Deck 23: Reproductive Systems

Question 1

The structure that is shared between the male reproductive and urinary systems is the ________.

A) prostate gland
B) seminal vesicles
C) urethra
D) seminiferous tubules

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The correct sequence for sperm movement is from the epididymis to the ________ to the urethra.

A) vas deferens
B) rete testes
C) seminiferous tubules
D) ureter

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Because of its function, this hormone is often called interstitial cell-stimulating hormone.

A) GnRH
B) LH
C) FSH
D) inhibin

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A fertility doctor is trying to determine why a couple is infertile. It has been determined that the woman is fertile, so the problem must be with her partner. In analyzing the partner's semen, the doctor notices that it seems to be lacking fructose. The structure malfunctioning must be the ________.

A) bulbourethral glands
B) prostate gland
C) seminal vesicles
D) urethra

Question 5

A structure covered by the anterior labia minora that contains many nerve endings and functions in sexual arousal in females is called the ________.

A) uterus
B) vagina
C) clitoris
D) cervix

Question 6

If you wanted to decrease sperm production, which of the following hormones would be most effective?

A) inhibin
B) FSH
C) GnRH
D) TSH

Question 7

The tubes that extend from the uterus and function to transport the immature egg from the ovary to the uterus are known as ________.

A) vas deferens
B) cervix
C) oviducts
D) seminiferous tubules

Question 8

Which hormone in men could be manipulated to eliminate sperm production without producing problems with the maintenance of secondary sex characteristics?

A) gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
B) testosterone
C) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
D) luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 9

When sperm enter the epididymis, they ________.

A) are mature
B) are incapable of moving on their own
C) are ready to fertilize an egg
D) come from the vas deferens

Question 10

Sperm are formed originally in the ________.

A) vas deferens
B) bulbourethral glands
C) prostate gland
D) seminiferous tubules

Question 11

How many chromosomes are provided to a zygote from each gamete?

A) 23
B) 46
C) 46 pairs
D) none of the above

Question 12

Alterations to the positioning of the testes in males serve the purpose of ________.

A) allowing more room for the urethra
B) adjusting the temperature needed for production of healthy sperm
C) allowing glands to release their contents
D) allowing for an erection to occur

Question 13

The sperm structure that helps penetrate the egg cell is the ________.

A) midpiece
B) tail
C) ATP
D) acrosome

Question 14

Glands that produce secretions just before ejaculation that may function to lubricate or rinse urine from the urethra are called ________.

A) prostate
B) vas deferens
C) bulbourethral
D) endometrium

Question 15

The midpiece of the mature sperm contains mitochondria that provide metabolic energy for the trip to the egg. Fructose (simple sugar) is used as fuel by the sperm. From where is this fructose secreted?

A) prostate gland
B) seminal vesicles
C) bulbourethral gland
D) acrosome

Question 16

Which of the following signals the end of the reproductive period in females?

A) menopause
B) endometriosis
C) ovulation
D) follicle formation

Question 17

Which of these can be described as the release of the oocyte from an ovary?

A) menstruation
B) ovulation
C) implantation
D) fertilization

Question 18

Without the ________, the semen would not naturally be able to counteract the acidity of the vagina.

A) glans penis
B) prostate
C) seminal vesicles
D) interstitial cells

Question 19

A male has been tested, and his sperm seem to be normal. They are motile and seem to be surviving for the appropriate amount of time. However, the sperm don't seem to be able to fertilize an egg. What part of the sperm is most likely to be malfunctioning?

A) the tail
B) the head
C) the midpiece
D) the acrosome

Question 20

If a woman were exposed to a chemical that caused the cilia in her reproductive system to stop moving, what specifically is likely to happen?

A) She would no longer be able to ovulate, and early menopause would occur.
B) Ova could no longer pass through oviducts.
C) Spontaneous abortions would occur.
D) She would have many ovarian cysts.

Question 21

The semen from a man who has had a vasectomy would include each of the following except ________.

A) sperm
B) secretions from the prostate gland
C) secretions from the bulbourethral glands
D) secretions from the seminal vesicles

Question 22

During a normal female reproductive cycle, the hormone produced only after ovulation is ________, made by the ________.

A) progesterone; corpus luteum
B) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); anterior pituitary
C) gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); hypothalamus
D) luteinizing hormone (LH); anterior pituitary

Question 23

The function of the ________ is sperm storage and maturation in males.

Question 24

Which sterilization technique involves cutting the vas deferens on each side to prevent sperm from leaving the body?

A) hysterectomy
B) tubal ligation
C) vasectomy
D) testicular deactivation

Question 25

A pregnant woman (first trimester) is concerned that she has been exposed to a chemical that blocks estrogen and progesterone receptors so that the body does not recognize these hormones. What is the most important reason she should be worried about this?

A) GnRH may be inhibited.
B) Luteinizing hormone (LH) may cause the release of another egg.
C) Ovulation might occur.
D) Menstruation may occur, thus causing the embryo or early fetus to be lost.

Question 26

The ________ are the tubular structures that occur between the ovaries and the uterus.

Question 27

The external genitalia of a woman refer to the reproductive structures that lie outside the opening to the vagina. They are also known as the ________.

Question 28

Women taking birth control pills are more likely to have ________.

A) babies
B) decreased blood pressure
C) increased STDs
D) fewer abnormal blood clots

Question 29

What do the cells that form the outer sphere of the mature Graafian follicle become once luteinizing hormone transforms the cells?

A) ovum
B) follicle
C) corpus luteum
D) first polar body

Question 30

As men age, the prostate may enlarge but not become cancerous. This enlarged prostate may result in ________.

A) sterility
B) difficulty with urination
C) impotence
D) constipation

Question 31

When a female has low levels of estrogen and progesterone, ________.

A) she is ovulating
B) her uterus is ready to accept an embryo
C) she is pregnant
D) she is menstruating

Question 32

Which of the following is most likely to stop sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)?

A) IUD
B) diaphragm
C) tubal ligation
D) latex condom

Question 33

Within the uterus, the layer of tissue where an embryo should implant is the ________.

Question 34

The functions of the corpus luteum include all of the following except ________.

A) maintenance of the endometrium
B) secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
C) secretion of progesterone
D) secretion of estrogen

Question 35

Prostaglandins are thought to cause ________.

A) PID
B) menstrual cramps
C) vaginitis
D) endometriosis

Question 36

Which of the following hormones is not involved in the male reproductive system?

A) FSH
B) LH
C) testosterone
D) progesterone

Question 37

Which of the following statements is false?

A) Females enter menopause when their follicles become overly responsive to LH and FSH.
B) The pH of the vagina is acidic to deter microbial growth.
C) Females are born with more primary follicles than they have at puberty.
D) In oogenesis, meiosis is completed only if fertilization occurs.

Question 38

Which of the following is related to an increase in the chance of breast cancer?

A) early menopause
B) pregnancy
C) early first menstruation
D) breast-feeding

Question 39

A 25-year-old woman has just had the Implanon or Nexplanon system inserted for contraception. Six months later, she is concerned because she is not menstruating. This is ________, and the reason is that she has an increased level of ________.

A) abnormal; luteinizing hormone (LH)
B) normal; progesterone
C) normal; estrogen
D) abnormal; follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 40

During which stage of the sexual response cycle do the tissues of the sex organs begin to show increased blood flow and swelling?

A) orgasm
B) excitement
C) resolution
D) plateau

Question 41

An experimental male birth control method has been developed that inhibits gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Does this drug have the ability to prevent sperm production? Justify your answer. Indicate any potential side effects that might be of concern to a man using this method.

Question 42

Using fertility awareness as a means of birth control requires a detailed understanding of the female reproductive cycle. Given what you know about the cycle, when exactly should a woman avoid sex to prevent pregnancy if she is relying on fertility awareness? Make sure to explain your answer. What are the challenges to this method of birth control?

Question 43

What are the main differences in the formation of the egg and sperm in males and females?

Question 44

Speculate as to why the success rate of treatment is much higher for testicular and prostate cancers than for ovarian cancer.

Question 45

The hormones FSH and LH are produced by the ________.

Question 46

The ________ is a cylindrical organ whose role in reproduction is to deliver the sperm to the female reproductive system.

Question 47

The anterior pituitary gland secretes ________. In men, this hormone causes the cells that will become sperm to be more sensitive to the effects of testosterone.

Question 48

In the female, the ________ secretes both estrogen and progesterone, and if fertilization does not occur, this structure degenerates.

Question 49

The ________ is a gland that often enlarges as a man ages, potentially causing problems with urination.

Question 50

After a fertility analysis, it is determined that the semen a man produces has the appropriate number of functional sperm cells, yet he is still having problems with his fertility. This indicates that something other than the sperm is causing the problem. List one potential structure that could be causing the problem and what the problem would be.

Question 51

________ is the hormone that stimulates the production of testosterone by the interstitial cells of the testis.

Question 52

Assume that a woman has a "normal" 28-day reproductive cycle. She is concerned about the times in which she may get pregnant. Her partner tells her that the only day she has to worry about in terms of getting pregnant is the day she ovulates. Explain to her why this is not the case.

Question 53

The ________ is the tube that conducts sperm from the epididymis to the urethra.

Question 54

Sam was pretty self-destructive: He drank alcohol heavily and smoked marijuana and tobacco frequently. He would steal sedatives from the medicine cabinets of his friends and family for his own pleasure, too. What reproductive system problem is he more likely to have than other men of the same age? What can Sam possibly do about that situation?

Question 55

The organs that produce the gametes (egg or sperm) are called ________.

Question 56

Cells that are located between the seminiferous tubules of the testis and whose function is to produce androgens are called ________.

Question 57

The ________ is a part of the sperm that contains enzymes that spill out from the sperm and digest through the layers surrounding the secondary oocyte to allow fertilization.

Question 58

The secretions of the ________ contain fructose and prostaglandins.

Question 59

________ is a hormone produced by the seminiferous tubules that inhibits FSH from stimulating the production of sperm cells.

Question 60

Describe the "path" of a sperm cell from its production until it leaves the male body.

Question 61

The following table compares various methods of hormonal birth control for women. Fill in each blank with the appropriate information.
In general, how do all these methods work to prevent pregnancy? Be detailed, and include all the relevant hormones.