Deck 13: Social and Emotional Development in Middle Childhood

Question 1

Which gifted student's self-esteem is most likely to suffer if she is placed in a class for gifted students?

A)Blythe, who is very intent on mastering challenging academic material
B)Stacey, who values being at the top of the class
C)Holly, whose gifted classroom emphasizes individualized work
D)Blythe, Stacey, and Holly are equally likely to suffer a drop in self-esteem

Answer 1

Stacey, who values being at the top of the class

Question 2

On the Self-Perception Profile for Children, children's overall self-worth is determined by

A)calculating the average of their ratings on the five domains.
B)their scores on six items that are not included on the five domains.
C)their lowest score on the five domains.
D)their highest score on the five domains.

Answer 2

their scores on six items that are not included on the five domains.

Question 3

During the elementary school years,

A)self-esteem reaches its peak.
B)self-esteem becomes less differentiated.
C)children become less likely to compare themselves with peers.
D)self-esteem usually drops.

Answer 3

self-esteem usually drops.

Question 4

Who is likely to have the lowest self-esteem?

A)Darrin, whose parents don't set rules
B)Donald, whose parents discuss their rules with him
C)Stephen, whose parents are affectionate toward him
D)Troy, whose parents are involved in his extra-curricular activities

Question 5

Harter's Self-Perception Profile for Children is used to measure

A)empathy.
B)self-esteem.
C)altruism.
D)prosocial behaviour.

Question 6

Children are more likely to have higher levels of self-esteem if

A)they do not participate in extracurricular activities.
B)their parents do not set rules for them.
C)the school environment is nurturing.
D)their parents do not discuss rules and discipline with them.

Question 7

Jeffrey dreads going to school because even though he's smart enough to do the schoolwork, he often gets in trouble with the teacher for talking too much or doing other things he's not supposed to. Jeffrey's self-worth is low in the domain of

A)scholastic competence.
B)social acceptance.
C)behavioural conduct.
D)physical appearance.

Question 8

Academic self-esteem is highest in gifted children who

A)are in special classrooms for gifted children.
B)are in classrooms for gifted children and who value being at the top of the class.
C)are in classrooms for gifted children where common assignments and comparative evaluations are made.
D)are in regular classrooms.

Question 9

Harter's Self-Perception Profile for Children measures self-esteem in all of the following domains except

A)emotional stability.
B)physical appearance.
C)behavioural conduct.
D)social acceptance.

Question 10

How popular a child feels in social interactions with peers is called

A)scholastic competence.
B)athletic competence.
C)social acceptance.
D)behavioural conduct.

Question 11

Which factor accounts for some of the decrease in self-esteem seen during the elementary school years?

A)parents setting more rules
B)children beginning to compare themselves with peers
C)teachers becoming more involved with students
D)a school emphasis on individualized instruction

Question 12

During the elementary school years,

A)children are less likely to compare themselves to peers than during the preschool years.
B)self-esteem becomes more differentiated than during the preschool years.
C)self-esteem shows large increases compared to the preschool years.
D)girls' self-esteem drops more than boys'.

Question 13

What advice would you give teachers to help them enhance their students' self-esteem?

A)Don't expect children to work to the best of their ability.
B)Show interest in your students' progress.
C)Discourage children from participating in extracurricular activities.
D)Don't listen to most of what your students say to you.

Question 14

When gifted students are placed in special classes for gifted students, their self-esteem

A)often decreases.
B)often increases.
C)is not affected.
D)usually changes, but may either increase or decrease.

Question 15

An individual's self-esteem

A)becomes more differentiated with age.
B)tends to be at similar levels across different domains.
C)is usually highest during the high school years.
D)is not affected by how others view them.

Question 16

Scholastic competence is a measure of how

A)popular or accepted the child feels in social interactions with peers.
B)adequate the child feels about behaving the way one is supposed to.
C)competent the child feels at sports and games requiring physical skill or athletic ability.
D)competent or smart the child feels in doing schoolwork.

Question 17

Hunter is eager to try any sport and feels that he's pretty good at most of them. Mason doesn't enjoy any sports, mainly because he doesn't think he's very good at them. Hunter's and Mason's evaluations of self-worth are different in the domain of

A)scholastic competence.
B)behavioural conduct.
C)physical appearance.
D)athletic competence.

Question 18

Courtney loves the way she looks, especially her long, thick hair and big, dark brown eyes. Courtney's self-worth is high in the domain of

A)athletic competence.
B)physical appearance.
C)social acceptance.
D)behavioural conduct.

Question 19

Anne participates in a study in which she is asked how much statements such as "I'm very good at schoolwork" and "I find it very easy to make friends" apply to her. The study involves measuring

A)altruism.
B)prosocial behaviour.
C)self-esteem.
D)empathy.

Question 20

Who is likely to have the highest self-esteem?

A)John, who works hard in school
B)David, who has trouble getting along with his peers
C)Dustin, who doesn't participate in extracurricular activities
D)James, who often has disciplinary problems

Question 21

Interracial friendships

A)are more common when school classes are large.
B)occur more often when children attend segregated schools.
C)are more common when they are encouraged by teachers.
D)usually are confined to school when children's neighbourhoods are segregated.

Question 22

Class opinion is split about Shannon. Some of her classmates really like her, but others can't stand her. Shannon would be considered

A)rejected.
B)average.
C)popular.
D)controversial.

Question 23

Dominic is well-liked by many of his classmates. Dominic would best be described as

A)average.
B)controversial.
C)popular.
D)neglected.

Question 24

Elly is an African Canadian girl who is 8 years old. Who is most likely to be her friend?

A)John, an African Canadian boy who is 10 years old
B)Leah, an Asian Canadian girl who is 8 years old
C)Sholonda, an African Canadian girl who is 8 years old
D)Lafon, an African Canadian girl who is 10 years old

Question 25

Having good friends is associated with

A)lower rates of depression.
B)low self-esteem.
C)greater difficulty coping with stressful situations.
D)lower rates of prosocial behaviour.

Question 26

Jennifer and Mike are concerned because their son Stephen has developed friendships only with other European American boys like himself. They would like him to have a more diverse group of friends. What could they do to make it more likely that he would develop interracial friendships?

A)Move to an integrated neighbourhood in a school district where classes are small and contain children from different ethnic groups.
B)Move to an integrated neighbourhood in a school district where classes are large and contain children from different ethnic groups.
C)Move to a segregated neighbourhood in a school district where classes are small and contain children from different ethnic groups.
D)Move to a segregated neighbourhood in a school district where classes are large and contain children from different ethnic groups.

Question 27

________ children are disliked by many classmates.

A)Popular
B)Rejected
C)Controversial
D)Neglected

Question 28

________ and ________ are the most common activities that elementary school-aged children engage in when spending time with peers.

A)Noncontact sports; academic activities
B)Conversing; hanging out
C)TV/records; telephone
D)Physical games; acting silly

Question 29

Children typically choose children who are ________ to be their friends.

A)older than they are
B)younger than they are
C)the opposite of themselves
D)like themselves

Question 30

Compared to children who lack friends, children with good friends

A)have higher self-esteem.
B)are more likely to be depressed.
C)are more likely to be lonely.
D)are less willing to share and co-operate with others.

Question 31

One of the key reasons why children get along better with peers during the elementary school years than they did during the preschool years is that they now understand that others see the world differently than they do. That is, they have gotten better at

A)perspective-taking.
B)empathy.
C)altruism.
D)prejudice.

Question 32

Children with both same- and opposite-sex friendships tend to

A)be boys.
B)be girls.
C)be very well adjusted.
D)be socially unskilled.

Question 33

During the elementary school years, children begin to understand that perspectives differ because people have access to different information; also, they become able to see themselves as other people see them. These changes in perspective-taking ability

A)lead to improvements in peer relations.
B)cause a worsening of peer relations.
C)lead to improvements in peer relations in girls and a worsening of peer relations in boys.
D)have no significant impact on peer relations.

Question 34

Because Danielle, an elementary school student, has low self-esteem, she is

A)likely to get along well with peers.
B)unlikely to become depressed.
C)unlikely to exhibit antisocial behaviour.
D)at risk for many developmental problems.

Question 35

During the elementary school years,

A)peer relations involve more conflicts than they did during the preschool years.
B)friends usually spend the most time together participating in sports and academic activities.
C)children spend more time with peers under direct supervision from adults than during the preschool years.
D)peers often engage in rough-and-tumble play.

Question 36

Selman's perspective-taking theory is based on assumptions from ________ theory.

A)Piaget's
B)Vygotsky's
C)psychodynamic
D)social learning

Question 37

________ is a voluntary relationship between two people involving mutual liking.

A)Altruism
B)Prosocial behaviour
C)Aggression
D)Friendship

Question 38

John is an Asian Canadian male who is interested in cars, plays tennis, and does well in school. Who is most likely to be his friend?

A)Julio, an Hispanic Canadian male who plays tennis and gets good grades in school
B)Julie, an Asian Canadian female who doesn't do well in school
C)Jules, a European Canadian male who loves cars and does well in school
D)Julius, an Asian Canadian male who likes cars and tennis

Question 39

Compared to other children, children with low self-esteem

A)are likely to have good relations with peers.
B)are more prone to psychological disorders such as depression.
C)are less likely to be involved in antisocial behaviour.
D)are more likely to do well in school.

Question 40

Lon's parents are worried about him because he doesn't seem to have any good friends. What could you tell them about children without friends?

A)Having friends doesn't have any significant benefits other than occasionally keeping children from being lonely.
B)Children without friends are the same as children with friends in terms of being co-operative and sharing with others.
C)Children without friends have a harder time dealing with life stresses.
D)Children without friends usually have high self-esteem.

Question 41

Rejected children

A)often have parents who model effective social skills.
B)often have parents who are inconsistent in their discipline.
C)often have effective social skills but are rejected for other reasons.
D)are rejected because they are smarter than their classmates.

Question 42

________ is a typically negative view of others based on their membership in a specific group.

A)Specification
B)Perspective-taking
C)Prejudice
D)Egocentrism

Question 43

Your young neighbour looks up to you as an older, wiser person and asks you what she can do to be popular with other children. You tell her,

A)"Be aggressive."
B)"Be friendly and co-operative."
C)"Don't get good grades in school."
D)"Wait for other children to initiate social interactions."

Question 44

________ children are neither liked nor disliked by classmates.

A)Popular
B)Controversial
C)Average
D)Neglected

Question 45

Prejudice

A)is lowest in preschoolers.
B)increases as children understand that people in social groups are heterogeneous.
C)vanishes in adolescence.
D)decreases with constructive contact with individuals from other social groups.

Question 46

Peer rejection is more common when parents

A)have ineffective social skills.
B)are friendly and co-operative with others.
C)consistently discipline their children.
D)are loving and affectionate with their children.

Question 47

Brandon is a Hispanic Canadian kindergartner. Which of the following traits is he least likely to attribute to members of his own ethnic group?

A)being smart
B)being friendly
C)being mean
D)being good

Question 48

What is the most effective way to reduce prejudice?

A)Increase the amount of constructive contact people have with members of different groups.
B)Decrease the amount of contact people have with members of different groups.
C)Stress the ways in which people in one group are different from people in other groups.
D)Be more like young children in terms of the amount of prejudice towards others.

Question 49

Rachel is a rejected child. When she has a conflict with another child, she is likely to

A)give in to the other child.
B)co-operate with the other child in trying to settle the dispute fairly.
C)become angry and retaliate.
D)become withdrawn and depressed.

Question 50

Popular children are

A)not skilled at initiating social interactions.
B)less skilful at communicating.
C)unskilled at assessing and monitoring their own social impact.
D)better able to tailor their responses to new social situations.

Question 51

Who is most likely to be popular with other children?

A)Allan, who is aggressive
B)Sean, who often breaks rules
C)Darby, who is socially skilled
D)Elana, who has poor self-control

Question 52

Aggressive behaviour is often characteristic of ________ children.

A)popular
B)rejected
C)average
D)neglected

Question 53

Actions that promote harmony in a social group are called ________ behaviours.

A)hedonistic
B)perspective-taking
C)empathic
D)prosocial

Question 54

________ is characteristic of popular children in Canada and in most other cultures around the world.

A)Knowing how to get along with others
B)Being assertive
C)Being direct
D)Being shy

Question 55

In Canada, rejected children are

A)less likely than other children to be aggressive.
B)less disruptive in school.
C)more likely to commit juvenile offenses.
D)less likely than other children to drop out of school.

Question 56

Morison and Masten identified popular and rejected children in grades 3-6 and then assessed their academic achievement, social skill, and self-esteem seven years later. In their follow-up, they found that the popular children were ________ than the rejected children.

A)less competent socially, had lower self-esteem, but were more successful in school
B)more competent socially and in school but were more likely to have low self-esteem
C)more competent socially, had higher self-esteem, but were no more successful in school
D)more competent socially, had higher self-esteem, and were doing better in school

Question 57

Average children are

A)ignored by classmates.
B)liked and disliked by some classmates, but not with a high level of intensity.
C)liked by many classmates.
D)disliked by many classmates.

Question 58

Which of the following is not one of the characteristics usually associated with popular children?

A)aggression
B)intelligence
C)physical attractiveness
D)being socially skilled

Question 59

As a rejected child, Tyler is

A)more likely to drop out of school.
B)likely to do well academically.
C)no more likely than popular children to suffer from psychopathology.
D)more likely to conform to adult standards of behaviour.

Question 60

Morison and Masten measured the long-term impact of peer relationships. In a 7-year follow-up, they found that compared to popular children, rejected children had

A)less social skill but higher academic achievement.
B)less self worth but higher social skill.
C)lower self-esteem and lower academic achievement.
D)higher self-esteem but less social skill.

Question 61

________ is behaviour that is meant to harm others.

A)Assertiveness
B)Aggression
C)Prejudice
D)Altruism

Question 62

Billy often teases and picks fights with other children. Billy is showing

A)assertiveness.
B)prejudice.
C)empathy.
D)aggression.

Question 63

Which child is showing reactive aggression?

A)Ken, who teased and harassed one of his classmates for no apparent reason other than to humiliate him.
B)Joyce, who spread nasty rumours about another girl after she didn't invite Joyce to her birthday party.
C)Kim, who, after losing the election for class president, beat up the newly elected president.
D)Rhett, who pushed and shoved his way to the front of the line to be the first to be able to buy tickets for a popular concert.

Question 64

Which of the following is an example of dispositional praise?

A)"Thanks for letting your sister ride your bike. Because you did, I'll let you ride my bike."
B)"Thanks for giving me this picture you made. I just love the way you used colours!"
C)"Thanks for helping me clean up. You are such a helpful person!"
D)"Thanks for sweeping the front steps. I'll give you a dollar for your work."

Question 65

Aggression that is used to achieve an explicit goal is called

A)instrumental aggression.
B)reactive aggression.
C)relational aggression.
D)bullying.

Question 66

When parents link a child's altruistic behaviour to an underlying altruistic nature, the parents are using

A)reasoning.
B)empathy.
C)perspective-taking.
D)dispositional praise.

Question 67

The ability to appreciate the feelings of another person is called

A)role-taking.
B)egocentrism.
C)altruism.
D)empathy.

Question 68

When Dana heard about an impoverished family not having money to buy food, she decided to donate her allowance to the family, even though she would not get anything in return. Dana's behaviour is best described as

A)co-operative behaviour.
B)prosocial behaviour.
C)altruism.
D)empathy.

Question 69

Which child would be most likely to help others?

A)a child with high levels of perspective-taking
B)a child who uses rewards and punishments as the basis for moral judgments
C)a child who has low levels of empathy
D)a child with high levels of egocentrism

Question 70

Which child would be most likely to act altruistically?

A)a child who does not feel responsible for the person in need
B)a child who believes that there are few costs associated with the act
C)a child who is in a bad mood
D)a child who feels that she doesn't have the skills necessary to help

Question 71

Which of the following statements about aggression is true?

A)Physical aggression increases between childhood and adolescence.
B)Boys and girls exhibit equal amounts of relational aggression.
C)Individual children's tendencies to behave aggressively are moderately stable.
D)Girls are more likely to use physical aggression than verbal aggression.

Question 72

When Julianne saw her mother scurrying to get everything ready for dinner, she said, "Mom, you have so many things to do, what can I do to help?" Julianne's ability to see that her mother's task was burdensome is best described as an example of

A)prosocial behaviour.
B)perspective-taking.
C)empathy.
D)moral reasoning.

Question 73

Leslie wanted to be the first one in the car so she could sit by the window, so she shoved her little sister aside before her little sister could climb in the car. This was an example of

A)bullying.
B)relational aggression.
C)instrumental aggression.
D)reactive aggression.

Question 74

Helping others with no direct benefit to the individual is known as

A)empathy.
B)prosocial behaviour.
C)role-taking.
D)altruism.

Question 75

When one child's behaviour leads to another child's aggression, that aggression is referred to as

A)instrumental aggression.
B)reactive aggression.
C)relational aggression.
D)bullying.

Question 76

Which of the following most accurately describes developmental changes in aggressive behaviour?

A)All forms of aggression become more frequent as children develop.
B)Physical aggression becomes less common as children learn other ways to resolve disputes.
C)Physically aggressive behaviour emerges during the elementary school years.
D)All forms of aggression become more common between the preschool years and adolescence.

Question 77

Assertive behaviour differs from aggressive behaviour in

A)that assertive behaviour is carried out without regard for the rights of others.
B)that assertive behaviour is carried out while respecting the rights of others.
C)that aggressive behaviour is physical while assertive behaviour is verbal.
D)no significant ways.

Question 78

Jasmine tried to break up the friendship between Heather and Lonnie by telling Heather that she had heard Lonnie making fun of her behind her back. What form of aggression did Jasmine use?

A)bullying
B)relational aggression
C)reactive aggression
D)instrumental aggression

Question 79

Parents who use which of the following disciplinary practices are most likely to have children who exhibit more altruistic behaviour?

A)physical punishment
B)reasoning
C)time out
D)rewarding good behaviour

Question 80

When Beth watched a movie where a baby elephant's mother died, she cried because she could feel the baby elephant's loneliness and sorrow. Beth displayed

A)prosocial behaviour.
B)altruism.
C)self control.
D)empathy.