Deck 11: Diet and Health

Question 1

Which of the following is among the effects of protein-energy malnutrition on the body's defense system?

A) increased antibody secretion
B) reduced number of immune cells
C) thicker skin,with more connective tissue
D) increased size of immune system organs

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Individuals with hypertension should consume foods rich in which of the following?

A) calcium
B) potassium
C) folate
D) magnesium

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of hypertension?

A) smoking
B) genes
C) overexercise
D) gender

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Blood cholesterol and the rate of death from heart disease are low when fish,fruits,and vegetables are eaten in abundance and dietary fat consists mostly of which of the following kind of fats?

A) trans fats
B) omega-6 fats
C) saturated fats
D) unsaturated fats

Question 5

What is the most important factor in maintaining the best possible immune system support?

A) herbal remedies
B) phytochemicals
C) nutrient supplements
D) adequate nutrition

Question 6

On average,consumers now eat how many hamburger meals per week?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 7

In men,aging becomes a significant risk factor for heart disease at what age?

A) 30
B) 35
C) 40
D) 45

Question 8

What is the name for a blood clot that dislodges and travels throughout the blood vessels?

A) aneurysm
B) thrombus
C) plaque
D) embolus

Question 9

Which of the following would be considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

A) triglycerides less than 1.5 mmol/L
B) high-density lipoproteins (HDL)higher than 1.55 mmol/L
C) low-density lipoproteins (LDL)5.0 mmol/L or higher
D) total blood cholesterol below 4.14 mmol/L

Question 10

What is the ideal resting blood pressure?

A) 100 over 70 or lower
B) 110 over 75 or lower
C) 120 over 80 or lower
D) 140 over 90 or lower

Question 11

Alcohol intake is associated with higher rates of which of the following cancers?

A) cancer of the mouth
B) stomach cancer
C) cancer of the prostate
D) lung cancer

Question 12

According to Health Canada,the percentage of calories from total fat in the diet should NOT be more than what?

A) 20%
B) 25%
C) 30%
D) 35%

Question 13

High levels of which of the following are associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

A) high-density lipoproteins (HDL)
B) triglycerides
C) total cholesterol
D) low-density lipoproteins (LDL)

Question 14

Which of the following groups has a higher rate of salt-sensitive individuals?

A) people under 50 years of age
B) children
C) people with thyroid disease
D) African Canadians

Question 15

Which of the following must be given particularly careful attention when feeding a person with AIDS?

A) food safety
B) small frequent snacks
C) Canada's Food Guide recommendations
D) soft foods

Question 16

According to laboratory studies,high dietary amounts of which of the following substances promote cancer?

A) salt
B) alcohol
C) calories
D) calcium

Question 17

According to population studies,which of the following is correlated with low cancer rates?

A) high fat intakes
B) low unsaturated fat intakes
C) low whole grain intakes
D) high vegetable intakes

Question 18

Which of the following dietary factors protects against cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

A) insoluble fibre
B) low carbohydrate
C) omega-3 fatty acids
D) coconut oil

Question 19

What does the Canadian "Reach for It" program encourage people to do?

A) consume more fatty fish
B) consume enough whole grains
C) consume enough legumes
D) consume enough fruits and vegetables

Question 20

Which of the following is defined by Health Canada as "similar in appearance to,or may be,a conventional food that is consumed as part of a usual diet and is demonstrated to have physiological benefits and/or reduce the risk of chronic disease beyond basic nutritional functions"?

A) heart-healthy foods
B) functional foods
C) neutraceutical foods
D) anti-carcinogenic foods

Question 21

Jeff is a 54-year-old male who is 1.68 metres in height,weighs 74 kilograms,and has hypertension.What is the single most effective dietary measure Jeff can take to reduce his blood pressure?

A) increase his intake of potassium
B) consume adequate calcium
C) reduce his weight
D) decrease his intake of sodium

Question 22

You have a friend with AIDS,and you are trying to support his nutrition status.Which of the following would you do?

A) cook a lot of food in advance and leave it out for your friend
B) encourage consumption of megadoses of nutrient supplements
C) cook foods thoroughly and maintain cleanliness
D) offer large,frequent meals

Question 23

Which of the following individuals is at highest risk for developing hypertension?

A) Bill,a 45-year-old man of European descent who is a vegetarian
B) Jill,a 50-year-old woman of Asian descent who consumes a diet relatively high in sodium
C) Jack,a 40-year-old African American man whose parents had hypertension
D) Susie,a 30-year-old woman who is slightly overweight

Question 24

Which of the following minimizes risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

A) consuming more red meat
B) lowering cholesterol intake
C) consuming less fruits and whole grains
D) stir-frying all of your vegetables

Question 25

What percentage of Canadians between the ages of 18 and 70 is affected by chronic high blood pressure?

A) 10%
B) 15%
C) 22%
D) 25%

Question 26

Sandy's grandfather suffered from a blood clot that lodged itself in an artery in his brain.The clot severely damaged the brain tissue.What is the name for this condition?

A) a myocardial infarction
B) an embolism
C) a stroke
D) a cerebral vascular accident

Question 27

Which of the following is a functional food component?

A) benzene
B) omega-6 fatty acids
C) pyridoxine
D) lycopene

Question 28

Which of the following is a cruciferous vegetable?

A) green onions
B) carrots
C) spinach
D) rutabaga

Question 29

Which of the following is a characteristic of an atherogenic diet?

A) It is high in omega-3 fatty acids.
B) It is high in polyunsaturated fats.
C) It is high in trans fats.
D) It is high in monounsaturated fats.

Question 30

Which of the following steps would you take to control your risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

A) substitute red meat for poultry twice a week
B) consume high levels of complex carbohydrates and fibre
C) add a multi-vitamin/mineral supplement
D) use margarine in the place of olive oil

Question 31

Saturated fat should NOT account for more than what percentage of calories in the diets of people living in Canada and the United States?

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 20%
D) 30%

Question 32

Which of the following nutrients plays a special role with respect to cervical and colon cancer?

A) vitamin E
B) vitamin C
C) folate
D) beta-carotene

Question 33

What is the name for the deadly cluster of cardiovascular disease (CVD)conditions that includes insulin resistance and central obesity?

A) Raynaud's syndrome
B) metabolism syndrome
C) metabolic syndrome
D) Marfan syndrome

Question 34

Trans fatty acids are classified with which of the following types of fats for the purposes of dietary recommendations to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

A) unsaturated fats
B) saturated fats
C) monounsaturated fats
D) polyunsaturated fats

Question 35

The metabolic syndrome greatly increases a person's risk of developing which of the following conditions?

A) cancer
B) AIDS
C) cardiovascular disease (CVD)
D) hypertension

Question 36

To help prevent hypertension,people should limit their sodium intake to how many milligrams?

A) 2,000 milligrams
B) 2,200 milligrams
C) 2,300 milligrams
D) 2,600 milligrams

Question 37

Which of the following may have a protective effect against colon cancer?

A) folate
B) magnesium
C) potassium
D) calcium

Question 38

What is the best action you can take to decrease your risk of cancer?

A) limit foods that are grilled,smoked,and charbroiled
B) consume a diet moderate in fat
C) eat a wide variety of vegetables and fruits in generous quantities every day
D) take vitamin supplements

Question 39

Which of the following terms is used to describe the spreading of cancer cells via the blood and lymph?

A) free-radical production
B) initiation
C) metastasis
D) carcinogenesis

Question 40

Which of the following is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

A) diastolic blood pressure of 80
B) high-density lipoprotein (HDL)cholesterol of less than 2.0 mmol/L
C) body mass index (BMI)of greater than 25
D) low-density lipoprotein (LDL)cholesterol of greater than 3.0 mmol/L

Question 41

What is the name for the byproduct that potatoes and other carbohydrate-rich foods develop during high-temperature cooking?

A) acetaldehyde
B) acrylamide
C) acetyl alcohol
D) acetone

Question 42

What is the name for a stationary blood clot that blocks a blood vessel?

A) aneurism
B) embolism
C) thrombus
D) atherosclerosis

Question 43

Heart-healthy diets are low in which of the following nutrients?

A) cholesterol
B) carbohydrate
C) protein
D) saturated fat

Question 44

According to the World Health Organization and Health Canada,people should limit their daily cholesterol intake to what?

A) 75 milligrams
B) 150 milligrams
C) 250 milligrams
D) 300 milligrams

Question 45

What is the name for the white blood cells that engulf and remove bacteria and help to destroy tumourous cells?

A) neutrophils
B) basophages
C) macrophages
D) eosinophils

Question 46

What is the name for compounds that might have a positive effect on cancers,such as the fibre found in cruciferous vegetables (cabbage and broccoli)?

A) lipid oxidizers
B) vitamin precursors
C) phytochemicals
D) oxygen-retarding agents

Question 47

What carries cholesterol away from the cells to the liver for other uses or for disposal?

A) low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
B) high-density lipoproteins (HDL)
C) vitamin C
D) plaque

Question 48

Which of the following groups is likely to be caught in the downward spiral of malnutrition and weakened immunity?

A) vegetarians
B) middle-aged individuals
C) athletes
D) people who restrict their food intake

Question 49

Which of the following is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome?

A) low fasting blood glucose or insulin resistance
B) low blood (HDL)cholesterol
C) pear-shaped fat distribution
D) hypertension

Question 50

With regard to heart disease,which of the following is a particular concern for women?

A) On average,women with heart disease have fewer complications than men.
B) On average,women get heart disease as frequently as men.
C) On average,women experience more noticeable symptoms of cardiovascular disease than men.
D) On average,more women die of cardiovascular disease than men.

Question 51

Which of the following may have a negative effect on blood pressure?

A) magnesium
B) alcohol
C) calcium
D) vitamin C

Question 52

Today's meals are most often determined by which of the following?

A) foods that are expensive and sometimes nutritious
B) foods that are readily available
C) foods that are more nutritious
D) foods that are complex in preparation

Question 53

High blood pressure damages the blood vessel walls,which results in which of the following?

A) heart disease
B) stroke
C) the formation of plaque
D) aneurysm

Question 54

What do levels of high-density lipoproteins tell us about a person's health?

A) HDLs are associated with underweight.
B) HDLs are highly predictive of cancer.
C) HDLs are only a small predictor for heart disease.
D) HDLs are highly predictive of heart disease.

Question 55

What is the reason for the formation of plaque that accumulates in the artery walls?

A) It is an autoimmune response.
B) It is an inflammatory response.
C) It is the result of high monounsaturated fat intake.
D) It is the result of high blood pressure.

Question 56

People with which of the following diseases may be more susceptible to potential heart damage?

A) diabetes
B) osteoporosis
C) cancer
D) AIDS

Question 57

Which of the following foods assists in fighting the clot formation actions of platelets?

A) fatty fish,such as salmon
B) oils,such as palm kernel oil
C) citrus fruit,such as grapefruit
D) whole grains,such as whole-wheat bread

Question 58

Which of the following is among the most preventable risk factors associated with cardiac disease?

A) exercise
B) obesity
C) smoking
D) alcohol

Question 59

Which of the following is strongly associated with higher rates of cancers of the head and neck?

A) alcohol use
B) body fatness
C) low intakes of orange and red fruits and vegetables
D) high intakes of non-starchy vegetables

Question 60

Which of the following is characteristic of an obesity-promoting environment?

A) increased exposure to advertising
B) a sedentary lifestyle
C) consumption of whole grains
D) cooking whole foods instead of convenience foods

Question 61

Which of the following would be an appropriate diet for a patient who recently had a heart attack?

A) a 1,500-calorie diet of soft foods that are low in sodium
B) a 2,000-calorie diet that is low in fat and high in fibre
C) small portions of foods that are low in sodium,saturated fat,and cholesterol
D) whatever he/she requests as long as it is low in sodium

Question 62

A thrombus is a stationary blood clot.

Question 63

Which of the following herbs is in the "could be hazardous" category?

A) echinacea
B) pennyroyal
C) sassafras
D) valerian

Question 64

Excess calories from carbohydrates,protein,and fat all raise cancer rates.

Question 65

Thirty minutes of light,balanced exercise,performed at intervals throughout the day,can improve the odds against heart disease.

Question 66

Cardiovascular disease (CVD)is a man's disease.

Question 67

Describe dietary and other factors for reducing risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Question 68

Degenerative diseases are the only type of diseases that afflict people in developed countries.

Question 69

A deficiency or toxicity of even a single nutrient can weaken the body's defenses considerably.

Question 70

Which of the following herbs is in the "hazard undefined" category?

A) lobelia
B) feverfew
C) hemlock
D) belladonna

Question 71

How would you decide whether certain diet recommendations are especially important to decrease your risk of degenerative diseases?

Question 72

What percentage range of total cancers is influenced by diet?

A) 5-7%
B) 8-15%
C) 20-50%
D) 30-60%

Question 73

Metabolic syndrome approaches the power of high levels of high-density lipoprotein (LDL)cholesterol in raising the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Question 74

Constituents in foods may be cancer-causing,cancer-promoting,or protective against cancer.

Question 75

In food-related businesses,the strategy of offering more food for even a little more money at each selling opportunity pays off in greater profits.

Question 76

What does DASH stand for?

A) Diet Achieves Superior Hypertension
B) Dietary Assistance Subdues Hypertension
C) Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
D) Decreased Alcohol Stops Hypertension

Question 77

Degenerative diseases are often referred to as chronic diseases.

Question 78

The risk of cancer rises with body mass index (BMI).

Question 79

Describe the effects that protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)has on the various immune-system organs and tissues.

Question 80

What type of cancer has been associated with a diet high in salted and salt-preserved foods?

A) stomach
B) bladder
C) lung
D) breast