Deck 12: The Endocrine System

Question 1

Vlad, 28 years old, is a slender, jumpy man with eyes that seem to bulge out of their sockets. His heart rate is unusually fast. Which of the following conditions does Vlad most likely have?

A) Addison's disease
B) acromegaly
C) Cushing's syndrome
D) Graves' disease

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Amy just gave birth by cesarean section to a beautiful baby girl. All through her pregnancy, her mammary glands enlarged to prepare for milk production. However, in the day or two following the birth of her baby, Amy cannot eject a drop of the milk that is so obviously present in her breasts. What hormone is probably missing?

A) oxytocin
B) estrogen
C) prolactin
D) progesterone

Answer 2

A

Question 3

PTH is necessary to produce calcitriol (activated vitamin

A) submissive
B) permissive
C) synergistic
D) antagonistic
D), which is necessary for the movement of calcium through cells. In this case, how would you characterize PTH?

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Eric was working very hard in the dry, hot boiler room and sweating a lot. Under these conditions, which of the following might Eric be experiencing?

A) He has decreased hydrocortisone.
B) He has increased oxytocin.
C) He has increased antidiuretic hormone.
D) He has decreased thyroxine.

Question 5

Hanna, 18 years old, is over 6 feet tall. She has an x-ray film taken that shows that her long bones are continuing to lengthen. Eventually, a thorough examination shows that she has a tumor growing in her ________.

A) posterior pituitary
B) pineal gland
C) adrenal medulla
D) anterior pituitary

Question 6

Parathyroid hormone causes the blood calcium level to rise, but calcitonin causes those levels to fall. The relationship between the two hormones is described as ________.

A) expressive
B) antagonistic
C) synergistic
D) permissive

Question 7

When a woman breast-feeds, oxytocin causes the milk to move from the mammary glands toward the nipples. What other organ might also react when a woman breast-feeds right after giving birth?

A) uterus
B) rectum
C) thymus
D) perilymph

Question 8

In the past, oxygen uptake in a patient was measured as a means of determining whether a certain endocrine gland was working properly. Which of the following glands was this method most likely assessing?

A) pineal
B) thyroid
C) testes
D) parathyroid

Question 9

Sue has begun to lactate, but she has not recently given birth. Which of the following might be causing this abnormality?

A) excess estrogen
B) progesterone production
C) hyperthyroidism
D) pituitary tumor

Question 10

Cancer cells often fail to respond to certain hormones because they lack these cell membrane features important in binding with those specific hormones.

A) DNAs
B) dockers
C) targets
D) receptors

Question 11

Which of the following hormones stimulates the release of a future egg cell by the ovaries?

A) luteinizing
B) follicle-stimulating
C) oxytocin
D) prolactin

Question 12

This type of hormone characteristically requires a second messenger.

A) lipid-soluble
B) steroid
C) water-soluble
D) prostaglandin

Question 13

Maria has been in labor for 12 hours, and her obstetrician thinks that it is time to artificially induce birth. What hormone will the physician inject?

A) estrogen
B) vasopressin
C) prolactin
D) oxytocin

Question 14

The connection between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary is ________.

A) circulatory
B) neural
C) via special ducts
D) There is no connection.

Question 15

Lian, at 12 years old, was barely 3 feet tall. What hormone might she take to grow taller?

A) growth hormone
B) estrogen
C) aldosterone
D) calcitonin

Question 16

An injection of ACTH would cause an increase in the release of which of the following hormones?

A) thyroxin
B) glucocorticoids
C) growth hormone
D) antidiuretic hormone

Question 17

Nadia, who is 25 years old, wants to be taller because she is just 5 feet tall. Of the choices given, which would be the wisest option for Nadia?

A) Do nothing.
B) Take injections of growth hormone.
C) Use GHRH so she will have her own natural growth.
D) Take thyroxine daily.

Question 18

Govingee, 35 years old, has recently become lethargic, and his face feels very cool but puffy to the touch. When you take his pulse, you note that it seems abnormally low. What condition might Govingee have?

A) low thyroid hormone
B) excess calcitonin
C) accumulating aldosterone
D) low growth hormone

Question 19

Which is the hormone that stimulates growth by increasing cell size or rate of cell division?

A) calcitonin
B) growth hormone
C) oxytocin
D) tropic hormone

Question 20

Eating a lot of shrimp would tend to decrease the incidence of which of the following conditions?

A) simple goiter
B) Graves' disease
C) SAD
D) myxedema

Question 21

Leukocytosis-promoting factor, among other things, acts to encourage the movement of white blood cells to the site of an injury. Which hormone opposes this action?

A) epinephrine
B) insulin
C) TH
D) cortisol

Question 22

Which gland is active in the building up of the body's defense system and is larger in infants and children?

A) thyroid
B) pancreas
C) posterior pituitary
D) thymus

Question 23

When blood calcium levels fall, the ________ secrete a hormone that causes greater calcium release from the bones.

Question 24

Someone who has diabetes insipidus has not enough ________.

Question 25

Which of the following substances functions in the body's inflammatory response to prevent blood clots, regulate body temperature, and open airways to the lungs?

A) carotenoids
B) prostaglandins
C) leukotrienes
D) melatonin

Question 26

When the result of two hormones working together is greater than that of either working alone, we say that they work ________.

Question 27

Sandhu has type 1 diabetes, so he must frequently inject himself with insulin. He has to be careful not to inject himself too often or with too much of the hormone because this vital chemical will virtually disappear from his bloodstream.

A) glycogen
B) Oxycontin
C) glucose
D) oxygen

Question 28

Inflammatory processes can be painful and even dangerous if they continue inappropriately. Which of the following would control those processes?

A) thyroid hormone
B) growth hormone
C) vasopressin
D) cortisol

Question 29

A person who had too much growth hormone through childhood may develop ________.

Question 30

When Tanous exercises, his muscles need a greater flow of blood. Which of the following substances are the muscles likely to secrete locally?

A) nitric oxide
B) histamine
C) prostaglandins
D) growth hormone

Question 31

Which of the following hormones may take part in one or more of these functions: daily rhythms, long periods of sleep, and depression?

A) melatonin
B) thymosin
C) oxytocin
D) growth

Question 32

Follicle-stimulating hormone is secreted from the ________ gland.

Question 33

________ is a condition caused by Graves' disease (too much thyroid), in which the eyes protrude.

Question 34

Norman ate his birthday cake with lots of sugary frosting, so his pancreas secreted ________.

A) insulin
B) glycogen
C) glucagon
D) thyroxin

Question 35

Anton has diabetes mellitus and has to take insulin. One day he forgot to inject himself as his doctor directed. Predict the most likely consequence according to this chapter.

A) rise in blood glucose levels
B) greater protein synthesis
C) more fat storage
D) increase in glycogen storage

Question 36

Sometimes postmenopausal women are given a prescription for which of the following to help them maintain their bone calcium?

A) parathyroid hormone
B) thyroid hormone
C) calcitonin
D) insulin

Question 37

In males, the primary source of estrogens is the ________.

A) hypothalamus
B) heart
C) adrenal cortex
D) ovaries

Question 38

The ________ is a shield-shaped endocrine structure in the front of the neck.

Question 39

Gian-Carlo is going to have part of his adrenal cortex removed because of a tumor. After the surgery, he may need ________.

A) melatonin and insulin
B) oxytocin
C) cortisol
D) calcitonin

Question 40

When the concentration of sodium in the blood becomes too high, hormonal mechanisms come into play to counteract this dangerous condition and return sodium to normal levels. This type of response is called ________.

Question 41

George is 16 years old and really wants to make the high school basketball team. Although he is skilled, he is only 5 feet, 10 inches tall. What advice would you give him about taking human growth hormone?

Question 42

If Mary were lost in the Sahara desert in the summer, why should she not drink alcohol?

Question 43

Susan ran a beef slaughterhouse. At the end of a very long day in which many cattle were processed, she found that there were several pounds of thyroid gland, unsalable as such. Therefore, she ordered the glands be ground into hamburger meat. If someone were to buy, cook, and eat all of that thyroid-burger, what serious outcome would you predict for that customer?

Question 44

Hormones responsible for the fight-or-flight response are produced in the ________.

Question 45

Prostaglandins may act as local signaling molecules in the uterus, causing ________.

Question 46

Mamadou has started to experience severe pain due to kidney stones, which he has developed for the first time in his life. A bone scan shows that his bones are losing calcium at an alarming rate and becoming weakened. Based on the information in this chapter, predict what his physician is most likely to look for.

Question 47

The ________ gland lies in the center of the brain and contains secretory cells that produce melatonin.

Question 48

An injection of the pancreatic hormone ________ would cause blood glucose levels to fall.

Question 49

________, secreted from the pancreatic islets, causes the liver to increase the breakdown of glycogen.

Question 50

Which hormones produced by the adrenal gland might help to offset some of the symptoms of menopause?

Question 51

A condition that occurs in adults in which there is an excess of growth hormone so that the bones thicken but do not lengthen.

Question 52

Civil defense officials usually stock large supplies of nonradioactive iodine, which would be distributed in the event of a release of radioactive iodine. Please explain why.

Question 53

Why should consumers be skeptical about ingesting melatonin supplements or any other dietary supplement sold in vitamin or health stores?

Question 54

The ________ are endocrine cells that occur in small clusters in the pancreas.

Question 55

T cells, a part of our body's defense mechanism, are found in the ________ gland.

Question 56

________ is a very common second messenger in the action of water-soluble hormones on the target cells