Question 1

Which research method allows the researcher to draw cause-effect conclusions?&#10;A) descriptive&#10;B) correlational&#10;C) experimental&#10;D) All of these.

Accepted Answer

Only experimental research allows the researcher to control for extraneous variables and manipulate the independent variable to determine causality. Descriptive and correlational research can identify relationships and patterns, but cannot determine causality.

Question 2

In an experiment, the _____ group participants receive an inactive treatment but are told that the treatment will help them.&#10;A) experimental&#10;B) control&#10;C) placebo&#10;D) third-variable

Accepted Answer

The group described in the question is receiving a placebo, which is an inactive treatment that is meant to be perceived as real by the participants. This is often used in experiments to control for the placebo effect, which is the tendency of people to feel better simply because they believe they are receiving a treatment, even if that treatment has no real therapeutic value. The experimental group would receive the treatment being tested, while the control group would receive no treatment or a different treatment than the one being tested. A third-variable refers to a variable other than the independent or dependent variable that could be influencing the results of the study.

Question 3

Shere Hite's failure to use a _____ resulted in misleading findings for her women and love survey study.&#10;A) placebo group&#10;B) double-blind procedure&#10;C) random assignment&#10;D) random sampling

Accepted Answer

Shere Hite's study suffered from misleading findings due to her failure to use random sampling. This methodological flaw meant that her survey participants were not representative of the broader population, leading to skewed results.

Question 4

Which would be the BEST procedure for obtaining a representative sample of the students at your school?&#10;A) sampling randomly among students in the psychology department&#10;B) sampling randomly among students who respond to a request in the school newspaper&#10;C) sampling randomly from a list of all the students enrolled at your school&#10;D) All of these methods would provide a representative sample of the students at your school

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which would be the BEST procedure for...

Question 5

The most frequently occurring score in a distribution of scores is the _____, and the average score is the _____.&#10;A) mode; mean&#10;B) mean; mode&#10;C) median; mean&#10;D) mean; median

Accepted Answer

The mode is the score that appears most frequently in a distribution, while the mean is the average score. Therefore, the best choice is A, where the mode is identified as the most frequently occurring score, and the average score is identified as the mean.

Question 6

In a left-skewed distribution, the mean is _____ than the median; in a right-skewed distribution, the mean is _____ than the median.&#10;A) greater; greater&#10;B) greater; less&#10;C) less; greater&#10;D) less; less

Accepted Answer

In a left-skewed distribution, the tail on the left-hand side is longer, which means that there are more values on the left-hand side of the distribution that are farther away from the mean. Therefore, the mean is "pulled" towards the left-hand side and is lower than the median. In contrast, in a right-skewed distribution, the tail on the right-hand side is longer, which means that there are more values on the right-hand side that are farther away from the mean. As a result, the mean is "pulled" towards the right-hand side and is higher than the median.

Question 7

Which type of scatterplot depicts a weak, negative correlation?&#10;A) a lot of scatter with data points going from top left to bottom right&#10;B) very little scatter with data points going from top left to bottom right&#10;C) a lot of scatter with data points going from bottom left to top right&#10;D) very little scatter with data points going from bottom left to top right

Accepted Answer

A weak, negative correlation is indicated by a scatterplot where the data points are widely spread out (a lot of scatter) and follow a general trend from the top left to the bottom right. This shows that as one variable increases, the other tends to decrease, but the relationship is not strong due to the high level of scatter.

Question 8

Professor Jones noticed that the distribution of students' scores on his last biology exam had an extremely small standard deviation. This indicates that the _____.&#10;A) exam was given to a very small class of students&#10;B) exam was a poor measure of the students' knowledge&#10;C) students' scores tended to be very similar to one another&#10;D) students' mean exam score was less than the median exam score

Accepted Answer

A small standard deviation indicates that the scores are clustered closely around the mean, meaning that the students' scores tended to be very similar to one another. This does not necessarily mean that the exam was given to a small class or that it was a poor measure of knowledge, nor does it provide information about the relationship between the mean and the median.

Question 9

Which correlation coefficient indicates the STRONGEST relationship?&#10;A) +.75&#10;B) -.81&#10;C) +1.25&#10;D) 0.00

Accepted Answer

The correlation coefficient value ranges from -1 to +1. The closer it is to -1 or +1, the stronger the relationship. Therefore, of the options listed, -.81 indicates the strongest negative relationship. A correlation coefficient value of +1.25 is not possible since the range is limited to -1 to +1, and a correlation coefficient of 0 indicates no relationship. Therefore, the only option that indicates the strongest relationship is B) -.81.

Question 10

Which major research perspective focuses on conditioning by external environmental events as the major cause of our behavior?&#10;A) biological&#10;B) cognitive&#10;C) behavioral&#10;D) sociocultural

Accepted Answer

The behavioral perspective focuses on our behavior being conditioned by external environmental events, such as rewards and punishments. It emphasizes observable and measurable behavior rather than internal mental processes.

Question 11

Manipulate is to measure as _____ is to _____.&#10;A) positive correlation; negative correlation&#10;B) negative correlation; positive correlation&#10;C) independent variable; dependent variable&#10;D) dependent variable; independent variable

Accepted Answer

The answer of Manipulate is to measure as _____ is...

Question 12

About _____ percent of the scores in a normal distribution are between -1 standard deviation and +1 standard deviation of the mean.&#10;A) 34&#10;B) 68&#10;C) 95&#10;D) 99

Accepted Answer

The answer of About _____ percent of the scores in...

Question 13

Height and weight are _____ correlated; elevation and temperature are _____ correlated.&#10;A) positively; positively&#10;B) positively; negatively&#10;C) negatively; positively&#10;D) negatively; negatively

Accepted Answer

The answer of Height and weight are _____ correlated; elevation...

Question 14

Dian Fossey's study of gorillas is an example of a _____.&#10;A) naturalistic observation&#10;B) participant observation&#10;C) naturalistic observation that turned into participant observation&#10;D) case study

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dian Fossey's study of gorillas is an...

Question 15

In a normal distribution, the percentile rank for a score that is 1 standard deviation below the mean is roughly _____ percent.&#10;A) 16&#10;B) 34&#10;C) 68&#10;D) 84

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a normal distribution, the percentile rank...

Deck 1: Section 3: The Science of Psychology