B blood, which of the following is the most likely genotype of Hani's father?

A) IBIB
B) IBi
C) ii
D) IAIA

Question 38

A cross involving one gene between two heterozygous parents is called a(n) ________.

Question 39

The principle that states that different homologous chromosomes travel randomly to different ends of the cell is ________.

Question 40

A(n) ________ directs the making of a protein.

Question 41

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A) Codominance
B) Duplication
C) Incomplete dominance
D) Heterozygous
E) Pedigree
F) Phenotype
G) Gene
H) Deletion
I) Autosomes
J) Linkage
A situation in which both alleles for a certain trait produce functional proteins.

Question 42

Henry has the sickle-cell trait. Why might it be a bad idea for him to go on that hiking vacation that is being planned for the high Andes?

Question 43

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A) Codominance
B) Duplication
C) Incomplete dominance
D) Heterozygous
E) Pedigree
F) Phenotype
G) Gene
H) Deletion
I) Autosomes
J) Linkage
People with dark hair usually also inherit dark eyes. Why is this usually the case?

Question 44

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A) Codominance
B) Duplication
C) Incomplete dominance
D) Heterozygous
E) Pedigree
F) Phenotype
G) Gene
H) Deletion
I) Autosomes
J) Linkage
A chart showing the genetic connections among individuals in a family.

Question 45

What are the advantages and disadvantages of chronic villus sampling (CVS) in comparison to amniocentesis? Why would one conduct CVS or amniocentesis following one of the non-invasive blood tests done on the mother?

Question 46

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A) Codominance
B) Duplication
C) Incomplete dominance
D) Heterozygous
E) Pedigree
F) Phenotype
G) Gene
H) Deletion
I) Autosomes
J) Linkage
The observable physical traits of an individual.

Question 47

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A) Codominance
B) Duplication
C) Incomplete dominance
D) Heterozygous
E) Pedigree
F) Phenotype
G) Gene
H) Deletion
I) Autosomes
J) Linkage
A condition in which someone has different alleles for the same gene.

Question 48

What are the ethical and legal issues involved with gene testing?

Question 49

________ traits involve the expression of certain autosomal genes that are not located on the sex chromosomes but that are powerfully influenced by the presence of sex hormones, so that the expression of these genes differs between males and females.

Question 50

If two genes are on the same chromosomes and we look at a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous parents, will we see a pattern of 9:3:3:1? Why or why not?

Question 51

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A) Codominance
B) Duplication
C) Incomplete dominance
D) Heterozygous
E) Pedigree
F) Phenotype
G) Gene
H) Deletion
I) Autosomes
J) Linkage
A segment on a chromosome that directs the synthesis of a specific polypeptide or protein, which may play either a structural or functional role in the cell.

Question 52

Hakeem, given up for adoption as an infant, has red-green color blindness. Is this fact useful in helping him to track down his biological father? Explain.

Question 53

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A) Codominance
B) Duplication
C) Incomplete dominance
D) Heterozygous
E) Pedigree
F) Phenotype
G) Gene
H) Deletion
I) Autosomes
J) Linkage
The cause of cri-du-chat syndrome.

Question 54

Duffy factor is due to a chemical that occurs on the membranes of red blood cells and is sometimes used as a blood-typing attribute in the same way that ABO and Rh factor blood types are used. Recent research has found that people with Duffy factor are about 40% less likely to be infected with HIV, given similar circumstances. Given that HIV affects white blood cells, how would you characterize the Duffy factor gene, and why?

Question 55

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A) Codominance
B) Duplication
C) Incomplete dominance
D) Heterozygous
E) Pedigree
F) Phenotype
G) Gene
H) Deletion
I) Autosomes
J) Linkage
The alteration of a chromosome that involves the addition of a piece of chromosome.

Question 56

What are the differences between complete dominance and codominance?

Question 57

Why are pedigrees useful to track genetic disorders?

Question 58

Why is Duchenne muscular dystrophy less common in females than males?

Question 59

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A) Codominance
B) Duplication
C) Incomplete dominance
D) Heterozygous
E) Pedigree
F) Phenotype
G) Gene
H) Deletion
I) Autosomes
J) Linkage
This is what chromosomes other than X and Y are called.

Question 60

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A) Codominance
B) Duplication
C) Incomplete dominance
D) Heterozygous
E) Pedigree
F) Phenotype
G) Gene
H) Deletion
I) Autosomes
J) Linkage
The expression of the trait in heterozygous individuals is somewhere between the expression of the trait in the homozygous recessive and homozygous dominant individual.

Question 61

Why might some women bodybuilders who are taking illegal steroids (testosterone-like compounds) be in greater danger of going bald than other women?

Question 62

Gene testing allows the parents to learn more about their child in the prenatal period. However, there are genetic disorders, such as Huntington's disease, that show no phenotypic signs until age 35. This disease is caused by a dominant allele, resulting in degeneration of the brain, muscle spasms, and death within a decade or two. Because it is caused by a dominant allele, 50% of the offspring will carry the disease. If you knew that someone in your family had Huntington's disease, would you get tested early on, before you start a family and have your own children? Would you rather not know your fate, even if it means that you may pass the dominant allele of this disease to your offspring? (Note: Before being tested, a person usually undergoes a battery of psychological tests to make sure that he or she is emotionally stable enough to deal with knowing that he or she will develop the disease and that there is no cure.)

Question 63

Duplication can be advantageous for evolution. While the correctly functioning DNA segment remains intact, duplication provides new copies of genes that can be altered to new functions. Unfortunately, duplication can also result in human genetic disorders. Please provide an example of a human genetic disorder that occurs when certain DNA sequences are duplicated.