Question 1

How will a securely attached child behave during Ainsworth's strange situation?&#10;A) The infant is confused upon the mother's departure and return.&#10;B) The infant shows little distress upon the mother's departure and avoids her when she returns.&#10;C) The infant shows distress upon the mother's departure and is enthusiastic when she returns.&#10;D) The infant shows distress upon the mother's departure and alternately clings to and pushes away from her when she returns.

Accepted Answer

A securely attached child will show distress upon the mother's departure and seek comfort from her when she returns. However, once the mother returns, the infant will quickly calm down and resume playing or exploring their environment. The infant will also be enthusiastic and happy to see the mother, showing what is known as "secure base behavior."

Question 2

How many chromosomes does a zygote have?&#10;A) 32&#10;B) 23&#10;C) 45&#10;D) 46

Accepted Answer

A zygote has 46 chromosomes, 23 from each parent. This is because during fertilization, the sperm (containing 23 chromosomes) and the egg (containing another 23 chromosomes) come together to form a zygote with 46 chromosomes in total.

Question 3

Which types of parents demand unquestioned obedience from their children?&#10;A) authoritative&#10;B) authoritarian&#10;C) permissive&#10;D) uninvolved

Accepted Answer

Authoritarian parents demand unquestioned obedience from their children and believe in strict discipline, often using punishment and rewards to control behavior. This parenting style is characterized by a high level of control and low level of warmth, which can have negative impacts on children's development, including decreased self-esteem and impaired social skills.

Question 4

When a young child is asked which beaker has more liquid in it, the child ignores the width of the beakers and looks only at the height of the beakers. This child is exhibiting _____.&#10;A) centration&#10;B) egocentrism&#10;C) conservation&#10;D) object permanence

Accepted Answer

The child is exhibiting centration, which is the tendency to focus only on one dimension of a problem while ignoring other important aspects. In this case, the child is only looking at the height of the beakers and not considering the width, which can impact the amount of liquid in each beaker. Egocentrism refers to the inability to take another person's perspective, conservation refers to the understanding that physical properties of substances remain the same even when the appearance changes, and object permanence refers to the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight.

Question 5

A person who acts a certain way to gain the approval of those around him or her is in Kohlberg's _____ level of morality.&#10;A) preconventional&#10;B) conventional&#10;C) postconventional&#10;D) formal

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's conventional level of morality is characterized by a focus on gaining social approval and following societal rules and norms. This aligns with the behavior of someone who acts a certain way to gain the approval of those around them. The preconventional level focuses on self-interest and avoiding punishment, while the postconventional level involves an individual's personal ethical principles and values. The formal level is not a level of morality in Kohlberg's theory but refers to the stage of cognitive development in which individuals can think abstractly and hypothetically.

Question 6

Which sense is the LEAST developed at birth?&#10;A) vision&#10;B) hearing&#10;C) taste&#10;D) smell

Accepted Answer

Vision is the least developed sense at birth. Newborns can see, but their vision is quite blurry, and they can only see in black, white, and some shades of gray. Their focus is best at objects 8 to 12 inches away, which is about the distance to a parent's face while nursing or feeding. The other senses, such as hearing, taste, and smell, are more developed at birth compared to vision.

Question 7

A child who understands reversibility but not abstract thought is most likely in Piaget's _____ stage.&#10;A) sensorimotor&#10;B) formal operations&#10;C) preoperational&#10;D) concrete operational

Accepted Answer

The concrete operational stage, according to Piaget, is when children gain the ability to think logically about concrete events and understand the concept of reversibility, but they struggle with abstract concepts. This stage typically occurs between the ages of 7 and 11.

Question 8

One-year-old Suzy points to an orange and says, &#34;Ball.&#34; This is an example of _____.&#10;A) baby phrase&#10;B) underextension&#10;C) overextension&#10;D) telegraphic speech

Accepted Answer

Suzy is demonstrating overextension, a common language development phenomenon where children apply a word they know to a wider variety of contexts than is appropriate. In this case, she uses "ball," a word she knows, to refer to an orange, likely because both are round.

Question 9

The teaching style of scaffolding is based on the ideas of _____.&#10;A) Piaget&#10;B) Kohlberg&#10;C) Vygotsky&#10;D) Erikson

Accepted Answer

The teaching style of scaffolding is based on the ideas of Lev Vygotsky, who believed that learning occurs through social interactions with more knowledgeable others, and that a teacher should provide support and guidance to help students build on their current abilities and knowledge.

Question 10

According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, in which stage do infants begin their lives?&#10;A) initiative versus guilt&#10;B) trust versus mistrust&#10;C) autonomy versus shame and doubt&#10;D) integrity versus despair

Accepted Answer

Infants begin their lives in Erikson's psychosocial stage of trust versus mistrust, which occurs from birth to around 18 months. This stage is characterized by the infant learning to trust or mistrust their caregivers and the world around them, based on the consistency and dependability of their environment.

Question 11

When doing a cross-sectional study on computer use, it is important to consider the differences in exposure to computers experienced by each generation. This is known as a _____.&#10;A) zone of proximal development&#10;B) longitudinal factor&#10;C) cross-sectional factor&#10;D) cohort effect

Accepted Answer

The answer of When doing a cross-sectional study on computer...

Question 12

An infant will turn his mouth toward anything that touches his cheek and search for something to suck on due to the _____ reflex.&#10;A) sucking&#10;B) rooting&#10;C) Babinski&#10;D) Moro

Accepted Answer

The answer of An infant will turn his mouth toward...

Deck 7: Section 4: Developmental Psychology