Question 1

According to Bandura, people with _____ tend to be confident and have a positive outlook.&#10;A) high self-efficacy&#10;B) low self-efficacy&#10;C) conditional positive regard&#10;D) unconditional positive regard

Accepted Answer

Bandura's theory of self-efficacy suggests that people with high self-efficacy believe in their ability to succeed and are more confident in their actions. This confidence often leads to a positive outlook, as they believe they have the skills and resources to handle challenges and overcome obstacles. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.

Question 2

Which of the following lists Freud's psychosexual stages of personality development in the correct chronological order?&#10;A) oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital&#10;B) latency, oral, anal, phallic, genital&#10;C) oral, phallic, anal, genital, latency&#10;D) anal, oral, phallic, genital, latency

Accepted Answer

This is the correct chronological order of Freud's psychosexual stages of personality development.

Question 3

After failing a difficult math exam, a student thought, &#34;Next time I will study harder.&#34; This student has _____.&#10;A) an external locus of control&#10;B) learned helplessness&#10;C) situational attribution&#10;D) an internal locus of control

Accepted Answer

The statement "Next time I will study harder" indicates that the student believes their future success is within their own power, which is associated with an internal locus of control.

Question 4

Which personality assessment has high predictive validity when used by trained professionals in a clinical setting?&#10;A) MMPI-2&#10;B) TAT&#10;C) Rorschach Inkblot Test&#10;D) None of the answers is correct.

Accepted Answer

The MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) is known to have high predictive validity when used by trained professionals in a clinical setting. It has a long history of use in clinical and forensic settings and has been extensively researched and validated.

Question 5

According to Freud, which part of our minds contains biological drives and unresolved childhood conflicts?&#10;A) conscious mind&#10;B) preconscious mind&#10;C) unconscious mind&#10;D) All the answers are correct.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of personality, the unconscious mind contains biological drives (such as the libido) and unresolved childhood conflicts that we may not be aware of but can influence our behavior and thoughts.

Question 6

According to Eysenck, personality traits are determined by _____.&#10;A) unconscious motivations&#10;B) reinforcement of traits&#10;C) social modeling&#10;D) heredity

Accepted Answer

Eysenck believed that personality traits were largely determined by heredity, specifically genetics. He proposed that there were three main dimensions of personality: extraversion-introversion, neuroticism-stability, and psychoticism-normality, and that these traits were largely determined by genetic factors.

Question 7

The commonly used Myers-Briggs Type Indicator assessment is based on the ideas of which neo-Freudian theorist?&#10;A) Alfred Adler&#10;B) Karen Horney&#10;C) Erik Erikson&#10;D) Carl Jung

Accepted Answer

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator assessment is based on Carl Jung's ideas of psychological types, which include concepts of introversion/extroversion, sensing/intuition, thinking/feeling, and judging/perceiving. Jung was a neo-Freudian theorist who had a significant impact on the field of psychology, particularly in the areas of personality, dream analysis, and the collective unconscious.

Question 8

A person who is calm, secure, and relaxed would score low on which &#34;Big Five&#34; personality dimension?&#10;A) agreeableness&#10;B) neuroticism&#10;C) conscientiousness&#10;D) openness

Accepted Answer

Neuroticism is characterized by emotional instability and tendency to experience negative emotions such as anxiety, fear, and anger. Therefore, a person who is calm, secure, and relaxed would score low on this dimension.

Question 9

According to Maslow, the strongest motivator of human behavior is (are) _____.&#10;A) self-actualization&#10;B) safety&#10;C) physiological needs&#10;D) love

Accepted Answer

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, physiological needs such as food, water, shelter, and sleep are the strongest motivators of human behavior as they are the most basic and essential needs for survival. Only when these needs are met can an individual move up the hierarchy towards safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization.

Question 10

According to Freud, which personality structure are we born with?&#10;A) superego&#10;B) id&#10;C) ego&#10;D) None of the answers is correct.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, we are born with the id, which is the primitive and instinctual part of the personality. The superego and ego develop later through the influence of socialization and experience.

Deck 8: Section 4: Personality Theories and Assessment