Deck 8: Physical Growth in Preschool Children

Question 1

Bedwetting

A)is common in most 4-year-olds.
B)is usually outgrown by the time children are 6.
C)is more common in girls than boys.
D)in preschool children is a sign of underlying physical or psychological problems.

Answer 1

is usually outgrown by the time children are 6.

Question 2

What are realistic expectations concerning how much a 2-year-old should be able to do to dress herself?

A)completely dress and undress herself
B)fasten buttons
C)take off her clothes when going to the bathroom
D)use zippers but not buttons

Answer 2

use zippers but not buttons

Question 3

In nightmares, children

A)usually appear to wake in a panic and are often breathing rapidly and perspiring heavily.
B)usually don't remember the episode in the morning.
C)have vivid, frightening dreams.
D)often don't respond to parents.

Answer 3

have vivid, frightening dreams.

Question 4

Children typically begin to lose their baby teeth at about

A)1 or 2 years of age.
B)3 or 4 years of age.
C)5 or 6 years of age.
D)7 or 8 years of age.

Question 5

Night terrors

A)seem to be a by-product of waking too rapidly from a deep sleep.
B)are usually remembered by the child in the morning.
C)are usually indicative of an underlying psychological problem in children.
D)are very common in preschoolers.

Question 6

The majority of infants are able to walk by age

A)6 months.
B)9 months.
C)12 months.
D)18 months.

Question 7

According to the Canadian Dental Association, proper dental care

A)doesn't need to begin until all the primary teeth are in place.
B)includes flossing for preschool children.
C)should begin as soon as the first tooth appears.
D)is not necessary for primary teeth since they will be replaced by secondary teeth later.

Question 8

Which child would you expect to dress himself?

A)2-year-old Jacob
B)3-year-old Lance
C)4-year-old Muhammed
D)5-year-old Claude

Question 9

During the preschool years,

A)sleep is important because most growth hormone is secreted while children are sleeping.
B)a regular bedtime routine is not important.
C)sleep patterns include an afternoon nap until most children are 6 years old.
D)bedtime struggles occur on a nightly basis in most children.

Question 10

Children are more likely to go to bed willingly when

A)they don't get in the habit of sleeping with a favourite blanket or stuffed animal.
B)they don't have to go to bed at the same time every night.
C)there is an established bedtime routine.
D)they get tired out by exercising right before bedtime.

Question 11

Children usually stop taking an afternoon nap at about ________ years of age.

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)five

Question 12

In most children,

A)the first tooth appears at about 18 months.
B)all primary teeth have erupted by age 3 years.
C)the first primary tooth is lost around 8 years.
D)the first tooth is usually an upper, front tooth.

Question 13

Most growth hormone is secreted

A)in the morning, right after children wake up.
B)during the afternoon.
C)during the evening.
D)when children are sleeping.

Question 14

When children sleepwalk,

A)it is potentially dangerous because children could hurt themselves.
B)parents should not wake them.
C)it is usually during a period of light sleep.
D)they should be woken up and kept up for a while.

Question 15

Sam is 6 years old. You would expect him to

A)move his legs stiffly, not bending his knees, when he runs.
B)be able to hop a few times on one foot, but not for long distances.
C)throw a ball using just his forearm.
D)use his legs to move to a ball when catching and absorb the force of the ball with his upper body.

Question 16

During the preschool years,

A)the brain grows rapidly.
B)bones are less likely to break because more cartilage turns to bone.
C)body growth is very rapid.
D)body proportions become more top-heavy.

Question 17

The brain of the preschooler

A)has achieved 90% of its mature weight by 3 years.
B)has completed synaptic pruning during the toddler years.
C)has completed hemispheric specialization.
D)is making progress on the myelization of neurons particularly those neurons in the corpus callosum.

Question 18

Typical motor development means that most 2-year-olds

A)use a "hurried walk" rather than a "true run."
B)can use their legs to move to a ball that is thrown at them.
C)step into their throw when throwing a ball.
D)can hop for long distances and can alternate feet while hopping.

Question 19

Growth during the preschool years

A)proceeds at about the same rate it did during infancy.
B)is more rapid than it was during infancy.
C)is slower than it was during infancy.
D)is significantly faster for boys than for girls.

Question 20

Which of the following is true of physical growth during the preschool years?

A)Growth at this time is as rapid as growth during the infant and toddler years.
B)Gender differences in physical development are large during the preschool years.
C)Adult height cannot be predicted from preschool height since growth during the preschool years is so erratic.
D)Preschoolers lose baby fat which makes them appear more slender than infants.

Question 21

Children with asthma

A)cannot participate in most of the activities that their friends do.
B)should avoid things like smoke and pet dander because these might trigger an asthma attack.
C)is very uncommon.
D)is never life-threatening.

Question 22

Which preschool child has a chronic illness?

A)David, who has a cold
B)Neal, who has the flu
C)James, who has a cough
D)John, who has diabetes

Question 23

Parents of preschool children who are picky eaters should

A)allow children to choose from among a number of healthy food choices.
B)not allow children to eat foods in any order that they want because they will fill up on dessert.
C)force children to clean their plates.
D)reward children with dessert if they finish their main course.

Question 24

The leading cause of death for preschoolers in Canada is

A)accidents.
B)cancer.
C)asthma.
D)leukemia.

Question 25

Children usually enter the pictorial stage of drawing where they depict recognizable objects such as plants, people, or animals at about ________ years of age.

A)two
B)three
C)five
D)six

Question 26

Preschoolers should get no more than ________ calories from fat per day.

A)100
B)300
C)500
D)800

Question 27

Left-handedness

A)is associated with a higher incidence of stuttering and reading disabilities.
B)has been found to be negatively related to mathematical ability.
C)is linked to a lower incidence of migraine headaches and allergies.
D)corresponds to having motor movement controlled by the left hemisphere of the brain.

Question 28

Carla is a picky eater. What should her parents do?

A)Use food as a reward more often.
B)Force her to clean her plate.
C)Talk about what she is or is not eating at mealtime.
D)Allow her to eat foods in any order she wants.

Question 29

During the preschool years, minor illnesses such as colds

A)occur about 2 or 3 times per year.
B)often last more than a week.
C)reduce children's immunity to more serious illnesses.
D)help to inform children about the way their bodies work.

Question 30

According to Health Canada, the most common chronic illness of childhood is

A)cancer.
B)asthma.
C)diabetes.
D)leukemia.

Question 31

If 5-year-olds Joe and Mary are typical for their genders, you would expect to find that

A)Mary is more active than Joe.
B)Joe does better on activities such as hopping or skipping that require coordinated movements of the limbs.
C)Joe is stronger than Mary.
D)Joe is more skilled than Mary on tasks such as printing legibly that require fine motor coordination.

Question 32

Four-year-old Matt loves to draw. Matt's pictures usually contain combinations of circles, squares, and triangles to form somewhat complex patterns. Which stage of drawing does Matt seem to be in?

A)design stage
B)imagery stage
C)pictorial stage
D)shape stage

Question 33

Analysis of drawings by preschool children suggests that most 2-year-olds

A)draw six basic shapes-circles, rectangles, triangles, crosses, Xs, and odd-shaped forms.
B)scribble about 20 different scribbles such as vertical, horizontal, and circular lines.
C)draw recognizable objects such as people, animals, plants, and vehicles.
D)combine the six basic shapes to create more complex patterns.

Question 34

Two-year old Natalie loves to draw. Her pictures usually contain zig-zags, circular lines, vertical lines and horizontal lines. Which stage of drawing does Natalie seem to fit in?

A)design stage
B)imagery stage
C)basic scribbles stage
D)shape stage

Question 35

Which of the following statements is true of handedness?

A)Right-handed individuals are more likely to have migraine headaches and allergies.
B)The right hemisphere is usually the dominant hemisphere in right-handed people.
C)In some left-handed people, language functions occur in the right hemisphere of the brain.
D)Left-handed people are not more likely to have more artistic talent.

Question 36

During the preschool years, typical gender differences in motor skills are reflected in the fact that

A)girls are stronger than boys.
B)boys are more active than girls.
C)girls are less coordinated than boys in activities such as skipping and hopping.
D)boys are more skilled at tasks that require fine motor coordination.

Question 37

Preschoolers should consume about ________ calories per kilogram of body weight.

A)50
B)90
C)150
D)190

Question 38

Three-year-old John loves to draw. John's pictures usually contain one of six basic shapes. Which stage of drawing does John seem to fit in?

A)design stage
B)imagery stage
C)pictorial stage
D)shape stage

Question 39

Which of the following statements about minor illnesses during the preschool years is true?

A)Minor illnesses decrease immunity to more serious diseases.
B)Most preschool children rarely get colds-one or two a year is typical.
C)Preschool children are more vulnerable to colds because their lungs are still developing.
D)When preschool children get a minor illness, it usually lasts 2 to 3 weeks.

Question 40

What is the name of the manual that directs Canadians on their preschoolers' nutritional requirements?

A)Canada's Food Guide
B)North America's Food Guide
C)Canada's Food Guide for Preschoolers
D)Weight Watchers

Question 41

Which of the following would not reduce the accident risk for young children?

A)installing an approved car seat in the front seat of an automobile
B)never leaving children unattended near sources of water
C)making sure children wear a helmet when riding a tricycle or bicycle
D)telling children how to leave the house in case of a fire and practising leaving the house

Question 42

Allen-Vercoe's study of the impact of human stress hormones on microbes in the human gut is an example of research being done as part of

A)the World Health Organization.
B)the Canadian Institute of Infections and Immunity.
C)the Canadian Health Organization
D)the Human Microbiome Project.

Question 43

The Human Microbiome Project is an attempt to understand the relationship between

A)cells and stress.
B)stress and DNA.
C)the human microbiome and human health problems.
D)the human microbiome and ethology.

Question 44

Approximately 1 in _____ Canadian children is obese.

A)5
B)10
C)15
D)3

Question 45

Which of the following statements about vulnerability to illness and injury is true?

A)All children are equally prone to illness and injury.
B)Stress is not related to susceptibility to illness.
C)Poverty decreases the likelihood of health-related problems.
D)Guaranteed health care to children in Canada makes health-related problems less likely than they are in most industrialized countries.

Question 46

Jordan's Principle-ensuring timely and equal access to health care for Canadian Aboriginal children-is also known as a ________ principle.

A)child-first
B)family-first
C)culture-first
D)government-first

Question 47

Between the ages of 6 and 10, children typically use their nonpreferred hand

A)as frequently as the preferred hand.
B)when doing things other than writing.
C)only when the preferred hand is busy doing something else.
D)for fine-motor activities.

Question 48

One way researchers are attempting to understand chronic illness in children and adults is to better understand the makeup of the

A)ear canal.
B)respiratory system.
C)human microbiome.
D)brain.

Question 49

Changes to the viruses, bacteria, and protozoa in the human body can affect

A)behaviour and neurological health.
B)how many times a child is affected by colds and flus.
C)long-term intelligence.
D)child temperament.

Question 50

Which of the following should be done to make a hospital stay less traumatic for a child?

A)The parents shouldn't spend too much time with the child because they will get in the way of the medical professionals.
B)Medical professionals shouldn't explain procedures to children because the explanations will scare the children.
C)Parents should be allowed to room in.
D)Health-care professionals shouldn't give children choices because they aren't mature enough to make the choices.

Question 51

Which of the following is true of obesity?

A)A pattern of poor eating in infancy is not related to poor eating in childhood.
B)Obesity is completely determined by environmental influences.
C)An obese baby has a very low probability of growing into an obese adult.
D)Children who are obese have no greater risk of emotional problems than children who are not obese.

Question 52

Arthritis and obesity can be affected by the interaction of _____ and _____.

A)emotional health; personality
B)human cells; the microbiome
C)emotional health; the microbiome
D)personality; the microbiome

Question 53

The human body contains about 10 times as many

A)cells as compared with the number of microbes.
B)microbes as compared with the number of cells.
C)DNA structures as compared with RNA structures.
D)None of these answers.

Question 54

What is the price of brain specialization?

A)reduced plasticity
B)myelinization
C)reduced stimulation
D)efficiency

Question 55

Microbes are

A)the parts of a cell nucleus.
B)virus and bacteria.
C)protozoa.
D)viruses, bacteria, and protozoa.

Question 56

The human microbiome consists of

A)viruses and bacteria.
B)protozoa.
C)DNA.
D)microbes.

Question 57

In the human body, what carries the most genetic information?

A)cells
B)microbes
C)neurons
D)None of these answers.

Question 58

Preschoolers need to eat less per kilogram than infants and toddlers because

A)they are less active.
B)the brain has reached maturation.
C)they should be eating more sugar and fat.
D)they grow more slowly.

Question 59

Hilary Sandig and her colleagues have investigated the relationship between obesity and

A)leukemia.
B)asthma.
C)allergies.
D)accidents.

Question 60

Five-year-old Jonathan was in an automobile accident and is in the hospital recovering. What might make his stay in the hospital less traumatic?

A)Give Jonathan a sense of control by allowing him to make some choices about when to take a bath, what to eat, and when to go to therapy.
B)Don't scare him by telling him about what's going to happen in his upcoming surgery.
C)Keep parental visits to a minimum.
D)Make all decisions for him so he feels there is a strong authority in control.

Question 61

Infants fed formula have a(n) _____ of bacteria.

A)higher richness
B)lower richness
C)underrepresentation
D)All of these answers.

Question 62

Richness and diversity of gut bacteria can be especially low in infants born

A)preterm.
B)with low birth weight.
C)by C-section.
D)by vaginal delivery.

Question 63

Higher richness of bacteria and overrepresentation of bacteria are characteristics of infants who

A)are breastfed.
B)are neglected.
C)are fed formula.
D)are malnourished.

Question 64

Clostridium difficile in infants fed formula can lead to

A)deafness.
B)heart defects.
C)diarrhea.
D)malnutrition