Deck 3: The Remarkable Body

Question 1

The first principle of diet planning is that the foods we choose must provide energy along with which of the following essential nutrients?

A) oxygen
B) carbon dioxide
C) fuel
D) water

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which cells release antibodies into the bloodstream to fight infection?

A) T-cells
B) S-cells
C) A-cells
D) B-cells

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following determines the nature of the cell's work?

A) genes
B) mutations
C) red blood cells
D) organs

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following hormones is thought to be a "hunger hormone"?

A) gastrointestinal hormone
B) gastrin
C) grehlin
D) glucagon

Question 5

Which of the following provides the digestive tract with the bulk against which the muscles of the colon can work?

A) water
B) fibre
C) nutrients
D) energy

Question 6

Which of the following is released by the pancreas in response to a high concentration of blood sugar (glucose)?

A) insulin
B) gastrin
C) secretin
D) glucagon

Question 7

The sensation of hunger in the mind is triggered by which of the following?

A) taste buds
B) brain
C) nose
D) pancreas

Question 8

Which of the following is one of the cells' most basic needs along with the oxygen necessary to burn it?

A) alcohol
B) energy
C) proteins
D) fats

Question 9

What is the primary organ of digestion and absorption?

A) mouth
B) small intestine
C) large intestine
D) stomach

Question 10

The liver converts excess energy-containing nutrients into what?

A) water
B) protein
C) fibre
D) glycogen

Question 11

Which of the following secretes hormones and releases them into the blood?

A) antigens
B) enzymes
C) antibodies
D) glands

Question 12

What coordinates the nervous system's role in hunger regulation?

A) hormones
B) neurotransmitters
C) spinal cord
D) brain

Question 13

Which of the following is the first to defend the body tissues against invaders?

A) phagocytes
B) T-cells
C) antigens
D) B-cells

Question 14

On average,how often do the cells lining the digestive tract replace themselves?

A) every 3 days
B) every 2 weeks
C) every 4 months
D) every 12 months

Question 15

Which of the following occurs as part of the stress response?

A) The liver releases glucose from its stores.
B) The muscles relax.
C) The digestive system slows down.
D) The blood pressure decreases.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes cells?

A) the basis of the body's design
B) building blocks of the body
C) the vital components of foods
D) self-contained living entities

Question 17

Which of the following fluids moves from the bloodstream into tissue spaces?

A) blood
B) lymph
C) plasma
D) intracellular fluid

Question 18

How long does it take for the liver's glycogen supply to be depleted if it is not replenished by food?

A) 1-3 hours
B) 3-6 hours
C) 4-8 hours
D) 6-9 hours

Question 19

Which one of the following organs chemically alters materials so that they can be used by other tissues?

A) gallbladder
B) small intestine
C) kidneys
D) liver

Question 20

Which of the following is a type of cell that ingests and destroys antigens?

A) leukocytes
B) monocytes
C) phagocytes
D) lymphocytes

Question 21

Which of the following types of cells do NOT reproduce and are lost forever if damaged by injury or disease?

A) red blood cells
B) muscle cells
C) brain cells
D) skin cells

Question 22

Which of the following restores sobriety in someone who has been drinking alcohol?

A) drinking coffee
B) eating food
C) walking
D) time

Question 23

You have just consumed a meal very high in fat.As a result,hormones cause the release of what substance in amounts coordinated with the amount of fat present?

A) mucus
B) hydrochloric acid
C) bile
D) bicarbonate

Question 24

Which of the following foods should you consume several times throughout the day?

A) fat-containing foods
B) mineral-rich foods
C) vitamin-rich foods
D) carbohydrate-containing foods

Question 25

Which of the following statements about the timing of meals is the most accurate?

A) Timing of meals is important to feeling well.
B) Timing of meals is important because the digestive tract is unable to digest foods at certain times.
C) A meal should be consumed immediately before exercise to enhance physical work.
D) Eating a meal late at night is desirable because it facilitates sleep.

Question 26

How is it that a person can eat when hunger is absent?

A) The stomach intensifies its contractions and creates hunger pangs.
B) The conscious mind of the cortex can override body signals.
C) The digestive tract sends messages to the hypothalamus.
D) The hypothalamus anticipates the availability of nutrients.

Question 27

Which of the following is likely to make a person intoxicated almost immediately when drinking alcoholic beverages?

A) The drink is not diluted with water.
B) Carbohydrate snacks are consumed at the same time.
C) Drinks are consumed quickly.
D) The stomach is empty.

Question 28

What should you do to alleviate heartburn?

A) Drink liquids during meals.
B) Wear tight clothing.
C) Eat smaller meals.
D) Lie down after meals.

Question 29

Which of the following cells replace themselves whenever repairs to the organ are required?

A) liver
B) heart
C) brain
D) red blood

Question 30

What is the major role of the process known as peristalsis?

A) making chyme
B) pushing food through the digestive tract
C) helping nutrients pass into the lymph system
D) reabsorbing water

Question 31

Which of the following organs makes almost all of the body's alcohol-processing machinery?

A) spleen
B) stomach
C) pancreas
D) liver

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT considered one alcoholic drink?

A) One 1.5 oz shotglass of spirits (about 45 mL)
B) One glass of wine (about 250 mL)
C) One bottle of wine cooler (about 300 mL)
D) One bottle of 10% beer (about 360 mL)

Question 33

As a child becomes malnourished,the absorptive surface of the small intestine responds in which of the following ways?

A) It increases in size.
B) It becomes more efficient at its job.
C) It decreases in size.
D) It stays the same size.

Question 34

Most people have an aversion to which of the following tastes?

A) fatty
B) bitter
C) salty
D) sweet

Question 35

How does alcohol affect body functions?

A) It strengthens the body's defences against infection.
B) It slows down the synthesis of fatty acids.
C) It alters amino acid metabolism.
D) It causes symptoms like those of cystic fibrosis.

Question 36

Which of the following poses a formidable obstacle to a successful organ transplant?

A) antibodies
B) T-cells
C) B-cells
D) phagocytes

Question 37

Jordy suffers from a disease in which his helper T-cells are attacked and destroyed.What is the name of this disease?

A) cystic fibrosis
B) AIDS
C) muscular dystrophy
D) diabetes

Question 38

Chemical digestion begins in what part of the body?

A) stomach
B) mouth
C) liver
D) small intestine

Question 39

The stomach's main function is the digestion of what nutrient?

A) carbohydrate
B) fat
C) fibre
D) protein

Question 40

Which of the following recommendations would you make to a friend suffering from constipation?

A) Take a laxative.
B) Drink enough water.
C) Eat larger meals.
D) Consume foods with adequate carbohydrate.

Question 41

The pancreas performs which of the following functions?

A) It manufactures enzymes to digest all energy yielding nutrients.
B) It adds acid and fluid to the large intestine.
C) It reabsorbs water and minerals.
D) It conducts bile to the small intestine.

Question 42

MATCHING
Match the digestive organs with their appropriate functions.
a.manufacturers bile to help digest fats
b.conducts bile into the small intestine
c.opens to allow elimination
d.churns,mixes,and grinds food to liquid mass
e.reabsorbs water and minerals
f.stores bile until needed
g.passes food to the stomach
h.manufactures enzymes to digest all energy-yielding nutrients
i.chews and mixes food with saliva
j.stores waste prior to elimination
k.secretes enzymes that digest carbohydrate,fat,and protein
mouth

Question 43

Which of the following is a long-term effect of alcohol?

A) osteoporosis
B) weight loss
C) improved vision
D) improved memory and concentration

Question 44

Some vitamins are stored in the body without limit,even if they reach toxic levels.

Question 45

What is the common name for the burning sensation in the chest area caused by backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus?

A) hernia
B) hiccups
C) ulcer
D) heartburn

Question 46

The body stores some nutrients in much smaller quantities than other nutrients.

Question 47

What is the name for the part of the brain that senses a variety of conditions in the blood,such as glucose content and salt content?

A) cerebrum
B) pituitary gland
C) hypothalamus
D) frontal lobe

Question 48

What are the recommended limits for the consumption of alcohol for the average-sized healthy man and woman?

A) 14 drinks for a man and 9 drinks for a woman
B) 15 drinks for a man and 9 drinks for a woman
C) 16 drinks for a man and 9 drinks for a woman
D) 16 drinks for a man and 10 drinks for a woman

Question 49

MATCHING
Match the digestive organs with their appropriate functions.
a.manufacturers bile to help digest fats
b.conducts bile into the small intestine
c.opens to allow elimination
d.churns,mixes,and grinds food to liquid mass
e.reabsorbs water and minerals
f.stores bile until needed
g.passes food to the stomach
h.manufactures enzymes to digest all energy-yielding nutrients
i.chews and mixes food with saliva
j.stores waste prior to elimination
k.secretes enzymes that digest carbohydrate,fat,and protein
small intestine

Question 50

Body fluids provide tissues with a continuous supply of energy,oxygen,and nutrients,including water.

Question 51

MATCHING
Match the digestive organs with their appropriate functions.
a.manufacturers bile to help digest fats
b.conducts bile into the small intestine
c.opens to allow elimination
d.churns,mixes,and grinds food to liquid mass
e.reabsorbs water and minerals
f.stores bile until needed
g.passes food to the stomach
h.manufactures enzymes to digest all energy-yielding nutrients
i.chews and mixes food with saliva
j.stores waste prior to elimination
k.secretes enzymes that digest carbohydrate,fat,and protein
stomach

Question 52

What is the name for the hormone that is secreted when blood glucose is high?

A) epinephrine
B) insulin
C) glucagon
D) thyroxin

Question 53

MATCHING
Match the digestive organs with their appropriate functions.
a.manufacturers bile to help digest fats
b.conducts bile into the small intestine
c.opens to allow elimination
d.churns,mixes,and grinds food to liquid mass
e.reabsorbs water and minerals
f.stores bile until needed
g.passes food to the stomach
h.manufactures enzymes to digest all energy-yielding nutrients
i.chews and mixes food with saliva
j.stores waste prior to elimination
k.secretes enzymes that digest carbohydrate,fat,and protein
gallbladder

Question 54

Alcohol yields how many calories per gram?

A) 4
B) 5
C) 7
D) 9

Question 55

MATCHING
Match the digestive organs with their appropriate functions.
a.manufacturers bile to help digest fats
b.conducts bile into the small intestine
c.opens to allow elimination
d.churns,mixes,and grinds food to liquid mass
e.reabsorbs water and minerals
f.stores bile until needed
g.passes food to the stomach
h.manufactures enzymes to digest all energy-yielding nutrients
i.chews and mixes food with saliva
j.stores waste prior to elimination
k.secretes enzymes that digest carbohydrate,fat,and protein
rectum

Question 56

Timing of meals is important because the digestive tract is unable to digest food at certain times.

Question 57

What is the name for the hormone that signals the pancreas to release pancreatic juice containing the alkaline compound bicarbonate?

A) pepsin
B) proteases
C) secretin
D) cholecystokinin

Question 58

Cells form tissues that perform specialized tasks.Tissues are grouped together to form whole organs.

Question 59

Chewing food for an extended time provides additional advantages to digestion.

Question 60

According to Nutrition Recommendations for Canadians,on a daily basis,a person should NOT ingest more than what percentage of their total energy as alcohol?

A) 1%
B) 2%
C) 5%
D) 10%

Question 61

How would you respond to a friend's statement that people should not consume fruit and meat at the same meal?

Question 62

Describe what happens to digestion and absorption in cases of severe undernutrition.

Question 63

MATCHING
Match the digestive organs with their appropriate functions.
a.manufacturers bile to help digest fats
b.conducts bile into the small intestine
c.opens to allow elimination
d.churns,mixes,and grinds food to liquid mass
e.reabsorbs water and minerals
f.stores bile until needed
g.passes food to the stomach
h.manufactures enzymes to digest all energy-yielding nutrients
i.chews and mixes food with saliva
j.stores waste prior to elimination
k.secretes enzymes that digest carbohydrate,fat,and protein
anus

Question 64

What is MEOS?

Question 65

MATCHING
Match the digestive organs with their appropriate functions.
a.manufacturers bile to help digest fats
b.conducts bile into the small intestine
c.opens to allow elimination
d.churns,mixes,and grinds food to liquid mass
e.reabsorbs water and minerals
f.stores bile until needed
g.passes food to the stomach
h.manufactures enzymes to digest all energy-yielding nutrients
i.chews and mixes food with saliva
j.stores waste prior to elimination
k.secretes enzymes that digest carbohydrate,fat,and protein
Describe how hormones affect nutrition.

Question 66

MATCHING
Match the digestive organs with their appropriate functions.
a.manufacturers bile to help digest fats
b.conducts bile into the small intestine
c.opens to allow elimination
d.churns,mixes,and grinds food to liquid mass
e.reabsorbs water and minerals
f.stores bile until needed
g.passes food to the stomach
h.manufactures enzymes to digest all energy-yielding nutrients
i.chews and mixes food with saliva
j.stores waste prior to elimination
k.secretes enzymes that digest carbohydrate,fat,and protein
esophagus

Question 67

MATCHING
Match the digestive organs with their appropriate functions.
a.manufacturers bile to help digest fats
b.conducts bile into the small intestine
c.opens to allow elimination
d.churns,mixes,and grinds food to liquid mass
e.reabsorbs water and minerals
f.stores bile until needed
g.passes food to the stomach
h.manufactures enzymes to digest all energy-yielding nutrients
i.chews and mixes food with saliva
j.stores waste prior to elimination
k.secretes enzymes that digest carbohydrate,fat,and protein
liver

Question 68

MATCHING
Match the digestive organs with their appropriate functions.
a.manufacturers bile to help digest fats
b.conducts bile into the small intestine
c.opens to allow elimination
d.churns,mixes,and grinds food to liquid mass
e.reabsorbs water and minerals
f.stores bile until needed
g.passes food to the stomach
h.manufactures enzymes to digest all energy-yielding nutrients
i.chews and mixes food with saliva
j.stores waste prior to elimination
k.secretes enzymes that digest carbohydrate,fat,and protein
large intestine

Question 69

Differentiate between the mechanical and chemical aspects of digestion.

Question 70

MATCHING
Match the digestive organs with their appropriate functions.
a.manufacturers bile to help digest fats
b.conducts bile into the small intestine
c.opens to allow elimination
d.churns,mixes,and grinds food to liquid mass
e.reabsorbs water and minerals
f.stores bile until needed
g.passes food to the stomach
h.manufactures enzymes to digest all energy-yielding nutrients
i.chews and mixes food with saliva
j.stores waste prior to elimination
k.secretes enzymes that digest carbohydrate,fat,and protein
pancreas

Question 71

Explain why sources of carbohydrate should be consumed at intervals throughout the day.

Question 72

What advice would you give to someone interested in improving her appetite with alcohol?

Question 73

Briefly describe the actions of the body's phagocytes and lymphocytes.

Question 74

What is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

Question 75

Describe what happens during the stress response and the possible consequences for people living in the modern world.

Question 76

Explain how hiccups develop.

Question 77

Explain why nutrient deficiencies are an inevitable consequence of alcohol abuse.