Deck 19: The Respiratory System

Question 1

Which of the following is a thin-walled, rounded chamber surrounded by a vast network of capillaries?

A) surfactant
B) alveolus
C) diaphragm
D) glottis

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is a significant function of the nose?

A) conditioning of inhaled air
B) gas exchange
C) equilibrium
D) carbonic anhydrase activity

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Giovanni is resting peacefully after a long day of hard work. Assuming he is otherwise healthy, what would be the volume of his ventilations?

A) 500 ml
B) 1900 to 3300 ml
C) 4500 to 6000 ml
D) 1100 to 1200 ml

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The process in which the intercostal muscles contract, pulling the rib cage upward and outward and causing the lungs to inflate, is called ________.

A) inspiration
B) expiration
C) exhalation
D) deflation

Question 5

Sometimes premature babies suffer from respiratory distress syndrome. What substance would you administer in a breathing tube to the infant?

A) antibiotics
B) anti-inflammatory drugs
C) surfactant
D) hydrocortisone

Question 6

The maximum amount of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs during forceful breathing is called ________.

A) tidal volume
B) residual volume
C) vital capacity
D) total lung capacity

Question 7

The organ(s) of the respiratory system that contain alveoli is (are) ________.

A) bronchioles
B) bronchi
C) the glottis
D) lungs

Question 8

People who fight forest fires for a living might have trouble blowing out the candles on their birthday cake because their ________ is reduced.

A) tidal volume
B) expiratory reserve volume
C) residual volume
D) vision

Question 9

The amount of air that remains in the lungs after the person exhales as much air as possible is called the ________.

A) vital capacity
B) expiration
C) residual volume
D) tidal volume

Question 10

When a person has laryngitis, he or she cannot speak. What must happen to permit normal speech?

A) Inflammation in the bronchioles has to go down before enough air can enter the lungs.
B) The swelling of the vocal cords must decrease so they can vibrate normally.
C) Inflammation in the trachea has to go down before enough air can enter the lungs.
D) The epiglottis must cover the glottis.

Question 11

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the lungs is called ________.

A) inspiration
B) external respiration
C) exhalation
D) internal respiration

Question 12

What would happen if the trachea did not have cartilaginous rings?

A) Incoming air would not undergo filtration.
B) Incoming air would not be humidified.
C) Sense of smell would be lost, and food would taste funny.
D) The trachea would collapse.

Question 13

Phospholipid molecules that prevent the alveoli from collapsing are known as ________.

A) laryngitis
B) surfactant
C) mucus
D) plasma

Question 14

Gloria was enjoying a soft drink but started to choke because this structure did not cover the opening in the larynx through which air passes.

A) larynx
B) glottis
C) pharynx
D) epiglottis

Question 15

Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the sinuses is called ________.

A) asthma
B) sinusitis
C) respiratory distress syndrome
D) laryngitis

Question 16

The amount of air inhaled or exhaled during a normal breath is ________.

A) vital capacity
B) residual volume
C) tidal volume
D) total lung capacity

Question 17

You are at a restaurant, and a man starts to choke on a piece of steak. What must be done?

A) Heimlich maneuver
B) coughing
C) a hiccup
D) swallowing again

Question 18

Cockroach feces and shed skins can cause a severe inflammatory response in the bronchioles and muscle spasms in the bronchiole smooth muscles. This disorder is known as ________.

A) laryngitis
B) emphysema
C) asthma
D) TB

Question 19

Which enzyme speeds up the formation of carbonic acid from carbon dioxide and water?

A) cyclo-oxygenase
B) hydrogenase
C) carboxylase
D) carbonic anhydrase

Question 20

Many people, when they have a sinus headache, often use decongestant nasal sprays. Why are such sprays useful?

A) They reduce swelling, allowing the sinuses to drain.
B) They reduce the symptoms of sore throat inflammation, which exacerbates the pain.
C) They dry out the breathing passageways in the pharynx, making it easier to breathe.
D) They have a pain-blocking effect in the brain.

Question 21

A man is standing in line behind you, and you notice that he is coughing up bloody phlegm. He seems underweight and fatigued. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis given the information in this chapter?

A) a cold
B) asthma
C) tuberculosis
D) heart disease

Question 22

The ________ is the space behind the nose and the mouth, which most people call the throat.

Question 23

Gene has a sore throat with a 101°F fever, coated tonsils, and swollen glands. He should really see a doctor because the bacteria may eventually cause ________ within his body.

A) disease of the heart valves associated with rheumatic fever
B) asthma
C) emphysema
D) mesothelioma

Question 24

The condition in which walls of the alveoli break down, thereby creating fewer and larger chambers, is called ________.

A) bronchitis
B) emphysema
C) TB
D) influenza

Question 25

Influenza infections themselves are usually more annoying than deadly, but the flu can be accompanied by which of the following more serious secondary infections?

A) ear infections
B) pneumonia
C) bronchitis
D) All of the above could be caused by a secondary infection after the flu.

Question 26

Of the two lungs, the one on the left is usually smaller than the one on the right. This provides space for the ________.

Question 27

The term ________ is used to describe moving oxygen-rich air into the lungs and carbon dioxide-laden air away from the lungs.

Question 28

The opening of the larynx is called the ________. It is covered by the epiglottis, which prevents food or objects from blocking the airway.

Question 29

The ________ is a thin portion of cartilage and bone that divides the inside of the nose.

Question 30

During exercise, O2 is depleted in muscle tissue. What effect would this have on internal respiration?

A) There would be increased diffusion of O2 out of the blood and into the muscle tissue.
B) There would be decreased diffusion of O2 out of the blood and into the muscle tissue.
C) There would be increased diffusion of O2 out of the blood and into the lungs.
D) There would be decreased diffusion of O2 out of the blood and into the muscle tissue and a decrease in heart rate to bring more O2 to the exercising muscle.

Question 31

The voice-producing structure located in the throat is known as the ________.

Question 32

The pitch of the voice depends on the tension of the ________.

Question 33

The ________ connects the larynx with the bronchi.

Question 34

________ are tiny chambers within the lungs that allow for gas exchange.

Question 35

A sharp blow to the stomach can "knock the wind out of you." This temporarily paralyzes the diaphragm, making it hard to breathe. Aside from a lack of oxygen making you pass out, what effect would this have on blood pH?

A) O2 would build up in the blood, making it more basic.
B) CO2 would build up in the blood, making it more basic.
C) O2 would build up in the blood, making it more acidic.
D) CO2 would build up in the blood, making it more acidic.

Question 36

A person with this lung disease experiences a loss of elastic tissue, which makes it hard to exhale.

A) pneumonia
B) tuberculosis
C) emphysema
D) influenza

Question 37

Two large, open spaces called the ________ contain three convoluted shelflike bones that increase the surface area for conditioning inhaled air.

Question 38

When a person is exercising, CO2 builds up in the blood. What effect would this have on external respiration?

A) There would be increased diffusion of CO2 out of the blood and into the lungs and increased ventilation to move it out of the body.
B) There would be decreased diffusion of CO2 out of the blood and into the lungs and increased ventilation to move it out of the body.
C) There would be increased diffusion of CO2 out of the blood and into the lungs and decreased ventilation to move it out of the body.
D) There would be decreased diffusion of CO2 out of the blood and into the lungs and decreased ventilation to move it out of the body.

Question 39

A rise in the blood concentration of hydrogen ions will make the blood more acidic and cause a(n) ________ to restore homeostasis.

A) increased vagus nerve impulse
B) relaxation of the diaphragm
C) increased breathing rate
D) decreased breathing rate

Question 40

This is a name for a group of conditions that make it difficult to breathe. This group of conditions is most commonly caused by smoking.

A) influenza
B) tuberculosis
C) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
D) asthma

Question 41

The ________ is a viral respiratory disease that is preventable by a yearly vaccination.

Question 42

Some people breathe primarily through their mouth rather than their nose. Why is this practice a bad idea?

Question 43

Luz, a woman with a history of asthma, walked by a house and noticed that smoke was pouring out of the basement. Evidently, any smoke detector was either absent or not working because nobody in the home was reacting to the emergency. Luz banged on the front door and threw it open, screaming that there was a fire. The family immediately rushed out, but upon reaching the safety of the front lawn, one of the children said the cat was trapped inside. Luz dashed into the now smoke-filled structure, searched around, found the cat, and emerged with the frightened but safe creature. According to the chapter, what short- and long-term problems will Luz most likely have?

Question 44

The ________ is the total volume of air contained in the lungs after the deepest possible inhalation and the lungs are totally filled.

Question 45

The ________ are muscles of the rib cage that contract and therefore increase the size of the thoracic cavity during inhalation.

Question 46

Tuberculosis (TB) is a reemerging disease that is increasing in the United States because of an increase in the number of immunocompromised patients, such as those with AIDS. Name two factors that make this illness particularly troublesome to track and treat.

Question 47

________ is an inherited disorder of the lungs. A genetic mutation causes the lungs to produce a thick mucous that clogs air passages.

Question 48

Exercise can trigger an asthma attack. This is especially true if someone goes for a long run on a cold morning. The two main causes of narrowing of the bronchiole passageways can be treated with drugs that act in different ways. What are the two causes of this narrowing, and how can drugs work to counteract these conditions?

Question 49

Why is the tuberculosis bacterium so hard to treat and destroy in the body?

Question 50

Olney was born 2 months premature. According to this chapter, what respiratory problem is he most likely to have, and what can be done to correct it?

Question 51

What are some of the hazards of smoking? What methods might society employ to try to reduce the number of people exposed to secondhand smoke?

Question 52

Most carbon dioxide is transported in the blood plasma in the form of ________.

Question 53

The breathing center is located in the ________ of the brain and is responsible for the basic breathing rhythm.

Question 54

Why is it not advisable to take antibacterial medicines when you have a cold or the flu?

Question 55

In a severe allergic reaction, a person's tongue can swell up, effectively blocking the air passageways. An emergency procedure can be performed to restore airflow. Basically, a hole is cut into the passageways below the blockage to allow air to flow into the lungs. What passageway would be best for the surgical hole?

Question 56

When oxygen is bound to a hemoglobin molecule in the red blood cells, it forms a new molecule called ________.