Question 1

Which technique involves getting compliance to a less costly request and then reneging on it and replacing it with a more costly request?&#10;A) that's-not-all technique&#10;B) low-ball technique&#10;C) door-in-the-face technique&#10;D) foot-in-the-door technique

Accepted Answer

The technique that involves getting compliance to a less costly request and then reneging on it and replacing it with a more costly request is known as the low-ball technique. This technique works by first getting the person to commit to a request that seems reasonable or affordable, and then revealing additional costs or requirements that make the request much more burdensome. By this point, the person may feel a sense of obligation or commitment to follow through with the request, even though it has become much more costly than originally anticipated.

Question 2

According to the self-perception theory, we form our attitudes by _____.&#10;A) thinking about our attributions&#10;B) examining our behavior&#10;C) dispositional influences&#10;D) role-playing other attitudes

Accepted Answer

According to the self-perception theory, we form our attitudes by examining our behavior. We infer our attitudes from our behavior by observing ourselves and the context in which we behave.

Question 3

Our desire to avoid the disapproval of others makes us susceptible to _____, which leads to _____.&#10;A) informational social influence; obedience&#10;B) normative social influence; conformity&#10;C) informational social influence; compliance&#10;D) normative social influence; obedience

Accepted Answer

Normative social influence refers to the tendency to conform to a group's social norms, values, and expectations in order to be accepted and avoid disapproval. This often leads to conformity, as people may change their attitudes or behaviors to align with the group even if they do not believe in it.

Question 4

Mob looting and rioting are MOST likely to result from _____.&#10;A) groupthink&#10;B) bystander effect&#10;C) social facilitation&#10;D) deindividuation

Accepted Answer

Deindividuation is a psychological state in which an individual loses their sense of self-awareness and personal identity, and instead becomes absorbed in a group's identity and behavior. This can lead to an increase in impulsive and aggressive behavior, such as looting and rioting, especially if the group is anonymous and there is a sense of reduced accountability for one's actions. Groupthink (A) refers to a phenomenon where group members prioritize consensus and agreement over critical thinking and individual perspectives, but this is not necessarily linked to violent behavior. Similarly, the bystander effect (B) and social facilitation (C) are social phenomena that can influence individual behavior in a group context, but they are not directly related to mob violence.

Question 5

After the clerk was snippy with the customer, the customer assumed the salesman was a mean person and did not consider that the clerk could be a nice person having a very bad day. This is an example of _____.

A) just-world hypothesis
B) self-serving bias
C) primacy effect
D) fundamental attribution error

Accepted Answer

The scenario given is an illustration of fundamental attribution error, which is a cognitive bias that involves attributing other people's behavior to internal factors like personality traits, without taking into account situational factors that could have influenced their conduct. The customer automatically assumed that the salesman was rude and inconsiderate, without considering the possibility that he could have been having a bad day or facing personal issues that affected his mood. This bias can lead to unfair and flawed judgments of other people's character, and it is important to be aware of it to avoid making hasty and inaccurate assessments of others.

Question 6

Assigning individual responsibilities to members working on a group project may help counter the negative effects of _____.&#10;A) social loafing&#10;B) social facilitation&#10;C) group polarization&#10;D) deindividuation

Accepted Answer

Social loafing is the tendency for individuals to exert less effort when working in a group compared to when they are working individually. Assigning individual responsibilities can help to counter this effect by making each member feel accountable for their specific tasks and recognizing their contributions to the overall project. Social facilitation is the tendency for individuals to perform better when in the presence of others, group polarization is the tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial preferences of its individual members, and deindividuation is the tendency for individuals to lose their sense of individual identity and accountability when working in a group.

Question 7

A man attributes the robbery of his neighbor to his neighbor's unkind ways. This is an example of _____.&#10;A) just-world hypothesis&#10;B) self-serving bias&#10;C) self-fulfilling prophecy&#10;D) fundamental attribution error

Accepted Answer

The just-world hypothesis is the belief that the world is fair and people get what they deserve. In this case, the man believes his neighbor's robbery is a result of his unkind behavior, implying that the neighbor deserved what happened due to his actions, which aligns with the just-world hypothesis.

Question 8

In Milgram's shock experiments, what led to the lowest levels of obedience?&#10;A) The teacher and learner were in separate rooms and could not hear each other.&#10;B) The experiments were held in a run-down office building instead of at a prestigious university.&#10;C) Two experimenters disagreed about whether to continue the experiment or not.&#10;D) The experimenter was not physically present but provided instructions on the phone.

Accepted Answer

When two experimenters disagreed about whether to continue, it introduced doubt and reduced the authority's perceived legitimacy, leading to the lowest levels of obedience.

Question 9

Cognitive dissonance theory suggests that people change their _____ to reduce the cognitive discomfort created by their attitudes and behavior.&#10;A) attitudes&#10;B) behavior&#10;C) just-world hypothesis&#10;D) attribution

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance theory suggests that people change their attitudes to reduce the discomfort caused by a conflict between their attitudes and behavior.

Question 10

Self-serving bias may lead to _____.&#10;A) the false consensus effect&#10;B) the false uniqueness effect&#10;C) both of these&#10;D) None of the answers is correct.

Accepted Answer

Self-serving bias can lead to both the false consensus effect (overestimating the extent to which others share our beliefs and values) and the false uniqueness effect (underestimating the extent to which others share our positive traits and behaviors).

Deck 9: Section 4: Social Psychology