Deck 13: Measurement

Question 1

The issue of validity has to do with the congruency of the:

A) concept and the indicator
B) concept and the theory
C) theory and the research design
D) theory and the axiomatic derivations made

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Content validity refers to the extent to which:

A) the treatment caused the variation within the dependent variable
B) a measure reflects the dimension(s) implied by a concept
C) the generalizability of the findings
D) the value of theoretically derived propositions

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Measurement refers to the process of:

A) determining the concepts key to any problem
B) gathering data
C) linking the abstract to the empirical
D) linking the empirical to the instrument used

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The operational level research refers to the stage in which:

A) concepts are measured
B) the research literature is reviewed
C) concepts are defined
D) hypotheses are formed
E) all of the above

Question 5

The holistic fallacy refers to:

A) making broad-sweeping generalizations
B) concluding that one's findings are not patterned
C) assuming one's findings are atypical
D) stating only what is exceptional
E) concluding that relationships are more patterned than they really are

Question 6

When choosing indicators, one should focus on:

A) causality
B) consequences
C) correlation
D) direct measurement

Question 7

Within a research project, moving from the general to the specific is to move from the:

A) instrumental to the abstract
B) abstract to the instrumental
C) operational to the theoretical
D) theoretical to the operational

Question 8

Measurement error refers to:

A) mistaken coding
B) the effects of poor research
C) any deviation from the mean value
D) any deviation from the true value

Question 9

Face validity reference is made to a measure which:

A) at face value, appears reasonable
B) upon first glance seems appropriate, but is really erred.
C) is able to predict accurately
D) amply measures specific conceptual dimensions

Question 10

Internal validity refers to the extent to which:

A) the treatment caused the variation within the dependent variable
B) the findings are generalizable
C) theoretical propositions are consistent
D) the character of the study is suited to the research problem

Question 11

Random error refers to:

A) fluctuation around the mean value
B) positive fluctuation about the true value
C) negative fluctuation about the mean value
D) fluctuation about the true value (both directions)

Question 12

A hypothesis is a(n):

A) measurable concept
B) statement of relation between concepts
C) tested theory
D) law of the social world to be tested
E) none of the above

Question 13

Systematic error refers to:

A) non-random errors
B) non-random deviations in the form of over or under representation of the mean value
C) non-random deviations in the form of over or under representation of the true value
D) historical effects of bias

Question 14

Comparing index scores to determine internal reliability is referred to as the:

A) internal consistency approach
B) split-retest method
C) split-half method
D) determination of construct effects

Question 15

Criterion validity refers to the:

A) extent to which a theory is correct
B) the extent to which an indicator reflects a concept
C) the extent to which a measure or indicator predicts correctly
D) the generalizability of the results

Question 16

Construct validity refers to the extent to which:

A) a concept really reflects the real world
B) an indicator is internally consistent
C) a theory follows its concepts (temporal ordering principle)
D) the extent to which a theory driven prediction is correct

Question 17

Grounded theory attempts to:

A) ground their data in theory
B) identify concepts that seem to be reflected by the data
C) begins at the theoretical level
D) stress the importance of people, not concepts

Question 18

In qualitative research, validity is better thought of as:

A) reliability
B) credibility
C) reality
D) grounded theory

Question 19

A true value is a(n):

A) impossibility in the varying social world
B) underlying, exact variable quantity
C) a respondent's own life reality/definition
D) one that holds through time and space

Question 20

The retest procedure is conducted in order to establish:

A) validity of response
B) reliability of response
C) axiomatic derivations
D) the operational level of research

Question 21

Where levels of measurement are reduced:

A) the strength of association is overestimated
B) the strength of association is underestimated
C) the findings will not be generalizable
D) internal validity decreases markedly

Question 22

Ratio level measures have:

A) a zero point, equidistant intervals
B) no zero point, equidistant intervals
C) a zero point, non-equidistant intervals
D) no zero point, non-equidistant intervals

Question 23

When two or more items (or indicators) are combined to reflect a concept, we have a:

A) variable
B) questionnaire
C) index
D) structured question set

Question 24

Shy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Outgoing is an example of the:

A) Likert scale
B) magnitude estimation technique
C) semantic differential technique
D) item analysis

Question 25

The easiest and most widely used index is based on the:

A) semantic differential
B) magnitude estimation
C) Likert scale
D) a form of item analysis

Question 26

Ordinal measurement is satisfied by which of the following:

A) values are ordered, intervals are equidistant
B) values are ordered, intervals are non-equidistant
C) values are ordered
D) intervals are equidistant

Question 27

Nominal measurement involves:

A) an underlying continuum with arbitrary numeric assignments
B) an underlying continuum without arbitrary numeric assignments
C) no underlying continuum with arbitrary numeric assignment
D) no underlying continuum without arbitrary numeric assignment