Deck 14: Blood

Question 1

Some of these blood proteins are antibodies.

A) albumins
B) fibrins
C) glucoses
D) globulins

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Infectious mononucleosis is caused by ________.

A) pernicious anemia
B) Epstein-Barr virus
C) lead poisoning
D) blood doping

Answer 2

B

Question 3

An illegal practice is found among some athletes who try to increase the normal number of RBCs in an attempt to boost oxygen delivery. This practice is called ________.

A) blood doping
B) leukemia
C) bloodletting
D) bone marrow transplant

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of these white blood cells gives rise to plasma cells, which can then produce antibodies?

A) T lymphocytes
B) monocytes
C) eosinophils
D) B lymphocytes

Question 5

The liquid portion of the blood that consists of about 55% of the total volume of blood is referred to as ________.

A) stem cells
B) leukocytes
C) plasma
D) platelets

Question 6

George is stuck out in the hot, dry desert without any water, and he is sweating a lot. Which of these components of the blood should decrease?

A) glucose
B) red blood cells
C) platelets
D) plasma

Question 7

Activated thrombin makes this protein change.

A) fibrinogen
B) agglutinate
C) plasmin
D) prothrombin

Question 8

A child has a bicycle accident and is rushed to the ER. The doctors stop the bleeding, but the child needs a transfusion. Fortunately, the patient is AB-positive, so the doctors can give him ________.

A) AB negative or positive only
B) any blood type
C) O positive only
D) O negative only

Question 9

An Rh-negative mother will need a special treatment if she gives birth to an Rh-positive baby. The treatment involves the destruction of any stray blood cells from the baby that pass into the mother's bloodstream. Why is this necessary?

A) The mother's immune system will attack the Rh-positive cells and produce antibodies that will attack a fetus in a subsequent pregnancy.
B) The mother's immune system will attack her own blood cells and the cells in the fetus of a subsequent pregnancy.
C) Without this treatment, the mother's immune system will attack only her own blood cells.
D) Without this treatment, antibodies will be formed in breast milk, which could harm the baby.

Question 10

Which of these conditions is a cancer that causes uncontrolled division of white blood cells, such that the number of cells greatly increases?

A) mononucleosis
B) leukemia
C) iron-deficiency anemia
D) sickle-cell anemia

Question 11

Neutrophils engulf microbes by phagocytosis to fight an infection. Normally, they perform this function for some time but then die off. These dead cells and other foreign materials form pus. Which cells then clean up all the dead neutrophils?

A) macrophages
B) other neutrophils
C) T lymphocytes
D) eosinophils

Question 12

Neonatal jaundice results when a newborn baby's liver is not working fully to remove a particular waste product. Treatment involves placing the infant under a blue light, which reacts with the waste product and converts it to a form that the kidney can excrete. What is this waste product called?

A) hemoglobin
B) erythropoietin
C) oxyhemoglobin
D) bilirubin

Question 13

To which of the following substances does hemoglobin most readily bind?

A) oxygen
B) bilirubin
C) carbon monoxide
D) erythropoietin

Question 14

Sometimes the immune system overreacts from exposure to a normally harmless substance such as cat hair. Subsequent exposure to this allergen elicits a massive inflammatory response. Because the chemical histamine is the cause of this inflammation, what cell type is most likely behind the problem?

A) neutrophils
B) basophils
C) lymphocytes
D) monocytes

Question 15

Which of these leukocytes are the most abundant and begin to phagocytize pathogens to reduce the spread of infection?

A) eosinophils
B) monocytes
C) basophils
D) neutrophils

Question 16

A doctor is treating a patient who has some form of anemia. First, the doctor tries to give the patient extra vitamins that contain iron, to no effect. There is no evidence of lead poisoning. The doctor tries an injection of vitamin B12, and the anemia is under control. What type of anemia did the patient have?

A) iron-deficiency anemia
B) sickle-cell anemia
C) pernicious anemia
D) hemorrhagic anemia

Question 17

If a person were to receive such a high dose of radiation that all of the cells were to die in this area, anemia would develop. This place is the ________.

A) red bone marrow
B) yellow bone marrow
C) thymus
D) lymph nodes

Question 18

Which of these is part of the defense against parasites, such as tapeworms and hookworms, that have invaded the body?

A) neutrophils
B) lymphocytes
C) eosinophils
D) monocytes

Question 19

Stan, a champion athlete, sleeps up in the mountains at 10,000 feet every night to increase his red blood cell count for better athletic performance. Which hormone increases to make that possible?

A) hemoglobin
B) erythropoietin
C) Rh factor
D) fibrin

Question 20

Which protein transports oxygen in the bloodstream?

A) plasminogen
B) hemoglobin
C) erythropoietin
D) thrombin

Question 21

Alberto had a bad bump on his leg, so he went to see the doctor about it. The physician diagnosed it as a blood clot and said that blood clots can float away into the circulation. One of these floaters is called a(n) ________.

A) prothrombin
B) formed element
C) platelet plug
D) embolus

Question 22

A person who cannot make enough of the plasma protein ________ might have problems with water balance.

Question 23

About 7% of the plasma is made up of ________, which help balance water flow between the blood and the tissues.

Question 24

________ is the process whereby cells engulf pathogens and foreign substances.

Question 25

Unlike white blood cells, mature red blood cells lack a(n) ________.

Question 26

A mother brings a child into the ER with a severe nosebleed that won't stop bleeding. She also tells the doctors that the child bruises very easily in response to very minor accidents. Given the information in the text, the doctor orders some tests and finds that the young boy has ________.

A) anemia
B) hemophilia
C) embolus
D) leukemia

Question 27

The group of white blood cells that lacks visible granules in the cytoplasm is called ________. Included in this group are monocytes and lymphocytes.

Question 28

Platelets are formed when fragments from large cells called ________ break off.

Question 29

Which protein functions to break down clots after wounds heal?

A) plasmin
B) prothrombin
C) thrombin
D) fibrinogen

Question 30

Someone who loses the ability to make blood cells might need a transplant of the porous tissue known as ________ from a close relative.

Question 31

________ are large cells that clean up debris and destroy bacteria by phagocytosis.

Question 32

The three functions of blood are transportation, protection, and ________.

Question 33

Which of the following is a genetic disorder in which a person bleeds excessively because of a faulty gene for a clotting factor?

A) B blood type
B) anemia
C) hemophilia
D) color blindness

Question 34

The ________, or thrombocytes, play a vital role in clotting.

Question 35

After a wound has healed, an enzyme called ________ is secreted to dissolve the clot.

Question 36

Prothrombin is converted to ________ during the clotting process.

Question 37

A person with a diet very low in iron may not be able to make enough of a formed element in the blood called ________.

Question 38

A drug called Coumadin interferes with the action of vitamin K in the liver. What effect will Coumadin have on blood-clotting mechanisms?

A) Coumadin will make it necessary for the patient to eat extra leafy green vegetables.
B) Vitamin K will not be absorbed from the digestive tract.
C) The liver will not be able to produce needed clotting factors.
D) Nothing, because vitamin K is not necessary for blood clotting.

Question 39

An embolus could block blood flow to the ________, resulting in a myocardial infarction, or it may block blood in the ________ and cause a stroke.

A) brain; heart
B) heart; kidney
C) heart; brain
D) brain; kidney
E) liver; kidney

Question 40

The granulocytes are white blood cells that include ________, ________, and ________.

Question 41

Explain why someone with blood type O-negative is called the universal donor.

Question 42

The number of people in the general population with type AB blood is relatively small. That is fortunate because these people make the least useful donors. Why are these people not as useful as other blood donors?

Question 43

TPA, or tissue plasminogen activator, is a compound sometimes given to a person suffering from a heart attack. Why would a compound that apparently activates plasminogen be useful in treating a heart attack?

Question 44

Long protein strands that form a web that traps blood cells and platelets to form a clot are called ________.

Question 45

How are the red blood cells produced in the body, and what might stimulate this process?

Question 46

Explain the steps involved in the clotting process.

Question 47

Emery was in a serious accident and had to have a large part of his stomach surgically removed. He needed a transfusion at first, but soon he healed. However, after his recovery, he started having anemia. Why did he develop anemia, and how can this form of anemia be treated?

Question 48

An Rh-positive baby can cause an Rh-negative mother to produce antibodies against the Rh antigen. When is this a problem?

Question 49

Explain the ABO blood system and why is it important to fully understand this system in regard to blood transfusions.