Deck 13: Life Cycle Nutrition: Mother and Infant

Question 1

How many extra calories per day does a pregnant woman require during her third trimester?

A) 340 calories
B) 450 calories
C) 525 calories
D) 600 calories

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What can cause a woman to crave non-nutritious substances during pregnancy?

A) a nutrient-poor diet
B) hormones
C) an adaptive behaviour
D) anorexia nervosa

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following nutrients do all pregnant women need in generous amounts to conserve their protein and to provide energy?

A) fats
B) carbohydrates
C) proteins
D) calories

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What pregnancy weight gain is recommended for women who were at their appropriate weights before pregnancy?

A) 4.5-6 kilograms
B) 7-10 kilograms
C) 11.5-16 kilograms
D) 17-20 kilograms

Question 5

About how many kilograms should a pregnant teenager gain whose body mass index is in the normal range?

A) 6 kilograms
B) 9 kilograms
C) 15 kilograms
D) 19 kilograms

Question 6

Which of the baby's organs is affected by early malnutrition in the mother?

A) kidneys
B) brain
C) stomach
D) lungs

Question 7

Which of the following nutrients is associated with the prevention of neural tube defects?

A) zinc
B) vitamin B₁₂
C) vitamin B₆
D) folate

Question 8

Which of the following is crucial in determining whether a mother is able to grow a healthy placenta?

A) the mother's prepregnancy weight
B) the mother's age during pregnancy
C) the mother's prepregnancy nutrition
D) whether or not the mother receives vitamin supplementation

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of the placenta?

A) acting as a conduit for the mother's blood to pick up and excrete the baby's waste materials
B) acting as a conduit for nutrients and oxygen
C) surrounding and protecting the fetus
D) allowing for the exchange of materials between baby and mother

Question 10

Which of the following is one of the key elements to help identify women with preeclampsia?

A) hypotension
B) edema
C) sugar/glucose in the urine
D) convulsions

Question 11

About how many kilograms total weight gain during the first three months of pregnancy is thought to be ideal?

A) 1 kilograms
B) 1.5 kilograms
C) 2 kilograms
D) 2.5 kilograms

Question 12

What is the main factor responsible for low birthweight?

A) heredity
B) poor nutrition
C) drug use during pregnancy
D) smoking

Question 13

What is the single most important indicator of an infant's future health status?

A) the infant's birth weight
B) the mother's prepregnancy weight
C) the mother's prepregnancy nutrition status
D) the mother's weight gain during pregnancy

Question 14

Which of the following body structures does the fetus have at eight weeks of development?

A) vision and hearing
B) fully formed facial features
C) a fully formed respiratory system
D) a beating heart

Question 15

Why is iron so important during pregnancy?

A) The mother uses more iron than the fetus.
B) Absorption of iron decreases.
C) Iron is needed for brain development.
D) The fetus requires iron to carry it through the first 3 to 6 months of life outside the womb.

Question 16

Which of the following should be avoided during pregnancy?

A) exercise
B) dieting
C) salmon consumption
D) caffeine consumption

Question 17

What is the name for the stage of human gestation from eight weeks after conception until the birth of the infant?

A) embryo
B) zygote
C) fetus
D) ovum

Question 18

About how many extra grams of protein per day does a pregnant woman need?

A) 25 grams
B) 30 grams
C) 35 grams
D) 40 grams

Question 19

Which of the following foods contains vitamin B₁₂?

A) eggs
B) spinach
C) legumes
D) whole-grain bread

Question 20

What is the reason for a pregnant woman's increased need for omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids?

A) Omega fatty acids are needed for blood cell development.
B) Omega fatty acids are needed for lung development.
C) Omega fatty acids are needed for kidney development.
D) Omega fatty acids are needed for brain development.

Question 21

Supplements of what nutrient will be required by both breastfed and formula-fed infants after six months of age if their water supply is severely deficient in it?

A) vitamin C
B) iron
C) zinc
D) fluoride

Question 22

Which of the following nutrients is given to an infant at birth in order to prevent bleeding?

A) vitamin C
B) iron
C) folate
D) vitamin K

Question 23

A non-pregnant woman requires 1,600 calories per day to maintain her desirable body weight.How many calories would she need if she were in the third trimester of pregnancy?

A) 1,900 calories
B) 1,940 calories
C) 2,050 calories
D) 2,125 calories

Question 24

Which of the following considerations should govern the addition of solid foods to a baby's diet?

A) the quality of milk produced by the mother
B) how often the baby cries
C) the baby's age
D) the baby's physical readiness to handle different forms of foods

Question 25

Which one of the following should be introduced first when starting to feed a baby solid food?

A) iron-fortified rice cereal
B) egg white
C) citrus fruit juice
D) pureed vegetables

Question 26

Which of the following is an effect of maternal nutritional deprivation during lactation?

A) inability to breastfeed
B) reduced quantity of milk
C) reduced quality of milk
D) dehydration

Question 27

Which of the following would you recommend to prevent heartburn during pregnancy?

A) using over-the-counter heartburn medication
B) eating less frequently
C) avoiding greasy and spicy foods
D) lying down while eating

Question 28

Which of the following minerals is in great demand during pregnancy because it is involved in building the skeleton?

A) iron
B) phosphorus
C) folate
D) zinc

Question 29

Kathy has given birth to a small,low-birthweight infant.Which of the following most likely contributed to this situation?

A) poor nutrition
B) smoking
C) drug use during pregnancy
D) heredity

Question 30

Which of the following is the name for the pre-milk substance formed during the first two or three days of lactation?

A) foremilk
B) hindmilk
C) colostrum
D) final milk

Question 31

How can a pregnant woman alleviate the nausea of pregnancy?

A) avoid foods with offensive odours
B) drink tea or citrus juice
C) eat toast with butter and jam
D) eat only 3 meals a day

Question 32

Which of the following is a characteristic of the nutrient content of breast milk?

A) It has poor lactoferrin content.
B) Its protein is largely alpha-lactalbumin.
C) It has poor vitamin C content.
D) It has high vitamin D content.

Question 33

Which of the following nutrients is one of the most important dietary needs for infants?

A) fat
B) water
C) riboflavin
D) calcium

Question 34

At what age is it desirable to begin feeding iron-fortified cereals to an infant?

A) three months
B) six months
C) nine months
D) twelve months

Question 35

Most babies are born with enough of what substance in their livers to last about half a year?

A) fluoride
B) vitamin D
C) iron
D) calcium

Question 36

About how many millilitres of milk a day does a nursing mother produce?

A) 300 millilitres
B) 450 millilitres
C) 600 millilitres
D) 750 millilitres

Question 37

Which of the following should be avoided by vegetarian women who are pregnant?

A) legumes
B) high-protein supplements
C) tofu
D) whole grains

Question 38

A pregnant woman should strive to meet her dietary reference intake (DRI)for which of the following minerals by increasing her intakes of milk,cheese,yogurt,and other foods rich in this mineral?

A) iodine
B) calcium
C) sodium
D) potassium

Question 39

Which of the following methods should be used to relieve constipation during pregnancy?

A) avoid frequent exercise
B) consume a high-protein diet
C) drink lots of water
D) take laxatives

Question 40

Cindy experienced malnutrition late in her pregnancy.Which of the infant's organs is most likely to be affected by this?

A) brain
B) lungs
C) heart
D) stomach

Question 41

Which of the following might a pregnant woman crave who is deficient in iron,zinc,or other nutrients?

A) spinach
B) ice
C) pickles
D) beer

Question 42

The risk for which of the following conditions is known to be reduced by the supplementation of folic acid?

A) pregnancy-induced hypertension in pregnant women
B) spina bifida and other neural tube defects in the fetus
C) eclampsia in pregnant women
D) gestational diabetes in pregnant women

Question 43

At birth,baby Ashley weighs 4 kilograms.If her growth and development are normal,how much will Ashley weigh at her first birthday?

A) 6 kilograms
B) 8 kilograms
C) 10 kilograms
D) 12 kilograms

Question 44

Which of the following factors predicts excessive weight gain during childhood and more than doubles the chance that a young child will become an obese adult?

A) parental obesity
B) dietary intake
C) race and ethnicity
D) physical inactivity

Question 45

Billy is a five-month-old infant.Which of the following solid foods should Billy consume?

A) pureed vegetables
B) cheese
C) finely chopped meat
D) whole cooked egg

Question 46

What are the Canadian recommendations for gestational weight gain?

A) for a pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI)of less than 18.5,a pregnancy gain of 12.5-18 kilograms
B) for a pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI)of 18.5 to 24.9,a pregnancy gain of 14-20 kilograms
C) for a pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI)of greater than 25 to 29.9,a pregnancy gain of 5.5 kilograms
D) for a pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI)of greater than 30,a pregnancy gain of 10-13 kilograms

Question 47

What is the name for the serious foodborne infection that can cause severe brain infection or death in a fetus or a newborn?

A) hepatitis A
B) E.coli O157:H7
C) salmonella
D) listeriosis

Question 48

Which over-the-counter medicinal drug carries an additional warning regarding its usage during pregnancy?

A) sinus medication
B) aspirin
C) antacid medication
D) laxative

Question 49

Overweight children with what condition are most likely to have parents who will develop heart disease early?

A) high blood pressure
B) high sodium levels
C) high blood cholesterol
D) diabetes

Question 50

Beverly consumed 1,500 calories daily before she became pregnant.Approximately how many calories should she consume during lactation?

A) 1,830 calories
B) 1,950 calories
C) 2,125 calories
D) 2,250 calories

Question 51

A non-pregnant woman requires 46 grams of protein per day.How many grams would she need if she became pregnant?

A) 71 grams
B) 94 grams
C) 156 grams
D) 215 grams

Question 52

Approximately what percentage of all adult smokers began smoking before the age of 18?

A) 60%
B) 75%
C) 75%
D) 80%

Question 53

Health Canada advises that pregnant women consume a minimal amount of caffeine.This is equivalent to which of the following?

A) 1 cup (250 mLs)of coffee
B) 2 cups (500 mLs)of coffee
C) 3 cups (750 mLs)of coffee
D) 4 cups (1 litre)of coffee

Question 54

Which of the following is a risk associated with teenage pregnancy?

A) low-birthweight infant
B) high incidence of gestational diabetes
C) low incidence of miscarriage
D) high-birthweight infant

Question 55

How can smoking adversely affect pregnancy?

A) Smokers tend to have lower intakes of fat.
B) Smokers tend to have lower intakes of calcium.
C) Smokers tend to have lower intakes of folate.
D) Smokers tend to have lower intakes of protein.

Question 56

Susie is a pregnant vegetarian who does not consume meat,fish,poultry,or animal products such as dairy foods or eggs.Susie is at risk for developing a deficiency of which of the following?

A) vitamin C
B) magnesium
C) folate
D) vitamin B₁₂

Question 57

Which of the following is an appropriate dietary choice for children who are found to have high blood lipids?

A) reducing portion sizes
B) consuming a diet with 20-30% energy from fat
C) reducing sodium consumption
D) reducing saturated fat and trans fat consumption

Question 58

Which of the following is a typical characteristic of an estimated 85% of children with type 2 diabetes?

A) They are Asian.
B) They are hypertensive.
C) They are physically inactive.
D) They are obese.

Question 59

Nancy weighs 56 kilograms and is at an appropriate weight for her height.How much should Nancy weigh at the end of her pregnancy?

A) 60-62.5 kilograms
B) 63-66 kilograms
C) 67-72 kilograms
D) 73-76 kilograms

Question 60

Which of the following physical activities is considered safe and comfortable for pregnant women?

A) rowing
B) baseball
C) hockey
D) scuba diving

Question 61

What is the name given to the point when the zygote becomes embedded in the uterine wall?

A) gestation
B) conception
C) critical period
D) implantation

Question 62

Which of the following conditions in adults is associated with low birthweight?

A) increased LDL cholesterol
B) increased blood pressure
C) lower adult IQ
D) lower fertility rates

Question 63

The dietary reference intake (DRI)recommendation for calcium intake is the same for both non-pregnant and pregnant women in the same age group.

Question 64

Physical activity during pregnancy can improve fitness,facilitate labour,and reduce psychological stress.

Question 65

A low-birthweight baby is nearly 40 times more likely to die in the first year of life than a normal-weight baby.

Question 66

When do breastfed infants need an additional iron source?

A) after they've been weaned
B) never (They get enough iron from breast milk.)
C) at about six months
D) at three months

Question 67

When can cow's milk be introduced into the infant's diet?

A) Only after the baby has been fed goat's milk for at least six months.
B) Babies should not be given cow's milk.
C) When the baby is consuming at least two-thirds of total daily food energy from a balanced mixture of cereals,vegetables,fruits,and other foods.
D) When the baby is six months old,and then the baby should be given skim milk or 2% milk.

Question 68

Which of the following conditions is more likely to occur in a baby born to a woman who starts out underweight and who fails to gain sufficient weight during pregnancy?

A) diabetes
B) underweight
C) spina bifida
D) normal weight

Question 69

How many additional calories per day does a pregnant woman require during the second trimester?

A) 250 more in the second trimester
B) 340 more in the second trimester
C) 350 more in the second trimester
D) 500 more in the second trimester

Question 70

At what stage is the fetus's heart and brain well-developed?

A) at 8 weeks
B) at 12 weeks
C) at 14 weeks
D) at 16 weeks

Question 71

In overweight children,the risk of obesity increases by what percentage with each sugary drink consumed daily,according to one estimate?

A) 25%
B) 30%
C) 45%
D) 60%

Question 72

Folate fortification has lowered the number of neural tube defects that occur each year.

Question 73

Health Canada recommends that all breast-fed infants receive which of the following nutrients in supplemental form?

A) thiamin
B) vitamin C
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin A

Question 74

The two weeks following fertilization are considered to be a critical period developmentally for the zygote.

Question 75

During pregnancy,the recommended carbohydrate intake is between 135 and 175 grams per day.

Question 76

Which of the following characteristics is typical of children with the highest risk for developing heart disease later in life?

A) They have lower blood pressure.
B) They were formula fed in infancy.
C) They are sedentary and obese.
D) They have normal blood levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDL).

Question 77

How many millilitres of fruit juice per day does the Canadian Paediatric Society recommend that mothers give their babies when they are weaning them from the breast?

A) 20-30 millilitres
B) 40-60 millilitres
C) 60-120 millilitres
D) 130-250 millilitres

Question 78

Which of the following foods should be omitted from a baby's diet?

A) homemade pureed cream soup
B) low-fat milk
C) green vegetables
D) sweets of any kind

Question 79

Which of the following nutrients requires the greatest attention in infant nutrition?

A) vitamin K
B) folate
C) iron
D) vitamin B₁₂

Question 80

How many calories per kilogram of body weight per day are required by infants?

A) 50 calories
B) 75 calories
C) 100 calories
D) 125 calories