Deck 15: The Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Question 1

A certain infectious disease can cause swellings on the aortic semilunar valve. The valve will then fail to close properly, resulting in ________.

A) atherosclerosis
B) backflow
C) aneurysm
D) varicose veins

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following characterizes blood flow through capillaries?

A) enormous total cross-sectional area, but narrow so that blood cells pass slowly
B) enormous total cross-sectional area, but wide so that blood cells pass quickly
C) small total cross-sectional area, so blood flows slowly
D) small total cross-sectional area, so blood flows rapidly

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Breathing helps move blood from lower parts of the body toward the heart by which of the following mechanisms?

A) Inhalation increases the size of the thoracic cavity, which reduces pressure and draws blood toward the heart.
B) Inhalation decreases pressure in the abdominal cavity, which opens veins and pushes blood toward the heart.
C) Breathing does not help return blood to the heart.
D) Inhalation increases the size of the thoracic cavity and increases pressure in the abdominal cavity.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The cardiac muscle tissue is called the ________.

A) pericardium
B) myocardium
C) endocardium
D) coronary chamber

Question 5

Which of these are the smallest of veins that form when capillaries merge?

A) venules
B) arteries
C) arterioles
D) veins

Question 6

A child is born with a hole in his heart between the left and right ventricles. This condition must be immediately corrected with surgery because the hole ________.

A) will cause the flow of blood to reverse in the heart
B) will allow blood to leak out of the heart and the child could bleed to death
C) will cause blood to flow in the reverse direction back into veins instead of the arteries
D) allows mixing of both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, which reduces oxygen delivery to tissues

Question 7

These vessels take the blood back most directly to the heart.

A) arteries
B) venules
C) veins
D) arterioles

Question 8

Which of the following is (are) found in many veins that help direct blood flow in one direction only: toward the heart?

A) valves
B) lymph nodes
C) myocardium
D) pericardium

Question 9

When these valves open, blood goes from the atria to the ventricles.

A) AV node
B) SA node
C) SL valves
D) AV valves

Question 10

Gee's arm was cut during an industrial accident. The blood was pouring from the wound in spurts. Which type of vessel was severed?

A) artery
B) vein
C) capillary
D) lymphatic vessel

Question 11

The coronary arteries supply blood to cardiac tissue. Which chamber of the heart requires the greatest amount of blood supply to keep it working?

A) right ventricle
B) left ventricle
C) left atrium
D) right atrium

Question 12

Blood vessels that serve as gateways to capillary beds are ________.

A) venules
B) arteries
C) arterioles
D) veins

Question 13

An aneurysm is a weakening of the walls of a blood vessel. Which of the following blood vessels would be most likely to break open if an aneurysm is present?

A) capillary
B) lymph duct
C) artery
D) venule

Question 14

What structures regulate blood flow into capillary beds?

A) precapillary sphincters
B) venous valves
C) postcapillary sphincters
D) Peyer's patches

Question 15

An infection of the thin layer of tissue around the inner cavities of the heart itself would affect the ________.

A) pericardium
B) endocardium
C) myocardium
D) sinoatrial node

Question 16

James misspoke at the banquet last night and became embarrassed. His face looked red because the facial arteries and arteriole muscles relaxed. These arteries and arterioles were ________.

A) constricted
B) dilated
C) clogged
D) burst

Question 17

Which sequence is correct?

A) right ventricle > aorta > renal vein
B) left ventricle > aorta > coronary artery
C) left atrium > superior vena cava > renal artery
D) right atrium > superior vena cava > coronary artery

Question 18

Sam suffered a stroke in which one of the main branches of this vessel going to the brain was blocked.

A) coronary artery
B) jugular vein
C) carotid artery
D) renal vein

Question 19

Which of the following causes blood to move through veins?

A) vasodilation
B) contraction of smooth muscle
C) contraction of skeletal muscle
D) blood pressure

Question 20

Why would someone need to have an artificial pacemaker installed in his or her heart tissue?

A) The heart valves are not directing blood flow through the chambers properly.
B) The AV node is not sending signals to the ventricles.
C) The SA node is not functioning properly to generate action potential at the proper intervals.
D) The Purkinje fibers are not distributing the signal properly.

Question 21

A(n) ________ is a recording of the electrical activities of the heart.

Question 22

The cardiovascular system consists of the ________ and ________.

Question 23

If the connective tissue in the ventricles, called ________, gives way, blood may go backward through the AV valves.

Question 24

Which of these is the most correct sequence of signals?

A) SA node > Purkinje fibers > AV node > AV bundle > walls of the ventricle
B) SA node > AV bundle > AV node > ST segment > Purkinje fibers
C) SA node > AV bundle > AV node > ST segment
D) SA node > AV node > AV bundle > Purkinje fibers > walls of the ventricle

Question 25

Cardiac muscle cells connect to each other at special junctions called ________ disks.

Question 26

The tempo of the heartbeat is set by a cluster of specialized cardiac muscle cells called the ________.

Question 27

A physician has a patient with an abnormal heart sound. After running some tests, the doctor decides that the patient has a heart murmur, but the condition is not severe enough to warrant open-heart surgery. Which of the following would lead the doctor to make this determination?

A) The amount of blood flowing backward in the heart is not enough to strain the heart as it works harder to catch up.
B) The heart sounds are due to air moving through the system and cannot be removed via surgical techniques.
C) The amount of blood lost is easily replaced with a transfusion of extra blood.
D) A heart murmur is actually caused by a harmless lung irregularity.

Question 28

A(n) ________ is the device that is used to measure blood pressure.

Question 29

The lowest blood pressure that occurs when the ventricles are relaxing is known as ________.

A) diastolic pressure
B) systolic pressure
C) aneurysm
D) arterial pressure

Question 30

Because the sinoatrial node sends out impulses that initiate each heartbeat, it is often referred to as the ________ of the heart.

Question 31

The ________ is a fibrous sac that holds the heart in the center of the chest cavity without hampering its movements, even when the heart is contracting vigorously.

Question 32

Heart block is a condition in which the SA node is properly functioning but the atria and ventricles are contracting out of synch. Which of the following statements explains why this happens?

A) The SA node is working extra hard to make the ventricles catch up.
B) The AV node is not sending signals to the ventricles as it should.
C) The coronary arteries are not delivering blood to the heart.
D) The heart valves are allowing blood to flow backward through the heart.

Question 33

In a surgery of a few hours, the skeletal muscles are normally immobilized. Using the knowledge of this chapter, which of the following conditions would most likely result normally if countermeasures were not taken?

A) excessive redness of the skin
B) fluid buildup in the tissues
C) excessive sweating
D) rapid breathing

Question 34

The ________ valves prevent blood from flowing back into the heart once it has left the ventricles.

Question 35

Jorge has developed prostate cancer, so he undergoes an operation to remove the malignancy. What other structures will the cancer specialists look at to check for metastasis?

A) local arteries
B) connecting veins
C) neighboring lymph nodes
D) portions of the liver

Question 36

Which of these is the portion of the heartbeat that involves contraction of the heart?

A) cardiac cycle
B) pacemaker
C) diastole
D) systole

Question 37

The left side of the heart and the arteries and veins in the body tissues make up the ________ circuit.

Question 38

A heart ________ can be heard with a stethoscope and is an indication to a physician of disturbed blood flow due to a damaged heart valve.

Question 39

In an EKG, what does the QRS wave indicate?

A) first heart sound
B) electrical signal over the atria
C) second heart sound
D) electrical signal over the ventricles

Question 40

The smallest arteries, called ________, are barely visible to the unaided eye.

Question 41

A patient has a heart attack and wakes up in the hospital. He gets a visit from his doctor, who says he had to shock the patient's heart because part of it had gone into fibrillation. The doctor jokes that it could have been worse if the other part of the heart had been in fibrillation and that the patient was really lucky. Which chambers of the heart in the patient were in fibrillation, the atria or the ventricles?

Question 42

Charlotte had an operation in which some of her lymphatic system was removed in a certain area. If not treated, you would expect to see ________ occurring in the surrounding tissue.

Question 43

Swollen lymph nodes signal infection and result from increased numbers of ________ that build up in the lymph nodes.

Question 44

Why do physicians often examine the lymph nodes of cancer patients?

Question 45

If someone who is severely allergic to bee stings gets stung, the person may experience anaphylactic shock, which can cause a fatal drop in blood pressure. The drop in blood pressure is due to an inappropriate release of histamine in response to the sting. Histamine causes massive vasodilation, so how does this affect blood pressure?

Question 46

Lucy, a new Army recruit, stood in formation for long periods of time without moving an inch. She eventually became lightheaded and fainted because her blood pressure dropped. What might have caused her blood pressure to drop?

Question 47

Clarice, a dental hygienist, knows she cannot work on a patient with an infected oral cavity. A quick and effective way to determine whether an infection in the mouth exists is to feel for swollen ________ below the jaw.

Question 48

Explain the mechanics of muscle contraction during a heartbeat, including the stimulus for the contraction.

Question 49

Explain the structure and functions of the arteries.

Question 50

What is the function of the veins, and how do these vessels compare with the arteries?

Question 51

Paul, physically inactive and obese, suddenly dropped to the ground. His friends called 911, and the emergency medical technicians arrived. An emergency medical technician (EMT) quickly began to perform an EKG on Paul and saw many rapid, irregular waves where individual QRS waves should have been. Based on the information in the text, what is your diagnosis, and what is your suggested treatment? What do you think a physician will recommend to Paul should he survive?

Question 52

Trace a drop of blood as it enters the vena cava and travels through the heart and body. Include the major vessels and the heart chambers and valves in your answer.